Territory and electoral rules in post-communist democracies:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Basingstoke [u.a.]
Palgrave Macmillan
2010
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 215 S. graph. Darst. 23 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780230248274 0230248276 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Bochsler, Daniel |d 1978- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)129972622 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Territory and electoral rules in post-communist democracies |c Daniel Bochsler |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143090290655232 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Figures
viii
List of Tables
χ
Notation of Variables
xii
Preface
xiii
1
Introduction: Electoral Systems and Party Systems
in the New European Democracies
1
1.1
Previous research
2
1.2
Relevance and innovations of this study
6
1.3
A short guide through this book
11
1.4
Conclusions
13
2
The Puzzle of Electoral Systems Impact in
Post-Communist Democracies
15
2.1
Introduction
15
2.2
Electoral systems and party systems
-
the
conventional view
17
2.3
The empirical puzzle: And it all looks like nonsense
... 30
2.4
Conclusions: Do electoral systems not work in
post-communist countries?
36
3
How to Measure Party Nationalisation
37
3.1
Introduction: The relevance of party nationalisation
and the lack of a reliable measure
37
3.2
Previous measures of party nationalisation
39
3.3
The
Gini
coefficient to measure regional heterogeneity
45
3.4
Developments on the party nationalisation score:
The impact of the size of territorial units
47
3.5
Testing the standardised party nationalisation score
on Central and Eastern European data
52
3.6
Conclusions
56
4
Explaining the Nationalisation of Party Systems in
Central and Eastern Europe
58
4.1
Introduction: Why study party nationalisation?
58
vi
Contents
4.2
Four explanations for party nationalisation
60
4.3
Operationalisation
65
4.4
Party nationalisation in Central and Eastern Europe
67
4.5
Conclusions: Determinants of party nationalisation
83
5
How Party Systems Develop in Mixed Electoral Systems
86
5.1
Introduction
86
5.2
Mixed electoral systems: Terminology and application
89
5.3
How much compensation in mixed compensatory
electoral systems?
93
5.4
Economics of votes: The run for better conversion rates
96
5.5
Party system stability and party system change
102
5.6
The consequences of mixed electoral
systems
-
empirical study
108
5.7
Identifying party system equilibria
117
5.8
How to transform a compensatory into a
non-compensatory system
123
5.9
The best of both worlds? Preliminary conclusions and
suggestions for further research
129
6
Counting Votes and Places: The Joint Effect of
Electoral Rules and Territory
132
6.1
Introduction
132
6.2
About methodology: Going beyond directional models
in political science
134
6.3
How to resolve the Central and Eastern European
electoral system puzzle?
135
6.4
A model of district magnitude, number of districts
and party nationalisation
140
6.5
The importance of national electoral thresholds
144
6.6
Umbrellas and rainbows
-
the early development
of the new party systems
147
6.7
Testing the full party nationalisation model
149
6.8
A comprehensive model for the fragmentation
of party systems
156
6.9
Conclusions
161
7
Conclusions: An Institutional Model to Predict the
Number of Parties in Central and Eastern Europe
163
7.1
A two-step model to investigate the effect of party
nationalisation and electoral systems
164
7.2
Territorial ethnic divides, super-presidencies and
party nationalisation
165
Contents
vii
7.3
The joint impact of party nationalisation and
district magnitude
166
7.4
A comprehensive model for the fragmentation of
party systems
168
7.5
Mixed electoral systems
-
the surprise packet among
the electoral systems
168
7.6
Institutions work
169
7.7
Relation to previous studies of electoral systems
170
7.8
Party nationalisation and the size of party systems
in different contexts
171
Appendices
174
Appendix A
174
Appendix
В
175
Appendix
С
176
Notes
177
Bibliography
197
Index
213
Figures
1.1
Main model for this research project
8
2.1
Effective number of parties in parliaments in Central
and Eastern Europe,
1990-2007,
time series for the
number of the election
20
2.2
Electoral systems and their impact on party system
fractionalisation
21
2.3
Effective threshold and the number of parties
25
2.4
Balancing effects on the number of parties in single electoral
districts: Determining the parameter
к
27
2.5
Three concepts to explain the number of parties in a
party system
29
2.6
Explaining the effective number of parties by
district magnitude,
1990-2007 32
2.7
Explaining the effective number of parties through
national legal thresholds,
1990-2007 34
3.1
The calculation of the party nationalisation score with
weighted units in a fictitious country
46
4.1
Party system nationalisation in twenty countries,
development by country over time,
1990-2007 68
4.2
Budget centralisation and party nationalisation
(PR tier),
1998-2001 74
4.3
Party nationalisation in PR elections, according
to the OLS regression model
80
4.4
Party nationalisation in the PR tier and in the
single-seat district tier in mixed electoral systems
82
5.1
Development of the effective number of parties in
parliament under mixed electoral systems
88
5.2
Semi- and fully compensatory systems and break-even
point, where systems are just compensatory
94
5.3
Contamination of the PR tier and the plurality/majority tier
110
5.4
The relationship of volatility and level of coordination
114
5.5
Development of the number of parties, according to
the level of electoral coordination in previous elections,
and according to the level of volatility
115
5.6
Party concentration effect of low volatility
117
viii
Figures
ix
5.7
Typology and dynamics of party system change under
mixed semi- or non-compensatory electoral systems
118
5.8
The impact of strategic vote splitting on the electoral
success of small parties
128
6.1
Two explanations for the high number of national
parties in single-seat district systems
137
6.2
Example of party nationalisation and the effective
number of parties in a 200-seats parliament with
10-seats districts and
к
=1/3 142
6.3
Development of the number of parties over time
154
6.4
Number of parties expected by partial functions
of the model, according to legal thresholds, and
according to the number of districts, district magnitude,
and party nationalisation
156
7.1
The two-step model to explain the number of
parties in Central and Eastern European party system
165
Tables
2.1
OLS regression models for the effective number
of parliamentary parties (log), district magnitude and
number of seats in parliament as explanatory variables
33
2.2
OLS regression models for the effective number of
parliamentary parties (log), with the legal threshold
and a combined term as explanatory variables
35
3.1
Indicators to measure the nationalisation of party
systems and their discussed shortcomings
40
3.2
Calculation of the relative deviation between the
upper level and the lower level for both indicators
54
4.1
Most important ethnic minority parties with a
territorially concentrated structure of voters
71
4.2
OLS regression models to estimate party system
nationalisation
77
5.1
Terminologies regarding mixed electoral systems
90
5.2
Mixed electoral systems in Central and Eastern
Europe,
1990-2007;
types and application
92
5.3
Overview of the variables used in the model of
party system change
109
5.4
OLS regression models for strategic coordination
of candidate entry
112
5.5
OLS regression models for the effective number of
elective parties
116
5.6
Types of outcomes of mixed electoral systems
119
5.7
Four types of party systems under mixed
non- or
semi-compensatory systems
122
5.8
Electoral results in Albania
2005 126
6.1
Two types of failures of the concentrating effect
of electoral systems characteristics
136
6.2
OLS regression models for the effective number
of parliamentary parties
144
6.3
OLS Regression models for the effective number
of parties
152
6.4
OLS regression models for the effective number of parties,
no intercept included
153
Tables
xi
6.5
OLS regression models for the effective number
of parties, simplified model
155
6.6
OLS regression model for the effective number of
parties, global model
159
A.I Random-effects GLS regression for the effective
number of parliamentary parties
176
Notation
of
Variables
с
Share of compensatory mandates in mixed electoral systems
[c=l-SSSD/S]
comp
Necessary share of compensatory mandates for a just com¬
pensatory system
d
Number of electoral districts
e
Ethnic fractionalisation (Hirschmann-Herfindahl index)
ec Territorially based ethnic groups
m
Average number of mandates by electoral district
No Absolute number of parties
N2 Effective number of parties (Laakso and Taagepera,
1979)
Nv Effective number of parties, based on their vote share
pi Largest seat share of single party
plsSD Largest seat share of single party in the plurality/majority
tier of mixed electoral systems
A Absolute number of seats held by largest party in parliament
V = PrS]
Assd Absolute number of seats held by largest party in plurality/
majority tier [Assd
=
Pissd-Sssd]
pres
Super-presidential systems (dummy variable)
q
Parameter for the comparison of district-based PR with
threshold-based PR systems
5
Overall number of mandates in parliament
SpR Number of mandates in proportional or compensatory tier
of mixed electoral systems
SSSD Number of mandates in plurality/majority tier of mixed elec¬
toral systems [SSSD
=
S
■ (1 -
с)]
SSD Single-seat district system (dummy variable)
t
Legal threshold
Дѓ
System with legal threshold (dummy variable for r>
0)
TD District threshold (l/(m
+ 1))
TE Effective threshold
-
the higher of the district and the legal
threshold
T
Ordinal number of elections
ΔΤ
First multiparty elections (dummy variable for T=
1)
xii
|
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| id | DE-604.BV036518856 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:42:08Z |
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| language | English |
| lccn | 2010007405 |
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| spelling | Bochsler, Daniel 1978- Verfasser (DE-588)129972622 aut Territory and electoral rules in post-communist democracies Daniel Bochsler 1. publ. Basingstoke [u.a.] Palgrave Macmillan 2010 XIV, 215 S. graph. Darst. 23 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Political parties / Europe, Central Political parties / Europe, Eastern Post-communism / Europe, Central Post-communism / Europe, Eastern Postkommunismus (DE-588)4998161-4 gnd rswk-swf Wahlsystem (DE-588)4139210-3 gnd rswk-swf Parteiensystem (DE-588)4075906-4 gnd rswk-swf Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 gnd rswk-swf Ostmitteleuropa (DE-588)4075753-5 g Postkommunismus (DE-588)4998161-4 s Parteiensystem (DE-588)4075906-4 s Wahlsystem (DE-588)4139210-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020440899&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bochsler, Daniel 1978- Territory and electoral rules in post-communist democracies Political parties / Europe, Central Political parties / Europe, Eastern Post-communism / Europe, Central Post-communism / Europe, Eastern Postkommunismus (DE-588)4998161-4 gnd Wahlsystem (DE-588)4139210-3 gnd Parteiensystem (DE-588)4075906-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4998161-4 (DE-588)4139210-3 (DE-588)4075906-4 (DE-588)4075753-5 |
| title | Territory and electoral rules in post-communist democracies |
| title_auth | Territory and electoral rules in post-communist democracies |
| title_exact_search | Territory and electoral rules in post-communist democracies |
| title_full | Territory and electoral rules in post-communist democracies Daniel Bochsler |
| title_fullStr | Territory and electoral rules in post-communist democracies Daniel Bochsler |
| title_full_unstemmed | Territory and electoral rules in post-communist democracies Daniel Bochsler |
| title_short | Territory and electoral rules in post-communist democracies |
| title_sort | territory and electoral rules in post communist democracies |
| topic | Political parties / Europe, Central Political parties / Europe, Eastern Post-communism / Europe, Central Post-communism / Europe, Eastern Postkommunismus (DE-588)4998161-4 gnd Wahlsystem (DE-588)4139210-3 gnd Parteiensystem (DE-588)4075906-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Political parties / Europe, Central Political parties / Europe, Eastern Post-communism / Europe, Central Post-communism / Europe, Eastern Postkommunismus Wahlsystem Parteiensystem Ostmitteleuropa |
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