Vytautas Didysis: valdovo įvaizdis
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
Sprache: | Lithuanian |
Veröffentlicht: |
Vilnius
Vilniaus Dailės Akad. Leidykla
2008
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Vytautas the Great : the ruler's image |
Beschreibung: | 383 S. Ill. |
ISBN: | 9789955854012 |
Internformat
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264 | 1 | |a Vilnius |b Vilniaus Dailės Akad. Leidykla |c 2008 | |
300 | |a 383 S. |b Ill. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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502 | |a Teilw. zugl.: Budapest, Central European Univ., Diss., 2002 | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804143083812552704 |
---|---|
adam_text | Turinys
Padèka
/ 9
¡vadas
/11
Vytauto Didžiojo
gyvenimas
ir darbai
/18
Knygos
struktura
ir tyrimo metodai
/21
Trumpai apie
šaltinius
ir
literaturą
/ 25
I
SKYRIUS.
fVAIZDŽlO
ISTAKOS
—
VYTAUTO
GYVENIMAS
IR VEIKLA
/ 30
Jaunysté
/ 30
Vidaus kovos devintajame
XIV
amžíaus
desimtmetyje
/31
„Gyvaté užantyje ,
arba
„Kunigaikštis
be
žemés
ir
žmoniq
/ 32
Pirmasis
sugrjžimas
/ 34
Antrasis
pabégimas
/35
Prigimtiné teisé
/ 36
Rex
instas,
pacificus
et
christianissimtis I
36
Arkiininko vaikaitis, arba Lietuvos
didžiitjit
kunigaikscią
kilmé
/ 37
Tlnkamas
Gedimino
sosto ipèdinis
/ 39
Didžiojo kunígaikščio
soste /
44
Kelią
kunigaikščiui!
/ 44
Priêmimai
ir
dovanos
/51
1411-цјц
„paradas
/ 54
1428-цјц
purpuro sostas
/ 56
Karo lauke
/ 57
„Ir
aš
sédésiu Maskvoje
/ 57
Zalgirio íaukuose /
60
Ant
krikščioniškujit
vertybiiţ
svarstyklia: tarp
saracèno ir
mesijo
/ 60
Apsimestinis
lietuviiţ
krikštas
/61
Veidmainis saracénas
/ 68
Naujasis
apástalas
/ 73
Bažnyčíos
vienytojas
/ 77
Erezijos vilionés
/ 81
„Žmogaus sunus
/ 86
Valdžios vaizdai
ir
vaizdiniai
/88
Didžiojo kunigaiksčío
rumai
Тгакц
salos pilyje
/ 88
Monetos
ir
antspaudai
/ 132
Nepasíektoji karuna
/139
XIV
amžiaus paskutinis dešimtmetis: nuo
„шпѕц
prie „Lietuvos
karaliaus
/ 140
XV
amžiaus antrasís
ir
trečiasis dešimtmečiai: karuna, bet ne ta
/ 142
1429—1430
m: „vienas kaulas dviem šunim
/ 145
Esminís laisvés klausimas
/ 148
Vainikas Lietuvos kaxaliui
/151
Acta
volant, verba manent
/156
Pagiriamasis iodis
/159
II
SKYR1US. VYTAUTO
ţVAIZDIS
XV
AMŽIUJE
/164
Attnintis
ir atminimas
/164
Karvedžio
kapas
/164
Maídos
už
velionio
sielą
/ 170
Seni
geri
Vytauto laikai
/ 173
Janas
Dlugošas
аріє
Vytauta
/176
Pageidautinas valdovas
/177
Zymus karvedys /180
Veidmainis lietuvis / 184
Tarp ambidjos
ir kilnumo
/186
III
SKYRIUS.
VïTAUTO
fVAIZDIS NAUJAISIAIS LAIKAIS /191
Lietuvoje
ir
Lenkijoje /191
Tarpvalstybiniai susitarimai /193
Paterpatriae, arba Vytauto jvaizdis
didžiuji^ kunígaiksciq aplinkoje
/ 193
Didvyrio palikimas /196
Viesas pagerbimas
/ 200
Vytauto
vardas politinéje retorikoje
/ 204
Kreipimaisi valdovus / 204
Vytautas
su tavimi,
Steponai, karaliau! / 209
Kreïpimaisi
tau
tą
/214
Gineai
dél
unijos
ir valstybés valdymo
/216
Abiejn tautq istoriografìja
/219
Zvilgsnis
is Lenkijos
/219
Saunusis lietuvis
/ 226
Baroko dvasia
/ 232
Vytauto atminimas LDK diduomenèje
/ 234
Radvilos
-
ištikimi
Vytauto pasekéjai
/ 235
Exemplum docet
I
240
Jezuitą mokyklinis
teatras
/ 240
Vytauto
portretai
/ 242
Vytauto jvaizdis kasdieniame pamaldume
/251
Vytauto jvaizdis
žodiněje
tradicijoje
/ 260
Populiarioji atmintis
/ 261
Lietuvos didvyris, arba Riterio ir vaidilutés sunus
/ 262
Nenykstantys
didžiojo
kunigaiksčio
žygiq pédsakai
/ 269
Vytauto ivaizdis nekrikščioniškose LDK
bendruomenèse
/ 272
Trumpa Lietuvos totoríq istorija
/ 272
Trumpa Lietuvos
кагаітц
istorija
/ 276
Karinio šaunumo suvienyti
/ 278
Karys, totoritj globéjas
/281
Кагаітц
раѕакц
princas
/ 284
Žydti teisiu. itvirtintojas
/ 288
Kitose šalyse
/ 289
Rušit nuomoné
—
каітупц
karvedys
/ 289
Vakara
Europa:
galingiausias
valdovas
ar
tironas
kraugerys?
/ 294
IV SKYRius. Vytauto jvaizdžiai
/301
Atmintis
ir
uzmarštis: Vytauto (vaizdis viduramžiais
ir naujaisiais
laikais
/301
Valdžios vaizdinija
/ 304
Idealusis
valdovas
/ 304
Tironijos šaknys
ir vaisiai
/ 305
Politine
teorija /
306
Tironas
Lietuvos didžiojo kunigaiksčio
soste
/ 309
Galia gyvenimui
ir
mirčiai
/311
Julijus Cezaris ar Ivanas Rustusis?
/313
Bizantijos nuojauta /314
Tautos
didvyris
/318
Takai, kuriais nebuvo eita / 320
Lietuvos
šVentasis
Vytautas? / 320
Nuotykiiţ dvasia
/321
Jvaizdiio
galia
ir ribos
/ 322
IŠVADOS
/ 327
Trumpiniai
/331
Šaltiniai
ir literatura
/ 333
Šaltiniai
/ 333
Nepublikuoti šaltiniai
/ 333
Publikuoti šaltiniai
/ 334
Literatura
/ 345
Iliustraciju. sarasas
/
З68
Rodyklés
/ 373
Asmenvardžiit rodyklé
/ 373
Geografiniii pavadmimu_ ir tautij
rodyklê /
376
Dalyku. ir
іуукіц
rodyklè
/ 379
Vytautas
the Great: the Ruler s Image
/ 381
Vytautas
the Great: the Ruler s Image
Summary
In
1492,
Lithuanian nobles gathered in the Vilnius Cathedral to elevate Alexander
the Jagiellonian to the grand ducal seat. There is little information about the staging
of this inauguration. However, contemporary sources perpetuated the words pro¬
nounced by or ascribed to the marshal of the Grand Duchy. This acclamation
warned the future ruler not to follow foreign customs but stick to the Lithuanian
way of living and adhere to the example of Grand Duke Vytautas. These words
became a motto for the research, that has been started with two questions: How
did it happen that Vytautas came to be recognised as the exemplary Lithuanian
ruler? and, Why was Vytautas selected as that exemplary ruler?
At first glance, the answer seemed to be apparent: Vytautas was Vytautas the
Great. This simple response deepened the inquiry and transformed it into a study
on how a ruler becomes the Great. Initial hypothesis stemmed from the idea
that it was Vytautas who built his image of a great ruler and later was perceived
as such. Hence, the two initial questions expanded into the study on the making
and functioning of the image of Vytautas the Great.
This book begins with the earliest records mentioning the future grand duke
on his path to the throne. Then, Vytautas exercise of the grand ducal office and
the propaganda surrounding his authority are considered. In terms of the image-
building, it can be shown that Vytautas did indeed engineered his image while
his courtiers helped to shape and spread the grand duke s glory. The development
of the image began with a declaration of Vytautas birthrights to the grand du¬
cal seat, proceeded through international appeals presenting him as a Christian
prince, and culminated with a panegyric to the most glorious sovereign . While
the grand ducal court was busy constructing the heroic image, Vytautas opposi¬
tion worked on a counter-image of a perfidious neophyte or even of a Saracen,
thirsty for Christian blood. The Teutonic Knights commissioned a pamphlet
arguing that Vytautas would not stop the bloodshed until he waters his horses in
the Rhine. Then again, on the other end of the scale, a Bavarian prophecy identi-
381
Vytautas
the Great: the Ruler s Image
fied Vytautas as nothing less than the Son of Man. The grand duke s initiatives
to become king of Lithuania marked the final phase in the rhetoric surrounding
his image. Vytautas death aborted his coronation plans. However, his image has
been firmly established to enter the memories of his contemporaries.
In the second chapter the immediate reminiscences of Vytautas government
are considered. During the subsequent phase of the image formation, its selected
features found their place within historical memory while others sank into oblivion.
The second half of the fifteenth century was a period when important
historiographie
texts appeared in Poland and Western Europe.
Jan Długosz
wrote his famous
Annales
Pobniae, thus, perpetuating the image of Vytautas as a skilful statesman and desirable
ruler. On the contrary, Aeneas Sylvius
Piccolomini
represented the grand duke as a
tyrant. These two opposites in the perception of rulership created a framework for
the early modern transformations of Vytautas image.
The sixteenth century that opens the third chapter was the most productive
period in generating and most inventive in applying the grand duke s image.
Renaissance minds picked up the figure of Vytautas as a ruler, corresponding to
Humanist ideals and, at the same time, shaped his image to better reflect these
ideals. Furthermore, this was the period when the image became detached from
the personality of the ruler and began to be used as a tool in political rhetoric.
Research into medieval and early modern sources has demonstrated that de¬
spite various manifestations and circumstances, for which the name of Vytautas
was evoked, the grand duke s image gradually fell within the framework of tra¬
ditional patterns of rulership. The paradox of Vytautas image is that it included
both polarities of kingship: the Christian governor and bloodthirsty tyrant.
Most importantly, the study revealed that the same features were interpreted in
opposite ways. As a rule, these oppositions were related to the position of the
interpreter. Hence, what for a Lithuanian author appeared as a testimony of
desirable government, a westerner regarded as despotism. These contradictions
in understanding of the supreme authority lead to a broader inquiry into early
modern mentality.
The last chapter returns to the initial and principal questions of the study
and concludes that Vytautas did indeed engineer the perception of himself as a
just prince and did his best to perpetuate this image. It is quite clear that these
steps were undertaken in a plan to take and to hold authority over the Grand
Duchy. The flow of history, as well as the personal qualities of the grand duke,
resulted in the nearly constant making and re-making of the image. The gradual
Christianisation of Lithuania, the conflict with the Teutonic Knights, Vytautas
382
Vytautas
the Great: the Ruler s Image
involvement in the Hussite wars, and his striving for the royal diadem condi¬
tioned that the grand duke s name earned international renown. While the extent
to which medieval Lithuanians were familiar with traditional western models
of kingship remains unknown, many of the features of a good prince could
undoubtedly be considered universal knowledge. Thus, even though Vytautas
international propaganda did not clearly follow established examples, outsiders
judged the Lithuanian ruler according to prevailing values and models. Hence,
the image intended for western audiences ultimately developed along western
lines. However, the grand duke s image as projected within the grand duchy was
cast according to the local understanding of authority. Although Rus ian patterns
are quite apparent, it is possible to isolate the unique features of the image. The
decoration of Vytautas residence in Trakai and the panegyric to the late grand
duke suggest that Byzantine practices of glorifying imperial power served as the
inspirations for these undertakings. Nevertheless, territorial distance as well as
the lack of skill and training resulted in quite original interpretations of grand
ducal authority.
This inquiry into the past reveals the motives and paradoxes behind the image
of Vytautas the Great. Its development and application occurs in parallel with
the intensification of political feelings and the formation of national conscious¬
ness of the people that once formed the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The study
does not investigate how Vytautas became recognised the Lithuanian national
hero. However, it reveals the surprising continuity of the image as well as its
ability to adjust to the changing values and truths of history, be that the battle
with the Muscovites or the issue of retaking Vilnius. In the sixteenth century,
Vytautas appeared in soldiers dreams to guide them to victory. In the
1930s,
he
trampled a Polish usurper of the Lithuanian capital, making the desirable look
real. At the end of the twentieth century, the grand duke was shown in the rays
of glory among the soldiers in the battle of
Grunwald
as well as portrait as a jack
of spades in a set of playing cards. The research concludes that the ambiguity of
Vytautas image gave him long life since imagination of its users could construct
new images based on needs and hopes of the time period.
383
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Mickūnaitė, Giedrė 1971- |
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genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
id | DE-604.BV036514244 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:42:02Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9789955854012 |
language | Lithuanian |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020436390 |
oclc_num | 705604278 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 |
owner_facet | DE-12 |
physical | 383 S. Ill. |
publishDate | 2008 |
publishDateSearch | 2008 |
publishDateSort | 2008 |
publisher | Vilniaus Dailės Akad. Leidykla |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Mickūnaitė, Giedrė 1971- Verfasser (DE-588)131976664 aut Vytautas Didysis valdovo įvaizdis Giedrė Mickūnaitė Vilnius Vilniaus Dailės Akad. Leidykla 2008 383 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Vytautas the Great : the ruler's image Teilw. zugl.: Budapest, Central European Univ., Diss., 2002 Witold Litauen, Großfürst 1350-1430 (DE-588)11876957X gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Witold Litauen, Großfürst 1350-1430 (DE-588)11876957X p DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020436390&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020436390&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
spellingShingle | Mickūnaitė, Giedrė 1971- Vytautas Didysis valdovo įvaizdis Witold Litauen, Großfürst 1350-1430 (DE-588)11876957X gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)11876957X (DE-588)4113937-9 |
title | Vytautas Didysis valdovo įvaizdis |
title_auth | Vytautas Didysis valdovo įvaizdis |
title_exact_search | Vytautas Didysis valdovo įvaizdis |
title_full | Vytautas Didysis valdovo įvaizdis Giedrė Mickūnaitė |
title_fullStr | Vytautas Didysis valdovo įvaizdis Giedrė Mickūnaitė |
title_full_unstemmed | Vytautas Didysis valdovo įvaizdis Giedrė Mickūnaitė |
title_short | Vytautas Didysis |
title_sort | vytautas didysis valdovo ivaizdis |
title_sub | valdovo įvaizdis |
topic | Witold Litauen, Großfürst 1350-1430 (DE-588)11876957X gnd |
topic_facet | Witold Litauen, Großfürst 1350-1430 Hochschulschrift |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020436390&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020436390&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT mickunaitegiedre vytautasdidysisvaldovoivaizdis |