The singularity is near: when humans transcend biology
A controversial scientific vision predicts a time in which humans and machines will merge and create a new form of non-biological intelligence, explaining how the occurrence will solve such issues as pollution, hunger, and aging.
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY [u.a.]
Penguin Books
2006
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Zusammenfassung: | A controversial scientific vision predicts a time in which humans and machines will merge and create a new form of non-biological intelligence, explaining how the occurrence will solve such issues as pollution, hunger, and aging. |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 652 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0143037889 9780143037880 0670033847 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgments
xv
Prologue i
The Power of Ideas
CHAPTER ONE
The Six Epochs
7
The Intuitive Linear View Versus the Historical Exponential View
10
The Six Epochs
14
Epoch One: Physics and Chemistry. Epoch Two: Biology and
DNA.
Epoch Three: Brains. Epoch Four: Technology. Epoch Five: The Merger
of Human Technology with Human Intelligence. Epoch Six: The Universe
Wakes Up.
The Singularity Is Near
21
CHAPTER TWO
A Theory of Technology Evolution:
The Law of Accelerating Returns
35
The Nature of Order. The Life Cycle of a Paradigm. Fractal Designs.
Farsighted Evolution.
viii
Contents
The S-Curve of a Technology as Expressed in Its Life Cycle
51
The Life Cycle of a Technology. From Goat Skins to Downloads.
Moore s Law and Beyond
56
Moore s Law: Self-Fulfilling Prophecy? The Fifth Paradigm. Fractal
Dimensions and the Brain.
DNA
Sequencing, Memory, Communications, the Internet, and
Miniaturization
72
Information, Order, and Evolution: The Insights from Wolfram and
Fredkin s Cellular Automata. Can We Evolve Artificial Intelligence from
Simple Rules?
The Singularity as Economic Imperative
96
Get Eighty Trillion Dollars—Limited Time Only. Deflation
...
a Bad Thing?
CHAPTER THREE
Achieving the Computational Capacity
of the Human Brain
m
The Sixth Paradigm of Computing Technology: Three-Dimensional
Molecular Computing and Emerging Computational Technologies ill
The Bridge to
3-D
Molecular Computing. Nanotubes Are Still the Best
Bet. Computing with Molecules. Self-Assembly. Emulating Biology.
Computing with
DNA.
Computing with Spin. Computing with Light.
Quantum Computing.
The Computational Capacity of the Human Brain
122
Accelerating the Availability of Human-Level Personal Computing.
Human Memory Capacity.
The Limits of Computation
127
Reversible Computing. How Smart Is a Rock? The Limits of Nano-
computing. Setting a Date for the Singularity. Memory and Computational
Efficiency: A Rock Versus a Human Brain. Going Beyond the Ultimate:
Pico- and Femtotechnology and Bending the Speed of Light. Going Back
in Time.
Contents
ix
CHAPTER FOUR
Achieving the Software of Human Intelligence:
How to Reverse Engineer the Human Brain
ш
Reverse Engineering the Brain: An Overview of the Task
144
New Brain-Imaging and Modeling Tools. The Software of the Brain.
Analytic Versus Neuromorphic Modeling of the Brain. How Complex Is
the Brain? Modeling the Brain. Peeling the Onion.
Is the Human Brain Different from a Computer?
149
The Brain s Circuits Are Very Slow. But It s Massively Parallel. The Brain
Combines Analog and Digital Phenomena. The Brain Rewires Itself. Most
of the Details in the Brain Are Random. The Brain Uses Emergent Properties.
The Brain Is Imperfect We Contradict Ourselves. The Brain Uses Evolution.
The Patterns Are Important. The Brain Is Holographic. The Brain Is
Deeply Connected. The Brain Does Have an Architecture of Regions. The
Design of a Brain Region Is Simpler than the Design of a Neuron. Trying to
Understand Our Own Thinking: The Accelerating Pace of Research.
Peering into the Brain J57
New Tools for Scanning the Brain. Improving Resolution. Scanning
Using Nanobots.
Building Models of the Brain
167
Subneural Models: Synapses and Spines. Neuron Models. Electronic
Neurons. Brain Plasticity. Modeling Regions of the Brain. A Neuromorphic
Model: The Cerebellum. Another Example: Watts s Model of the Auditory
Regions. The Visual System. Other Works in Progress: An Artificial
Hippocampus and an Artificial Olivocerebellar Region. Understanding
Higher-Level Functions: Imitation, Prediction, and Emotion.
Interfacing the Brain and Machines
194
The Accelerating Pace of Reverse Engineering the Brain
195
The Scalability of Human Intelligence.
Uploading the Human Brain
198
χ
Contents
CHAPTER FIVE
GNR: Three Overlapping Revolutions
205
Genetics: The Intersection of Information and Biology
206
Life s Computer. Designer Baby Boomers. Can We Really Live Forever?
RNAi
(RNA
Interference). Cell Therapies. Gene Chips. Somatic Gene
Therapy. Reversing Degenerative Disease. Combating Heart Disease.
Overcoming Cancer. Reversing Aging.
DNA
Mutations. Toxic Cells.
Mitochondrial Mutations. Intracellular Aggregates. Extracellular Aggregates.
Cell Loss and Atrophy. Human Cloning: The Least Interesting Application
of Cloning Technology. Why Is Cloning Important? Preserving Endangered
Species and Restoring Extinct Ones. Therapeutic Cloning. Human
Somatic-Cell Engineering. Solving World Hunger. Human Cloning
Revisited.
Nanotechnology: The Intersection of Information
and the Physical World
226
The Biological Assembler. Upgrading the Cell Nucleus with
a Nano-
computer
and Nanobot. Fat and Sticky Fingers. The Debate Heats Up.
Early Adopters. Powering the Singularity. Applications of Nanotechnology
to the Environment. Nanobots in the Bloodstream.
Robotics: Strong
Al
259
Runaway
ΑΙ.
The
AI
Winter. AI s Toolkit. Expert Systems. Bayesian Nets.
Markov Models. Neural Nets. Genetic Algorithms (GAs). Recursive
Search. Deep Fritz Draws: Are Humans Getting Smarter, or Are Comput¬
ers Getting Stupider? The Specialized-Hardware Advantage. Deep Blue
Versus Deep Fritz. Significant Software Gains. Are Human Chess Players
Doomed? Combining Methods. A Narrow
AI
Sampler. Military and
Intelligence. Space Exploration. Medicine. Science and Math. Business,
Finance, and Manufacturing. Manufacturing and Robotics. Speech and
Language. Entertainment and Sports. Strong
AI.
Contents
xi
CHAPTER SIX
The Impact
... 299
A Panoply of Impacts.
...
on the Human Body
300
A New Way of Eating. Redesigning the Digestive System. Programmable
Blood. Have a Heart, or Not. So What s Left? Redesigning the Human
Brain. We Are Becoming Cyborgs. Human Body Version
3.0.
...
on the Human Brain
312
The
2010
Scenario. The
2030
Scenario. Become Someone Else. Experience
Beamers. Expand Your Mind.
...
on Human Longevity
320
The Transformation to Nonbiological Experience. The Longevity of
Information.
...
on Warfare: The Remote, Robotic, Robust, Size-Reduced,
Virtual-Reality Paradigm
330
Smart Dust. Nanoweapons. Smart Weapons. VR.
...
on Learning
335
...
on Work
337
Intellectual Property. Decentralization.
...
on Play
341
...
on the Intelligent Destiny of the Cosmos:
Why We Are Probably Alone in the Universe
342
The Drake Equation. The Limits of Computation Revisited. Bigger or
Smaller. Expanding Beyond the Solar System. The Speed of light Revisited.
Wonnholes. Changing the Speed of Light. The Fermi Paradox Revisited.
The Anthropic Principle Revisited. The Multiverse. Evolving Universes.
Intelligence as the Destiny of the Universe. The Ultimate Utility Function.
Hawking Radiation. Why Intelligence Is More Powerful than Physics.
A Universe-Scale Computer. The Holographic Universe.
xii
Contents
CHAPTER SEVEN
Ich
bin
ein
Singularitarian
зб9
Still Human?
The Vexing Question of Consciousness
376
Who Am I? What Am I?
382
The Singularity as Transcendence
387
CHAPTER EIGHT
The Deeply Intertwined Promise and Peril of GNR
391
Intertwined Benefits
... 396
...
and Dangers
397
A Panoply of Existential Risks
400
The Precautionary Principle. The Smaller the Interaction, the Larger the
Explosive Potential. Our Simulation Is Turned Off. Crashing the Party.
GNR: The Proper Focus of Promise Versus Peril. The Inevitability of a
Transformed Future. Totalitarian Relinquishment.
Preparing the Defenses
408
Strong
AI.
Returning to the Past?
The Idea of Relinquishment
410
Broad Relinquishment. Fine-Grained Relinquishment. Dealing with
Abuse. The Threat from Fundamentalism. Fundamentalist Humanism.
Development of Defensive Technologies and the Impact of Regulation
416
Protection from Unfriendly Strong
AI.
Decentralization. Distributed
Energy. Civil Liberties in an Age of Asymmetric Warfare.
A Program for GNR Defense
422
Contents
xiii
CHAPTER NINE
Response to Critics
427
A Panoply of Criticisms
427
The Criticism from Incredulity
432
The Criticism from
Malthus
433
Exponential Trends Don t Last Forever. A Virtually Unlimited Limit.
The Criticism from Software
435
Software Stability. Software Responsiveness. Software Price-Performance.
Software Development Productivity. Software Complexity. Accelerating
Algorithms. The Ultimate Source of Intelligent Algorithms.
The Criticism from Analog Processing
442
The Criticism from the Complexity of Neural Processing
442
Brain Complexity. A Computer s Inherent Dualism. Levels and Loops.
The Criticism from Microtubules and Quantum Computing
450
The Criticism from the Church-Turing Thesis
453
The Criticism from Failure Rates
456
The Criticism from Lock-In
457
The Criticism from Ontology: Can a Computer Be Conscious?
458
Kurzweiľs
Chinese Room.
The Criticism from the Rich-Poor Divide
469
The Criticism from the Likelihood of Government Regulation
470
The Unbearable Slowness of Social Institutions.
The Criticism from Theism
473
The Criticism from Holism
479
xiv
Contents
Epilogue
485
How Singular? Human Centrality.
Resources and Contact Information
489
Appendix: The Law of Accelerating Returns Revisited
491
Notes
497
Index
603
A radical and optimistic view of the future course of
human development by the best person I know at pre¬
dicting the future of artificial intelligence (Bill Gates).
At the onset of the twenty-first century, humanity stands on the verge of the most
transforming and thrilling period in its history. It will be an era in which the very
nature of what it means to be human will be both enriched and challenged as our
species breaks the shackles of its genetic legacy and achieves inconceivable
heights of intelligence, material progress, and longevity. While the social and
philosophical ramifications of these changes will be profound, and the threats
they pose considerable, celebrated futurist
Ray Kurzweil
presents a view of the
coming age that is both a dramatic culmination of centuries of technological
ingenuity and a genuinely inspiring vision of our ultimate destiny.
Artfully envisions a breathtakingly better world.
Elaborate, smart, and persuasive.
A pleasure to read.
-Los Angeles Times
-The Boston Globe
—The Wall Street Journal
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kurzweil, Ray 1948- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036476030 |
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| dewey-full | 153.9 303.49 |
| dewey-hundreds | 100 - Philosophy & psychology 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 153 - Conscious mental processes & intelligence 303 - Social processes |
| dewey-raw | 153.9 303.49 |
| dewey-search | 153.9 303.49 |
| dewey-sort | 3153.9 |
| dewey-tens | 150 - Psychology 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Technik Informatik Soziologie Psychologie Philosophie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV036476030 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:40:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0143037889 9780143037880 0670033847 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020347630 |
| oclc_num | 695700436 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 DE-525 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-860 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-11 DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 DE-525 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-860 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-11 DE-29 |
| physical | XVII, 652 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Penguin Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kurzweil, Ray 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)120761300 aut The singularity is near when humans transcend biology Ray Kurzweil New York, NY [u.a.] Penguin Books 2006 XVII, 652 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier A controversial scientific vision predicts a time in which humans and machines will merge and create a new form of non-biological intelligence, explaining how the occurrence will solve such issues as pollution, hunger, and aging. Brain Evolution Human evolution Genetics Nanotechnology Robotics Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd rswk-swf Zukunft (DE-588)4068097-6 gnd rswk-swf Entwicklung (DE-588)4113450-3 gnd rswk-swf Robotik (DE-588)4261462-4 gnd rswk-swf Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 gnd rswk-swf Wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4132508-4 gnd rswk-swf Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 gnd rswk-swf Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 s Wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4132508-4 s Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 s Entwicklung (DE-588)4113450-3 s DE-604 Robotik (DE-588)4261462-4 s Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 s Zukunft (DE-588)4068097-6 s b DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020347630&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020347630&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Kurzweil, Ray 1948- The singularity is near when humans transcend biology Brain Evolution Human evolution Genetics Nanotechnology Robotics Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd Zukunft (DE-588)4068097-6 gnd Entwicklung (DE-588)4113450-3 gnd Robotik (DE-588)4261462-4 gnd Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 gnd Wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4132508-4 gnd Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4033447-8 (DE-588)4068097-6 (DE-588)4113450-3 (DE-588)4261462-4 (DE-588)4020588-5 (DE-588)4132508-4 (DE-588)4327470-5 |
| title | The singularity is near when humans transcend biology |
| title_auth | The singularity is near when humans transcend biology |
| title_exact_search | The singularity is near when humans transcend biology |
| title_full | The singularity is near when humans transcend biology Ray Kurzweil |
| title_fullStr | The singularity is near when humans transcend biology Ray Kurzweil |
| title_full_unstemmed | The singularity is near when humans transcend biology Ray Kurzweil |
| title_short | The singularity is near |
| title_sort | the singularity is near when humans transcend biology |
| title_sub | when humans transcend biology |
| topic | Brain Evolution Human evolution Genetics Nanotechnology Robotics Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd Zukunft (DE-588)4068097-6 gnd Entwicklung (DE-588)4113450-3 gnd Robotik (DE-588)4261462-4 gnd Gesellschaft (DE-588)4020588-5 gnd Wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt (DE-588)4132508-4 gnd Nanotechnologie (DE-588)4327470-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Brain Evolution Human evolution Genetics Nanotechnology Robotics Künstliche Intelligenz Zukunft Entwicklung Robotik Gesellschaft Wissenschaftlich-technischer Fortschritt Nanotechnologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020347630&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020347630&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kurzweilray thesingularityisnearwhenhumanstranscendbiology |