O człowieku, który się nie zgadzał: biografia pułkownika Januarego Grzędzińskiego 1891 - 1975
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Polish |
Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Wydawn. Neriton [u.a.]
2009
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Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1. |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Rezension |
Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. u. franz. Sprache u.d.T.: About a man who did not agree |
Beschreibung: | 484 s. il. - Ill. 24 cm. |
ISBN: | 9788375431001 |
Internformat
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a O człowieku, który się nie zgadzał |b biografia pułkownika Januarego Grzędzińskiego 1891 - 1975 |c Agnieszka J. Cieślikowa |
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264 | 1 | |a Warszawa |b Wydawn. Neriton [u.a.] |c 2009 | |
300 | |a 484 s. |b il. - Ill. |c 24 cm. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. u. franz. Sprache u.d.T.: About a man who did not agree | ||
600 | 1 | 7 | |a Grze̜dziński, January |d 1891-1975 |0 (DE-588)142370185 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804142923286052864 |
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adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
KIM
BYŁ CZŁOWIEK, KTÓRY SIĘ NIE ZGADZAŁ?
..............5
Biogramy i wzmianki
................................
Idees
forces
.....................................
Spuścizna
Januarego
Grzędzińskiego
........................
Zasób źródeł
.....................................
Problemy biografii
..................................
.................26
.....27
Rozdział
I. ENFANT
TERRIBLE
(1891-1908)....................
26
Korzenie
....................................
28
Turkiestan
......................................
32
Rewolucja
......................................
Krakowski sezon polityczny
............................
Rozdział
II.
PARYŻ POLITYCZNY I AERONAUTYCZNY
(1908-1914) 41
Medycyna
......................................
Skrzydła
.......................................
^
Szkoła lotnicza
...................................„
Filarecja i Kabarecja
................................
,^
Szkolenie strzeleckie
................................, ,
Spotkanie z Andrzejem Strugiem
..........................,„
Plany zawodowe
...................................
¿.
Wojenna podróż do Krakowa
............................
Rozdział III. NA WOJNIE Z MOIM POKOLENIEM
(1914-1921)
ţ>3
Wołyń
........................................
7¡
Śmierć ułana
....................................-.,
Aresztowanie
....................................
74
LotnictWO W teorii
.................................
ng
Konspiracja
.....................................«,
Adiutant Marszałka
.................................
82
Pokolenie
.....................................
482
^p
Rozdział
IV.
POLITYKA LOTNICZA
(1921-1926) 84
Misja w Paryżu
.................................. 85
Powrót do lotnictwa
................................ 87
Aero-KJub i lotnictwo cywilne
.......................... 88
Prasa lotnicza
................................... 93
Lotnicze konwencje i zjazdy
........................... 97
Liga
........................................ 99
Frankopol i
Dowództwo Lotnictwa
........................ 106
Przesilenie w
LOPP
................................
ΠΙ
Starcie z generałem
................................
H5
Rozdział
V.
BITWA NA TORACH (maj
1926
roku)
................120
Rozdział
VI.
KARIERA W PIECHOCIE
(1926-1937)...............128
Pułk w Brodnicy
.................................. 130
Prasa i polityka lokalna
.............................. 131
Pułk w stolicy
................................... 137
Pułkownik
..................................... 141
Publicysta
..................................... 144
Rozdział
VII.
PRYWATNA LEWICA GRZĘDZIŃSKIEGO
(1937-1939) .... 149
Rozczarowania Andrzeja Struga
.........................151
Krystyn Ostroga
..................................153
Anty-OZN
.....................................158
Narodziny tygodnika
...............................163
Opozycjonista w armii
..............................173
Znowu Paryż
...................................178
Śmierć pisarza
...................................183
Dyskusja demokratów
...............................185
„Czarno na białem
................................197
Ostroga, Turoń, Jaskołd
................................207
Klub Demokratyczny
...............................208
Czechy i Witos
..................................216
Wybory samorządowe w Warszawie
.......................220
„Świat i Polska w Paryżu
............................222
Stronnictwo Demokratyczne
...........................226
Udział komunistów w KD i SD
..........................228
Polityk
.......................................229
Zjazd Stronnictwa Demokratycznego
.......................231
Zjazd Pokoju w
Maison de la Chimie
......................234
Gorące lato
....................................236
Jednolity front
...................................239
Rozdział
VIII.
WOJNA NA DYSTANS
(1939-1945)................251
Wrzesień w Paryżu
..............................252
W Koczkodanie
........ . 253
Spis
tresei
483
„Polska Walcząca
.................................255
Odejście z
Coëtquidan
..............................258
„Czarno na białem
-
„Noir sur
Blanc
.....................261
Paryski czerwiec
..................................266
Misja dyplomatyczna
...............................268
Afrykański brzeg
.................................272
Obozy
.......................................284
Po operacji
„Torch
................................291
„Lubelski minister
................................295
Rozdział
IX.
NIEBO NAD MAGHREBEM
(1945-1956).............298
Powojenne spotkania i rozstania
.........................299
Wśród marokańskiej Polonii
...........................302
Pierwszorzędna platforma lotnicza
........................310
Amerykańskie plany
................................314
Touria Chaoui
...................................316
Propaganda powrotowa
..............................317
Rozdział
X.
KILKA LAT POWODZENIA
(1956-1964)..............320
Ekspert od Maroka
................................321
Klub Krzywego Koła
...............................323
„Czarno na białem po raz trzeci?
........................324
Polskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Maghrebu
....................332
Literatura egzotyczna
...............................335
Stosunki z SD czyli żywy kłopotliwy zabytek
..................337
Człowiek z legitymacją
..............................338
Lotnictwo po raz ostatni
.............................339
Krytyczna
apologia
krytyka
............................341
Przyjaźń sterowana
................................344
Życie literata czyli umowy wydawnicze
.....................345
Wspomnienia
...................................350
Brak paszportu
..................................351
Niezadowolenie
..................................352
Kto jest kombatantem
...............................^55
Rozdział
XI.
„POCZUCIE SWEGO RODZAJU BEZKARNOŚCI
(1964-1970)....................................
359
Chochołowe wspomnienia
............................
List
34.......................................
363
Sankcje po Liście
34...............................
369
Sprawa Ketlinga-Szemleya i trzech potępionych pisarzy
............ 376
Zawieszenie postępowania
............................
3
Nagonka przekracza granice
...........................
Działać mimo wszystko
..............................
3
Klub Ognisko
(1962-1966)............................
386
Towarzystwo Kultury Moralnej
..........................
484
Spis treści
Współpraca z „Kulturą
.............................. 394
Bezrobotny bez paszportu
............................ 396
Opowieści Ojca Wirgiliusza
........................... 397
„Dziady
..................................... 401
Nowa kampania prasowa przeciwko trzem pisarzom
.............. 405
„Urząd Prokuratorski daje wyraz swym wątpliwościom
............ 409
Umorzenie „sprawy Grzędzińskiego
...................... 411
Rozdział
XII.
OSTATNIE NADZIEJE
(1971-1975)................ 413
BILANS ŻYCIA
.................................... 418
Syr-Daryjskaja obłast , Kraków, Paryż
...................... 419
Legiony i lotnictwo
................................ 420
Wojsko
...................................... 421
Opozycja w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej
...................... 422
Powojnie
..................................... 424
Widok z Maghrebu
................................ 426
Starcie z systemem
................................ 427
Cenzura jako system
............................... 429
Cat
i Grzędziński
................................. 430
Człowiek niespełniony
.............................. 431
Dwójkarz
..................................... 433
BIBLIOGRAFIA
................................... 436
RESUME
........................................ 451
SUMMARY
...................................... 455
WYKAZ SKRÓTÓW
................................. 459
INDEKS OSÓB
.................................... 462
SPIS ILUSTRACJI
.................................. 479
SUMMARY
About a man who did not agree
A Biography of Colonel January
Grzędziński,
1891-1975
January
Grzędziński
was one of the first Polish aviation engineers, a graduate of the
Parisian
École supérieure d aéronautique et de construction mécanique,
soldier of the
Polish Legions, adjutant to Marshal
Józef Piłsudski
at the Belvedere, co-founder of a mass
social organisation called The Airborne and
Antigas
Defence League
(Liga Obrony Powie¬
trznej i Przeciwgazowej);
participant of the May
Coup d État
of
1926,
commander of an
infantry regiment, a leading publicist and in the
1
930s publisher of an opposition weekly,
a camp prisoner in Africa, editor of an aviation periodical in French published in
Morocco.
He was of the generation of Poles who entered the independent Poland of
1918
car¬
rying the burden of experience not only of the war, but also the previous revolutionary
activities; with the education received already before the war, but with the youthful en¬
thusiasm to work in the reborn Polish state.
January
Konstanty Grzędziński
was born in Lublin in
1891
as the oldest son of
lawyer
Józef Grzędziński
and
Bolesława
née Filipowicz.
His childhood and middle-school
years he spent in Tashkent, where in
1906-1907
he met with a conspiratory activity of
the revolutionary youth. He was imprisoned in a tsarist prison for participating in publica¬
tion and distribution of an illegal paper. Having fled police oppression in Tashkent, he
spent some time in Krakow, where as an auditing student he attended lectures at
Jagel¬
loman
University. He became closer with the Polish Socialist Party
{Polska
Partia
Socja¬
listyczna)
and was fascinated with socialist ideas in its Polish form of independence.
In Paris
Grzędziński
took up medical studies, but soon afterwards he changed his
mind and went to the
École supérieure d aéronautique et de construction mécanique.
While
still in
Paris,
he completed the instructor courses in the Riflemen s Association
(Związek
Strzelecki),
1911-1913.
He participated in political life of the Poles in Paris and maintained
contacts with the Russian emigration.
The outbreak of the First World War surprised him in England, where he was to
undergo training in the Sopwith Aviation Company. After he managed to reach Krakow,
Grzędziński
entered the Polish legions. On December 6th,
1914,
he was wounded in bat¬
tle, and after convalescence he was assigned to the Legions 4th Infantry Regiment. He
wrote as war correspondent for the
Wiadomości Polskie
(
Polish News
)■
In April
1916
he was promoted to second lieutenant, and on December 20th,
1914,
was arrested under
the charge of mutiny in the form of an action organised in the 4th Infantry Regiment to
456
Summary
leave the army in protest of dismissal of commanding officer Pilsudski. He spent over
one month in a prison at Lublin but due to a brilliant defence of his solicitor, member of
parliament in Vienna Herman Lieberman, he was released, in
1917
in Warsaw
Grzędziński
participated in the organisation of the first aviation courses of the Aviata Association. He
lectured on aerodynamics. He also took part in the activities of the Polish Military Or¬
ganisation
{Polska Organizacja Wojskowa)
in the
Zamość
region and in Kiev.
In the autumn of
1918
January
Grzędziński
was assigned to the adjutancy general of
the commander in chief; later on he finally moved to the air force. He held, among other
things, a position of an aviation officer in the General Inspectorate of Technical Military
Force, a head of the Aviation Section in the Department III of the Ministry of Military
Affairs. He founded a periodical Lot ( Flight ), and after it collapsed
-
a new one,
entitled Lot
Polski
{ Flight of Poland ), published from
1923
to
1939.
Grzędziński
was a co-founder of a mass social organisation called The Airborne and
Antigas
Defence League and to
1926
its general secretary.
In
1926
Grzędziński
took an active part in the May
Coup d État
at the side of Marshal
Pilsudski. Soon afterwards, due to a conflict with his superior he left the air forces, yet
he still served in the Polish Army, in the infantry, where he finally became a commander
of an infantry regiment in Warsaw.
Grzędziński
was a professed follower of
Piłsudski
and till the death of the latter he
did not criticise the policy pursued by
Piïsudski s Camp,
while criticising in the following
years the rule of the
Sanacja
Camp, he always clearly contrasted it with Pilsudski s po¬
litical activity. His second authority, besides
Piłsudski,
was writer
Andrzej
Strug, from
1929
a husband of his only sister
Eleonora
called Nelly. He also remained faithful to
Strug s ideals and memory till his death.
Soon after
Piłsudski
s
death
Grzędziński
went over to the opposition to the governing
camp, despite the fact that a majority of the leading
Sanacja
politicians were his former
friends from the Polish Legions and Polish Military Organisation. Still an active duty
officer, he established an opposition weekly
Czarno nabiałem
(
Black on White ) where
he was an author of ca. ten percent of the texts himself and published the articles by
publicists representing a broad spectrum of the left, including communists.
To publish an opposition weekly and to serve military duty was at the same time was
impossible, so on March 31st,
1938,
Grzędziński
was retired from the army at his own
request. From that time on, he totally devoted himself to the editorial, journalistic and
political activities. He was one of the founders of the Warsaw s Democratic Club, was
a councillor of the city of Warsaw, member of the Programmatic Council of a being or¬
ganised Democratic Party.
The
Czarno na białem
weekly, after some initial editorial problems became one of
the leading opposition periodical, reaching fairly high for the publishing relations of those
times circulation figures {ca.
16,000
copies in
1938).
The weekly devoted much of its
attention to the war in Spain and a threat to Czechoslovakia. The publishing success made
it possible for
Grzędziński
to develop his publishing plans; he started to publish another
paper
-
in Paris, edited by Herman Lieberman
Świat i Polska
(
The World and Poland ),
he proposed to form a legion to defend Czechoslovakia, and wanted to organise an inter¬
national press concern.
September of
1939
surprised
Grzędziński
in Paris. Immediately, he returned to the
army and began to work on the organisation of military units of the Polish Army in France.
Summary
457
He was the first commanding officer of the Polish Army Training Camp in
Coëtquidan
(near
Rennes).
There was published
-
again with Grzedzinski s cooperation
-
one of the
most important papers of the Polish military emigration during World War
ÍI
-
Polska
Walcząca
( Fighting Poland ).
Before long,
Grzedziński
managed to revive the publication of
Czarno na białem
in Paris. The paper published mostly texts by representatives of leftist and liberal groups.
Soon, his publicist activity soon caused serious disagreements with the Polish au¬
thorities on emigration. He was entrusted with the mission to recruit volunteers for the
Polish Army in South America. He did not, however, reach South America.
Due to a quick and unexpected development of the war course and defeat of France
the ship with January
Grzedziński
on board called at Casablanca. There
Grzedziński
was
stuck for many years, initially in an internment camp and even at slave labour in a quar¬
ry. His many attempts to get out of Morocco failed. The Polish military authorities trans¬
ferred him to inactive duty.
After the war
Grzedziński
stayed in emigration. In
1947-1949
he was president of
the Polish Reading Room in Rabat, and participated in the cultural life of Polish emigra¬
tion in Morocco. He returned to his trade of aviation engineer; associated himself with
a local flying club
Ailes
Cherifiennes and published a small paper
Carnet de Vol
(later
on, the title was changed to
En Vol ).
When in
1956
he heard the news of the October s changes in Poland, he returned to
the country. Initially, everything went well and looked good. Sixty-six-year-old
Grzedziński
threw himself into literary and social activity with a great energy. He was granted a spe¬
cial pension as a meritorious editor of the leftist
Czarno na białem
which he tried
-
unsuccessfully
-
to revive. He published three travel books
(Maroko kraj kontrastów
-
Morocco: a Country of Contrasts, Warsaw
1957;
Pasterz z gór
-
A Herdsman from the
Atlas Mountains, Warsaw
1959;
Algieria z daleka i z bliska ~
Algeria from Afar and from
Close Up, Warsaw
1960)
and numerous articles both about the Maghreb, and history of
democratic movement. He began to write and publish in
Świat
( The World ) his se¬
rial memories, and had agreements for publication of his other books with several other
publishers. He joined the membership of the Union of Polish Writers and Association of
Polish Journalists.
Before long, however, he entered into conflict both with the censorship and publish¬
ers, and the political leadership of the Polish People s Republic. He could not reconcile
himself to the fact that he was forbidden to leave the country. Soon, in the Warsaw liter¬
ary community he became to be known for his controversial statements, hostile to the
present reality , especially after a letter of protest of Polish writers, known as the Letter
34
(which, by the way, he was not a signatory of).
The Security Service of the Polish People s Republic instituted against
Grzedziński
proceedings, formally because of passing on
ofinformation
in a letter to his ex-wife. Then,
he was interrogated and searched several times, the publication of his books was sus¬
pended, including his memories of the
1930s.
After the first reprisals in Poland,
Grzedziński
began to publish abroad. There appeared
in Paris a reissue of his book on the May
Coup d État
(May
1926,
1st
ed.
Warsaw
1937,
2nd
ed.
Paris
1965).
In Parisian
Kultura
( Culture ) he published his articles on the
situation in Poland, especially on the Polish literature and censorship, signed with his full
name. The correspondence control intercepted his next texts sent to be published in the
458
Summary
West.
Grzędziński
was subjected to psychiatric examination and there were attempts to
place him in a closed mental institution. Despite persecutions and the deterioration of his
health,
Grzędziński
tried to write, he was putting down his reminiscences, taking notes.
The attempts of the security authorities to intimidate him failed, but time did its job, and
both his health and memory refused to obey.
Grzędziński
died in Warsaw on February
26th,
1975.
A biography of this unreconciled with a political reality soldier, engineer and political
commentary journalist is not only a colourful story about the life of a Pole faithful to his
democratic views. It inscribes into the broader historical process of choices and disap¬
pointments of the Polish leftist intelligentsia.
First revolutionary emotion of the Revolution of
1905
had definitely shaped the opin¬
ions of January
Grzędziński
-
he always declared himself as a socialist, revolutionist, and
above all, simply as a democrat. When he edited the
Czarno na białem
and was active
in the Democratic Clubs
(1937-1939),
he was clearly inclined toward the circles of left¬
ist, communizing intelligentsia; it can not be assumed, however, that he wholly identified
with it. When after his prolonged emigration, during the war and afterwards, he returned
to Poland, it could have seemed for a while that his views went well together with the
after-October changes in the country. Yet, in the
1960s
it was not
Grzędziński
who changed
his views
-
it was the politics in Poland that disappointed him again, after the October
watershed.
In the history of aviation, history of press or political history of 20th-century Poland
January
Grzędziński
did not play a leading role, but quite a significant one. Many a time
he could have had an impact on various events. The turns of history changed the political
scene before he managed to reach a foreground, to achieve his objectives.
Thus, the balance of the over eighty-years life of January
Grzędziński
is not impres¬
sive: his greatest merits and achievements are forgotten, while he went down in history
for his participation in the May Coup, participation in the formation of democratic move¬
ment in
1937-1939
and his opposition to the control system of culture in the Polish
People s Republic.
Translated by
Grażyna Waluga
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Cieślikowa, Agnieszka J. 1964- |
author_GND | (DE-588)1150303808 |
author_facet | Cieślikowa, Agnieszka J. 1964- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Cieślikowa, Agnieszka J. 1964- |
author_variant | a j c aj ajc |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV036440891 |
callnumber-first | D - World History |
callnumber-label | DK4420 |
callnumber-raw | DK4420.G796 |
callnumber-search | DK4420.G796 |
callnumber-sort | DK 44420 G796 |
callnumber-subject | DK - Russia, Soviet Union, Former Soviet Republics, Poland |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)705484378 (DE-599)BVBBV036440891 |
edition | Wyd. 1. |
format | Book |
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genre | (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content |
genre_facet | Biografie |
id | DE-604.BV036440891 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:39:29Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9788375431001 |
language | Polish |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020313245 |
oclc_num | 705484378 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 |
owner_facet | DE-12 |
physical | 484 s. il. - Ill. 24 cm. |
publishDate | 2009 |
publishDateSearch | 2009 |
publishDateSort | 2009 |
publisher | Wydawn. Neriton [u.a.] |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Cieślikowa, Agnieszka J. 1964- Verfasser (DE-588)1150303808 aut O człowieku, który się nie zgadzał biografia pułkownika Januarego Grzędzińskiego 1891 - 1975 Agnieszka J. Cieślikowa Wyd. 1. Warszawa Wydawn. Neriton [u.a.] 2009 484 s. il. - Ill. 24 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. u. franz. Sprache u.d.T.: About a man who did not agree Grze̜dziński, January 1891-1975 (DE-588)142370185 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Grze̜dziński, January 1891-1975 (DE-588)142370185 p DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020313245&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020313245&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Rezension |
spellingShingle | Cieślikowa, Agnieszka J. 1964- O człowieku, który się nie zgadzał biografia pułkownika Januarego Grzędzińskiego 1891 - 1975 Grze̜dziński, January 1891-1975 (DE-588)142370185 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)142370185 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
title | O człowieku, który się nie zgadzał biografia pułkownika Januarego Grzędzińskiego 1891 - 1975 |
title_auth | O człowieku, który się nie zgadzał biografia pułkownika Januarego Grzędzińskiego 1891 - 1975 |
title_exact_search | O człowieku, który się nie zgadzał biografia pułkownika Januarego Grzędzińskiego 1891 - 1975 |
title_full | O człowieku, który się nie zgadzał biografia pułkownika Januarego Grzędzińskiego 1891 - 1975 Agnieszka J. Cieślikowa |
title_fullStr | O człowieku, który się nie zgadzał biografia pułkownika Januarego Grzędzińskiego 1891 - 1975 Agnieszka J. Cieślikowa |
title_full_unstemmed | O człowieku, który się nie zgadzał biografia pułkownika Januarego Grzędzińskiego 1891 - 1975 Agnieszka J. Cieślikowa |
title_short | O człowieku, który się nie zgadzał |
title_sort | o czlowieku ktory sie nie zgadzal biografia pulkownika januarego grzedzinskiego 1891 1975 |
title_sub | biografia pułkownika Januarego Grzędzińskiego 1891 - 1975 |
topic | Grze̜dziński, January 1891-1975 (DE-588)142370185 gnd |
topic_facet | Grze̜dziński, January 1891-1975 Biografie |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020313245&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020313245&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT cieslikowaagnieszkaj oczłowiekuktorysieniezgadzałbiografiapułkownikajanuaregogrzedzinskiego18911975 |