Natural hazards, unnatural disasters: the economics of effective prevention
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, D.C.
World Bank [u.a.]
2010
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 254 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0821380508 9780821380505 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Natural hazards, unnatural disasters |b the economics of effective prevention |c The World Bank and the United Nations |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804142971281473536 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Natural hazards, UnNatural disasters
Autor:
Jahr: 2010
Contents
Acknowledgments xv
MEMORANDUM TO A CONCERNED FINANCE
MINISTER xix
Overview 1
1. Fluctuating Deaths, Rising Damages-
the Numbers 23
3.3 million deaths in the 40 years to 2010 26
Disasters can strike anywhere 27
Damages are rising 27
More so in rich countries, less in poor 27
Small island economies are hit hard 29
Deaths expand Africa-damages shrink it 31
Multiple hazards, clustering in different ways 32
Spotlight 1 on Bangladesh: The antecedents of lives saved 34
2. Measuring Disasters Many Effects 41
Individuals over the edge 43
Conflicts: Cause or consequence? 48
Welfare falls, but what are the effects on output? And for how long? 52
Aggregate and sectoral effects on economie output and growth
in the long term 54
Measuring the damage: Twice over and half under? 57
Spotlight 2 on Turkey: Where civilizations and tectonic plates meet 64
3. Prevention by Individuals 69
Prevention, insurance, and coping: A simple framework 70
Prevention: Do individuals do enough? 72
Prices reflect hazard risks when land and real estate markets work 76
Improving individuals decisions: What can governments do? 84
Spotlight 3 on Haiti: Preventing Haiti s horrors 99
4. Prevention through Governments 105
How much do governments spend? 106
Who really decides government spending? 110
How to improve collective prevention measures 11-5
Spotlight 4 on Ethiopia: Deaths front droughts or Derg? 134
5. Insurance and Coping 141
Insurance: Useful if the premium is priced right 143
Should governments borrow, set aside funds, or buy insurance? 148
Quick and direct help for families 154
Spotlight 5 on the 2004 Tsunami: Warnings: The most effective
prevention? 164
6. Coming Game-Changers? Burgeoning Cities,
Climate Change, and Climate-lnduced
Catastrophes 169
Cities: Rising exposure 170
Climate change: Changing hazards, changing damages 174
Climate-related catastrophes: Deep-future disasters with a
global footprint 181
Connecting the three Cs: Cities, climate, catastrophes 186
MEMORANDUM TO A CONCERNED CITIZEN 191
Notes and References 199
Index 239
Boxes
1.1 The framework for the report 24
1.2 Understanding the terms in the report 25
1.3 Global natural hazard databases: Varied purposes,
varying details 26
2.1 Previous studies find a medley of effects of output and growth 53
2.2 Revenues and expenditures: Disasters fiscal consequences 61
3.1 Evaluating the costs and benefits of structural mitigation
measures 73
3.2 Assessing risk in Central America 86
3.3 Acentury sstrugglefor sound buildings in Italy 87
3.4 Building codes BC and their later kin 91
4.1 India and anti-drought funds 114
4.2 Valuing life: Worthless, priceless, or useless statistic? 117
4.3 WMO s 2006-07 country-level assessment 123
4.4 Communications to the community 125
4.5 The United States tries to identify critical infrastructure 126
4.6 Costs and benefits of mangroves or shrimp ponds on the
Thai coast 131
5.1 Catastrophe risk in insurance and financial markets 147
5.2 The World Bank s catastrophe risk deferred drawdown
option (CAT DDO) 150
5.3 Mobilizing Haiti s diaspora 157
6.1 Estimating additional damages from climate change-induced
tropical cyclones 176
6.2 Within country effects: The case of the United States 179
6.3 Estimating additional damages from climate change-induced
extreme events (other than tropical cyclones) 180
6.4 Geoengineering s potential and pitfalls 185
Fig ures
1 Number of countries that archive data for specific hazards 4
2 Property prices for comparable properties are higher in
locations farther from earthquake risk in Bogota 5
3 Underspending on maintenance implies an enormous
infrastructure rehabilitation backlog in Sub-Saharan Africa 7
4 Three modes of operation of the SMART Tunnel 7
5 The visible border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic 9
6 Disasters receive about a fifth of total humanitarian assistance 10
7 Private preventive measures pay 14
8 Post-disaster spending fluctuates more than pre-disaster
spending 17
9 Climate change shortens the return period of large storms 21
1.1 Deaths fluctuate-the number of people affected is on the rise 27
1.2 Disasters affect all regions 28
1.3 Disasters almost everywhere (1970-2010) 28
1.4 Droughts deadliest in Africa, earthquakes elsewhere 29
1.5 Damage on the rise in the last two decades (global damage
from hazards, 1970-2010) 29
1.6 More damage in rich countries, mostly from earthquakes
and storms 30
1.7 Many small island developing states are among the
25 countries with damages above 1 percent of GDP 30
2.1 Undernourished children become shorter adults 45
2.2 Post-traumatic stress reaction (PTSR) scores fall over time
in all tsunami-affected areas 47
2.3 A possible post-disaster GDP path 52
3.1 Private preventive measures pay 74
3.2 Property prices for comparable properties are higher in
locations farther from earthquake risk in Bogota 78
3.3 Corruption perception by industry 96
3.4 Debris embedded in a concrete support beam 97
3.5 Honeycombing showing shoddy construction 97
4.1 Post-disaster spending fluctuates more than pre-disaster
spending 107
4.2 Underspending on maintenance implies an enormous
infrastructure rehabilitation backlog in Sub-Saharan Africa 108
4.3 Per capita spending is greater for physical capital 109
4.4 Vietnam s recurrent spending is a low and declining share
of total transport expenditure 110
4.5 Presidential disaster declarations: Peaks often coincide with
presidential election years 112
4.6 Increasing the accuracy of weather forecasts 119
4.7 Internationally coordinated network of WMO and 189
national meteorological and hydrological services 120
4.8 Coordinating data collection is complex: A section of the
Global Telecommunication System (for Europe) to
share data and warnings 122
4.9 Three modes of operation of the SMART Tunnel 127
5.1 Managing and transferring financial risks to the market 149
5.2 OECD remittance recipients in Ghana have sturdier
housing and better communication amenities 156
5.3 International remittance recipients in Ethiopia are less
likely to depend on food aid or sell productive assets
during food shortages 156
5.4 Timeline of key events in the Hom of Africa drought in
2005-06 160
5.5 Disasters receive about a fifth of total humanitarian
assistance 163
6.1 Current (2008) and projected (2100) damages from extreme
events without climate change 175
6.2 Climate change shortens the return period of large storms 178
6.3 Greater Jakarta area orographic map with rainfall regime 188
6.4 Fifteen years of urbanization in Jakarta, before and after 188
Maps
1 Deaths shrink Asia and the Americas-but expand Africa 11
2 Damages shrink Africa but expand middle-income countries 12
3 Exposure to cyclones and earthquakes in large cities may rise
from 680 million people in 2000 to 1.5 billion people
by 2050 20
1.1 Deaths shrink Asia and the Americas-but expand Africa 31
1.2 Damages shrink Africa but expand middle-income countries 31
1.3 Where hazards have struck 33
3.1 An earthquake risk index for Bogota 82
3.2 Poor people live closer to hazard-prone areas in Bogota 83
4.1 Red dots indicate where few, if any, synoptic weather
observations are being received 121
5.1 The Caribbean region-in harm s way 151
6.1 Cities projected to have more than 100,000 people by the
year2050 171
6.2 Exposure to cyclones and earthquakes in large cities may
rise from 680 million people in 2000 to 1.5 billion people
by2050 172
Tables
2.1 Stunted children have lower cognitive scores 46
2.2 Civil war, rainfall, and the rule of law 51
2.3 Growth effect of a typical (median) disaster 55
2.4 Growth effect of a typical (median) severe disaster 56
3.1 Individuals and governments prevent, insure, and cope
with disasters 71
4.1 Natural hazards and protection 129
5.1 Post-disaster safety nets are common 161
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| spelling | Natural hazards, unnatural disasters the economics of effective prevention The World Bank and the United Nations Washington, D.C. World Bank [u.a.] 2010 XX, 254 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Prävention (DE-588)4076308-0 gnd rswk-swf Katastrophenmanagement (DE-588)4447164-6 gnd rswk-swf Naturkatastrophe (DE-588)4041387-1 gnd rswk-swf Naturkatastrophe (DE-588)4041387-1 s Prävention (DE-588)4076308-0 s DE-604 Katastrophenmanagement (DE-588)4447164-6 s Weltbank Sonstige (DE-588)121364-7 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-8213-8141-0 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020345484&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Natural hazards, unnatural disasters the economics of effective prevention Prävention (DE-588)4076308-0 gnd Katastrophenmanagement (DE-588)4447164-6 gnd Naturkatastrophe (DE-588)4041387-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076308-0 (DE-588)4447164-6 (DE-588)4041387-1 |
| title | Natural hazards, unnatural disasters the economics of effective prevention |
| title_auth | Natural hazards, unnatural disasters the economics of effective prevention |
| title_exact_search | Natural hazards, unnatural disasters the economics of effective prevention |
| title_full | Natural hazards, unnatural disasters the economics of effective prevention The World Bank and the United Nations |
| title_fullStr | Natural hazards, unnatural disasters the economics of effective prevention The World Bank and the United Nations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural hazards, unnatural disasters the economics of effective prevention The World Bank and the United Nations |
| title_short | Natural hazards, unnatural disasters |
| title_sort | natural hazards unnatural disasters the economics of effective prevention |
| title_sub | the economics of effective prevention |
| topic | Prävention (DE-588)4076308-0 gnd Katastrophenmanagement (DE-588)4447164-6 gnd Naturkatastrophe (DE-588)4041387-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Prävention Katastrophenmanagement Naturkatastrophe |
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