Media, culture and society: an introduction
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Los Angeles [u.a.]
Sage
2011
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | X, 320 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781412920537 9781412920520 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of illustrations
xi
Acknowledgements
xii
1
Introduction
1
Introduction
1
Media, culture, society
1
Starting points: shaping, mirroring and representing
4
The communication process
6
Transmitters, receivers and noise
7
Who says what...? and other questions
8
Linear and one-dimensional
9
Elements of media in socio-cultural context
10
Media, power and control
13
Media, identity and culture
13
Making connections
14
PART
1
ELEMENTS OF MEDIA
17
2
Media Technologies
19
Introduction
19
Contrasting medium theories
20
McLuhan: the medium is the message
20
Kill your television
22
Technological determinism
26
Hot, cool or both?
26
Generalization and
reifica
tion
28
Technologies and social contexts
29
Capacities and constraints
31
Into the digital age
32
Convergence
33
Interactivity
34
Mobility
35
The Internet: a cure for social ills?
35
Conclusion: technologies in context
38
MEDIA, CULTURE
&
SOCIETY
3
Media
Industry
40
Introduction
40
Media
organizations
41
Commercial
ownership
42
Concentration of ownership
=
concentration of ideas?
45
The bottom line: sources of revenue
46
Advertising revenue
46
Direct audience payments
47
Payments between media companies
47
Maximizing audiences
48
The role of sponsors
50
Governments and regulation
52
Access restrictions
52
Ownership restrictions
53
Content regulation
54
Deregulation
55
Supporting the industry: copyright
56
Conclusion: economic determinism?
57
4
Media Content
60
Introduction
60
Media texts as arrangements of signs
61
Signs as arbitrary?
62
Levels of meaning
63
Signs as relational
65
Uncovering mythology
67
Limitations of semiology
68
Narrative, genre and discourse analysis
70
Narrative analysis
70
Genre analysis
71
Discourse analysis
72
From quality to quantity: content analysis
74
Systematic, objective and quantitative
74
Categories and coding
75
Population and sample
76
Case study: Gerbner and television violence
77
Limitations of content analysis
78
Conclusion: putting texts into context
79
5
Media Users
82
Introduction
82
US empirical traditions of audience research
83
Effects research
83
CONTENTS
Limited effects and two-step flow
87
Uses and gratifications
89
Functionalist and complacent?
90
Cultural studies: dominant and oppositional readings
92
Encoding, decoding and preferred meanings
92
Social context and differential readings
93
Audiences as cultural producers
95
Ethnographies of audiences, fans and users
97
Conclusion: an uncritical celebration?
99
PART
2
MEDIA, POWER AND CONTROL
103
6
Media as Manipulation? Marxism and Ideology
105
Introduction
105
Marxism and ideology: basics
106
The culture industry as mass deception
107
Unsupported elitism?
110
Ideological meanings
112
Beyond Marx s materialism
112
Case study: consumerist myths
114
Political economy and ideology
118
Manufacturing consent
118
Cultural imperialism as globalization of ideology
120
Arguments and criticisms
122
Political economic versus cultural approaches
122
Complex communication flows and consumer resistance
123
Conclusion: avoiding easy dismissals
125
7
The Construction of News
127
Introduction
127
Selection, gatekeeping and agenda setting
129
News values
129
Case study: September 11th
2001 134
Constructing stories
135
Differences between news providers
138
Medium
138
Style and market position
139
Political stance
140
Similarities: back to bias and ideology?
140
Class bias
141
Institutional bias
142
Infotainment and depoliticization
144
Conclusion: bad news?
146
viii
MEDIA, CULTURE
&
SOCIETY
8
Public Service or Personal Entertainment?
Controlling Media Orientation
150
Introduction
150
Public service broadcasting (PSB)
151
Reith and the BBC
151
Differing PSB arrangements
153
Developing PSB principles
154
Enabling or imposing?
155
Censorship: preventing harm and offence
158
Avoiding majority (and minority) offence
158
Pornography
160
Violence
161
Preventing harm or inhibiting freedom?
161
Commercial competition and consumer choice
164
Neo-liberal approaches
165
US broadcasting: a free market model
166
A toaster with pictures: the decline of regulation
167
Conclusion: a rosy commercial future?
170
9
Decline of the National Public: Commercialization,
Fragmentation and Globalization
173
Introduction
173
Media and the public sphere
174
Habermas
public sphere
174
Media and public engagement
175
Nation as imagined community
177
Decline of the public sphere
180
From facilitators to shapers
180
Commercially driven content
181
Digital dilution of the nation
183
Fragmentation
183
Globalization
- 184
The Internet: interactive but fragmented
186
Conclusion: national public
-
good riddance?
190
PART
3
MEDIA, IDENTITY AND CULTURE
195
10
Media, Ethnicity and Diaspora
197
Introduction
197
Racism and exclusion
198
Representation
200
Under-representation
200
CONTENTS
Stereotypical representations
201
The reproduction of subordination
203
Promoting positive images
204
Reversing stereotypes of passivity
205
Successful, well-adjusted, integrated
206
The burden of representation
208
New ethnicities and diaspora
209
New ethnicities
209
Diaspora
210
Representing diaspora
211
Audience segregation
212
Newspapers, video and global Bollywood
213
Digital specialization
214
Online diaspora
215
Conclusion: empowerment or ghettoization?
216
11
Media, Gender and Sexuality
219
Introduction
219
Constructions of femininity
220
Female marginalization
220
The male gaze
221
Patriarchal romance and domesticity
222
Post-feminist independence?
223
The enduring gaze
224
Elitist critics?
227
Empowering possibilities
229
Reading the romance
229
Subversive pleasures?
230
From consumers to producers
232
Remaining critical
233
Media and masculinities
234
Masculinity or masculinities?
234
Lads mags and contradictory representations
236
Beyond heterosexuality
237
Conclusion: a balanced approach
241
12
Media Communities: Subcultures, Fans and Identity Groups
243
Introduction
243
Media versus community
244
Homogenization and atomization
244
Resisting mass culture (and media): youth subcultures
246
Moral panic and mass media stigmatization
248
MEDIA, CULTURE
&
SOCIETY
Targeting community
250
Local
media
250
Niche magazines
and consumer groupings
252
Niche
digital
media
255
DIY
media and Internet
communication
256
Fanzines
256
Online
micro-communication
257
Virtual
community
258
Communities or individuals?
259
Conclusion: all about definitions?
261
13
Saturation, Fluidity and Loss of Meaning
265
Introduction
265
Saturation as loss of meaning
266
Consumerism: expansion and speed-up
266
Information overload
267
Media
=
reality
269
From truth, to ideology, to simulacra
270
Celebrity culture as
hyperreal 271
Identity: fragmentation and fluidity
273
Recycling and pastiche
273
The Internet as virtual playground
275
Simulated identity?
275
Internet as extension of everyday life
278
Case study: social networking sites
279
Conclusion: saturated but real?
281
Glossary
285
References
300
Index
312
Clearly organized, systematic and combining a critical survey of the field with a finely
judged assessment of cutting-edge developments, this book provides a must have
contribution to media and communication studies.
Focused on the intense and complex relationships between media, culture and society,
the text is organized into three distinctive parts, which fall neatly into research,
teaching and learning requirements: Elements of the Media (which covers media
technologies, the media industry, media content and media users); Media, Power and
Control (which includes questions of media and manipulation, the construction of news,
public service broadcasting, censorship, commercialization and the public sphere);
and Media, Identity and Culture [which includes questions of media and ethnicity, gender
and sexuality, fans and communities, and the media saturation of everyday life).
The book is notable for:
->
Logical and coherent organization
->
Fair-minded criticism
->
Clarity of expression
->
Zestful analysis
->
Use of relevant examples
This dynamic, engaging book is a core introductory text for
0Ę-
Media
&
Communication studies.
л,
|
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| language | English |
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| title | Media, culture and society an introduction |
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