Verfügbarkeit: Kauno istorija

Kauno istorija: 1 Kauno istorija nuo seniausių laikų iki 1655 metų

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Kiaupa, Zigmantas 1942- (VerfasserIn), Glemža, Liudas (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Lithuanian
Veröffentlicht:	Vilnius Versus Aureus 2010
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract
Beschreibung:	399 S. Ill., Kt.
ISBN:	9789955342502

Internformat

MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	SUMMARY Volume I of the History of Kaunas encompasses the period from settlements of the Kaunas surroundings during the tenth to ninth millennium B.C. to 1655, a time when Kaunas experienced especially severe blows. It is written on the basis of the still rather sparse Kaunas historiography and surviving written resources. Material and iconographie resources are also used for the books text and illustrations. Kaunas is located at the convergence of the Rivers Nemunas and Neris. These areas were comparatively densely settled as early as the first millennium. Nonethe¬ less, a continual settlement in the locale of what is to become Kaunas in the future is only associated with construction of the brick Kaunas Castle in the mid-fifteenth century. Written sources first make mention of the Kaunas Castle in 1361; the Order of Teutonic Knights razes it the following year. The surroundings of Kaunas become a theatre of war between Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights up to the start of the fifteenth century. It isn't until the start of that century, as the noted war winds down, that trading opportunities open between Lithuania and cities under the sovereignty of the Teu¬ tons, beginning with Danzig (Gdańsk). Thus merchants and artisans, mostly those relocating from Germanic towns along the Baltic Sea, begin establishing in Kaunas. Lithuania's Grand Duke Vytautas grants Magdeburg Rights of civic self-governance to the budding community of townspeople in 1408. Town privileges, granted by Vytautas in 1408, by Kazimieras Jogailaitis (Casimir IV Jagiellon) in 1463 and by Aleksandras Jogailaitis (Alexander Jagiellon) in 1492, legalise the town community of Kaunas, establish its relationship with the ruler and provide the townspeople with partial legal and economic immunity. A Kaunas mu¬ nicipal organisation forms. Kaunas grows due to the influx of migrants from Dan¬ zig and other Teutonic cities but, first and foremost, due to its acceptance of local residents into the city, townspeople as well as those from other social estate realms. The key premises for the city's growth are its excellent geographic local (prompting shipping via the crossing of the Rivers Nemunas and Neris and a waterway from Lithuania to Danzig) and the intensive trading along the noted routes. Head-to-he¬ ad competition for trade is heated between Hansa and Kaunas merchants from the 394 ZIGMANTAS KIAUPA mid-fifteenth century and, at this time, an office of the Hanseatic League establishes in Kaunas. In the meantime, the struggle to establish the law of staples {ius stapulae) succeeds and, in stages, it sets in Kaunas. Kaunas out-competes the Hanseatic League in the spheres of shipping and carriage of goods. Kaunas Castle, which is rebuilt in the early-fifteenth century, loses its militaristic significance after the Battle of Žalgiris (aka Grünwald) in 1410. However, it remains as a state residence for the local administration. Early in the fifteenth century, a Cat¬ holic parish appears in Kaunas and, over the course of the century, Franciscan and Bernardine Monasteries establish. During the second quarter of the sixteenth century, Kaunas goes through changes in the social organisation of its community of townspeople and its self-governance. A community jury board that represents the interests of the entire social layer of townspeople {Bürgers) appears alongside older town council, which is controlled by townspeople's families, and the Šuolininku (Bencher's) Court. The self-governance of the city becomes more democratic and, more and more often, the townspeople's community calls itself a Republic. Such a sense of being Republican becomes fun¬ damental to this community's very existence. The population rises and, by the mid- sixteenth century, it numbers some 7 000 in Kaunas. Lithuanians predominate by numbers, whereas the Kaunas inhabitants at the upper strata of society are noticeably German. Although Kaunas is a Catholic city, a Lutheran community appears in the mid-sixteenth century. By the mid-seventeenth century, it gains the right to delegate four members into city municipal institutions. Trade remains fundamental to life in Kaunas between the sixteenth and first half of the seventeenth centuries. Various goods are shipped into Kaunas (forestry goods, wax, ashes, grain, flax, hemp, leather and others) from the entire Nemunas River basin and further hauled to Baltic Seaports - Gdansk and Königsberg. From there salt, herring and other fish, cloth, metal works, spices, wine and other sorts of goods arrive in Kaunas and then disperse throughout Lithuania. Most Kaunas merchants are also large-scale businesspeople engaged in producing forestry materials for ex¬ port. Shipping is another important area of business. A river boat shipyard is located in Kaunas. Its dwellers also engage in freightage and cargo hauling businesses. Up to 100 crafts are counted in Kaunas during the second half of the sixteenth century. This indicates that there is a great differentiation of crafts and that Kaunas is a centre for large-scale crafts production. Most of this production is consumed in Lithuania. Leather and woodworks are exported along with some cloth. At this time, two paper workshops, various mills and a bell foundry operate in Kaunas. SUMMARY 395 Cultural creativity is not a strong point amongst the citys inhabitants. Nonet¬ heless, the architectural styles and interior designs of public and private buildings that take root are creative manifestations (Gothic in the fifteenth-sixteenth, Renais¬ sance in the late-sixteenth and Baroque in the mid-seventeenth centuries). A few elementary schools operate in Kaunas. Between the fifteenth and first half-sevente¬ enth centuries, several tens of Kaunas inhabitants study in European universities. The mid-sixteenth century is when institutions of the Catholic Church decline and the Reformation breaks through. However, by the second half of that century, Catholic parishes and monasteries recover. Four more abbeys establish here during the first half of the seventeenth century. Secular and sacral cultural expressions intertwine in the lives of the townspeople. Kaunas becomes a city of brick during the sixteenth century. Not only are there brick churches and abbeys at the core of the city but brick homes of its townspeople as well. Wooden homes, however, did actually continue to stand at the city's outskirts. The corner stone for the Rotušé (Old City Hall) is laid in 1542; its construction is completed at the end of this century. Kaunas becomes the second city of Lithuania by size and by the amount of state taxes paid from the fifteenth century. It is a large centre of trade and business and an active member within the Hansa trading area. The sixteenth to first half-seventeenth century is considered the period of prosperity of Kaunas. TURINYS Jvadas . XV-XVIIIa. Kauno istorijos periodizavimas ir objektets. XlV-XVIIIa. Kauno istorijos tyrimai. XIV-XVIII a. Kauno istorijos šaltiniai Kaunas viduramžiais . 31 Kauno priešistorés apmatai . 31 Santakos аруНпкгц apgyvendinimas - nuo seniausiu gyventojiţ iki líetuviif. Nemuno vandens keîias ir pìrmoji gyvenvietè Santakoje Kauno pradžia . 34 Pirmasis Kauno paminéjimas. Kaunas kova su kryžiuočiais laikais. Miestietiškos gyvenvietès Kaune užuomazgos. Miesto tetsè ir 1408 m. Vytauto privilegija Kaunomiestiečiu^endruomenésraiškaXVa.-XVIa. pradžioje . 44 MiestieČiu hendruomenè. Savìvaldos raiška - miesto vidaus gyvenimo sutvarkymas, Savivaldos raiška - santykiat su valdovu. Mokesčiai ir prievolés. Raštas miestiečiif gyvenime Prekyba - Kauno gyvenimo pamatai . 65 ¿vilgsnis j Kauno amatus, turgu ir karčemas, Politinès, gamtinès ir teisinès prekybos sąlygos Vytauto laikais. XV a. -XVI a. pradzios Kauno prekybos areolas, partneriai ir prekés. Svečiu teisè irHanzos kontóra Kaune. Kauno sankrovos teisé, „тиІЩ karas" ir Hanzos kontoros Kaune sunykimas. Kaunas - regione prekybos centras Kauno pilis ir pavietas . 101 Naujoji Kauno pilis. Kauno pavietas irseniunai. Kauno miestas, seniünas ir pilis/ pavietas Pirmosios bažnyčios ir vienuolijos Kaune . 115 Kauno parapija. Pirmosios vienuolijos Kaune. Kauno Ьетагаіпц vienuolynas ir Lietuvos bernardini^ provincijos jkurimas. Kaunieäai ir bažnyčios Kauno urbanistiné erdvé . 127 Kauno urbanistinis vaizdas. Viešosios irprivačios erávès heipastatai. Kauno miesto valdos Kauno Respublika XVI a.-XVII a. pirmojoje pusèje . 141 Lietuvos valstybés miestas Kaunas . 141 Kauno miestas ir valdovas beiseimas. Кагц veiksnys Kauno gyveníme. Kauno pavieto perivarkymai ir Kauno miestas Respublikoniškojimiestiečiu bendruomenè . 168 Miestiečiu bendruomenè. Tautos ir kalbos Kaune. Miestiečiu bendruomenès socialinè struktura ir miestiskoji jausena. Bendruomeninio gyvenimo atodangos Dírbanti Respublika . 205 Prekybos keliai ir laivyba. Kauno prekybos teisinis reglamentavimas. Pirkliai ir prekés. Miško verslas. Laivai ir upeiviai. Turgus ir karčemos. Amatai ir pramonès pradmenys Kauno miesto savivaldos raida ir raiška . 272 1540 m. Žygimanto Senojo privilegija Kauno miestui. Kauno miesto savivaldos institucijos XVI a.-XVII a. pirmojoje pusèje. Miestiečiu bendruomenès vieta Kauno miesto savivaldos sandaroje. Kauno miesto viešojo vidaus gyvenimo erdvès ir јц tvarkymas. Kauno miesto Шегеѕц valstybés erdvèje apsaugos pastangos Reformacijos banga ir Kataliku bažnyčios reformos darbai Kaune . 318 Bažnytinio gyvenimo Kaune XVI a. pirmojoje pusèje bruozai, Kauno liuteronu bendruomenè. Katalika bažnyčios reformos darbai Kaune. Kataliku ir liuteronu santykiai XVI a. pirmojoje pusèje Meno ir rašto kultùros atodangos каипіесіц gyvenime . 336 Bendriausi kulturinio gyvenimo bruozai. Mokyklos. Skaitomos ir rasomos knygos. KaunieČiu studijos Europos universìtetuose Kaunas - mürinis miestas. 361 Statybos. Architektüros stiliu raiška. Miesto piètra Kauno vaizdas XVII a. pirmojoje pusèje . 384 Summary . 393 Iliustraciju ir žemélapht sarasas . 396
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title	Kauno istorija
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title_full	Kauno istorija 1 Kauno istorija nuo seniausių laikų iki 1655 metų Zigmantas Kiaupa
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title_full_unstemmed	Kauno istorija 1 Kauno istorija nuo seniausių laikų iki 1655 metų Zigmantas Kiaupa
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