Lietuvos bajorų savivalda: XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje
Mit engl. Zusammenfass.
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Lithuanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Vilnius
LII Leidykla
2003
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Zusammenfassung: | Mit engl. Zusammenfass. |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Self-rule of the Lithuanian nobility in the first half of the nineteenth century |
| Beschreibung: | 374 S., [8] Bl. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9986780551 |
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| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Self-rule of the Lithuanian nobility in the first half of the nineteenth century | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a Mit engl. Zusammenfass. | |
| 648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1800-1900 | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1800-1850 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1820595821762052096 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
TURINYS
ţVADAS
I
5
Вајогц
savivaldos
instituto
pobudiš I
5
Lietuvos
bajoru,
savivaldos istoriografija I
7
Tikslas
ir
uždaviniai I
16
Tyrimo
šaltíniai
I
17
SEIMELIAI
-
BAJORU
SUSIRINKIMAI I
25
Seimelią
kompetencija,
гіпкітц
cenzas,
renkamoji
tarnyba I
25
Normos ir
papročiai I
42
Seimeliq pageidavimai
-
dialogas
su
valdžia I
66
SEIMELIAI,
VALDŽIA
IR
BAJORU
VISUOMENÈ
I
99
Беітеііц
vidaus gyvenimas, santykiai su
valdžia
I
99
Вајогц
savimonés atsispindéjimas seimeliu kalbose
I
112
Apsísvietusios visuomenés poziüris \
bajora
seimelius
I
125
1817
m. VILNIAUS GUBERNIJOS
BAJORU SEIMELIS
I
141
BAJORU
DEPUTACIJA
-
BAJORU DEPUTATU
SUSIRINKIMAS
I
159
Вајогц
kilmés tikrinimas
XVIII
a. pabaigoje
- XIX
a. 3-iajame
dešimtmetyje
I
159
Вајогц
luomo
transformacija
XIX
a. 4-ajame
dešimtmetyje
-
7-ojo
dešimtmečio
viduryje I
171
MARŠALAI
-
BAJORV
VADOVAI I
191
Вајогц
vadovia institucijos bruožai
І
191
Вајогц
vadovo kolektyvinis portretas I
207
BAJORU
SAVIVALDOS
FINANSINÈ
IR
GLOBOS
FUNKCIJA I
225
Bajorai ir vietinis
biudžetas I
225
Вајогц
turto
priežiura I
251
IŠVADOS I
269
1817
M. VILNIAUS GUBERNIJOS SEIMELIO
DIENORAŠTIS
I
275
GUBERNIJU
IR APSKRIČIU
BAJORU
VADOVAI
(1795-1862)
I
315
SANTRUMPOS
I
342
ŠALTINIAI
IR
LITERATURA I
343
ILIUSTRACIJU
SARASAS I
351
ASMENVARDŽIU RODYKLÉ I
353
SELF-RULE OF THE LITHUANIAN NOBILITY IN THE FIRST HALF
OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY (Summary) I
367
Self-Rule of the Lithuanian
Nobility in the First Half
of the Nineteenth Century
SUMMARY
In the nineteenth century self-rule of the Lithuanian nobility developed on the
basis of the attitudes established in the Russian empire. After the Third
Partition of the Republic of the Two Nations
(1795)
Catherine II's Charter of
the Russian Nobility of
21
April
1785
was adopted for the recently annexed
territories together with the new system of government. This document
comprised all rights and privileges of the advantaged estate, and it also
institutionalized the corporation organization of the nobility established on the
principles of self-rule. However, this order was meant only for the hereditary
nobles. The privileges of self-rule were not applied to the new private nobility,
the status of which was earned rather than inherited.
The institution of self-rule of the nobility comprised
(1)
province and dis¬
trict assemblies of the nobles,
(2)
the nobles' deputations,
(3)
the leadership of
the province and district nobles and
(4)
the wardship institution of the province
nobles. Thus a part of the Russian privileged stratum was granted certain
limited civil rights, and through the elected officials the nobility could influence
local administrative and judicial bodies and perform some functions
of the executive organs. At the same time, self-government of the nobility was
faced with two-fold tasks
-
to safeguard the interests of the estate and to satis¬
fy of the needs of the state.
Only one of the self-rule institutions,
i.e.
the nobles' assemblies, resembled
the previous dietines of the nobility of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,
which were the forums of the powerful nobles for their control of the internal
policy of the state. The connections with the dietines were sustained
(1)
by the terminology for the institutions inherited from the lifetime of the Polish-
Lithuanian Commonwealth {sejmik/seimelis 'dietine'; deputacja unfwodowa/bajorii
deputacija
'nobles' deputation') and for the elective posts
(marszałek/marsalas
'marshal', podkomorzy/pakamaris/subcamerarius 'steward',
chorąży
/vèliavininkas
'standard-bearer'),
(2)
by the political tradition and
(3)
by the generation
of the nobility, which having been the nucleus of the first dietines, had
368
I SELF-RULE OF THE LITHUANIAN NOBILITY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
preserved the experience of the political and social activity at least at the start
of the century. In actual fact, in the annexed lands there appeared a new institu¬
tion of selfrule, which was different with regard to its destination and compe¬
tence; it changed the entire nature of the political and social manifestation and
the further development of the noble estate.
The present study deals with the activity (and its results) of the self-rule
institutions of the Lithuanian nobility from
1801,
when a more regular activity
of those institutions set in after the partitions, to
1862 -
the time of the last
assemblies of the nobility in the Western provinces.
Chapter Seimeliai
-
Ъаргц
susirinkimai ['Dietines as Nobility Meetings']
analyzes the competence of the dietines, the list of the elected officials and
the changes in the requirements of their qualifications. The competence of the
dietines remained unaltered throughout the whole period of their functioning.
They elected the officials of the self-government institutions, the districts and
the province courts, as well as the officials of the lower administrative bodies,
members of various temporary commissions, the structure of which depended
on the policy of the government. The dietines were allowed to air their opinion
on social, economic, judicial and, occasionally, on cultural issues and formulate
their requests thus performing the function of public opinion. In the desiderata
of the Lithuanian nobility certain principal problems can be distinguished
-
their
sympathetic treatment could lead to the social, economic and cultural changes
beneficial for the estate and society in general. These were matters relating
to the improvement of law courts, freeing the peasantry from servitude,
introduction of a rational system of economy crediting and people's education.
The chances to proclaim the requests varied with time. By the 1830s the nobles
were sure that the projects they drew would promote social progress. Later they
perceived that they had to protect themselves increasingly against the measures
of the authorities rather than devise strategies for more serious reforms.
The endeavours to resist self-rule restrictions were evident in the requests be¬
tween the Uprising of
1831
and the mid-lSSOs. The beginning of Alexander II's
rule was more favourable for the advancement of social and cultural reforms.
However, the fate of the dietines was decided by the abortive attempt of
1862
to require the attachment of Lithuania to the Kingdom of Poland, and after
the Uprising of
1863-64
the dietines ceased to function.
In the economic and financial sphere the dietines were authorized to
discuss the project of the local budget, prepared by the representatives
of the administration and nobility self-government, and to distribute the levies
among all estates, which made up the main source of the local budget.
The electorate of the dietine comprised only the upper layer of the estate
-
the properly qualified nobility. Due to a highly specific estate stratification
Summary I
369
of the Lithuanian nobility property qualification for the participation in
elections in Lithuania was higher than that required from the Russian nobility.
Alexander I revoked Paul
I's
permission for the tenant nobles, lease-holders and
landless nobles to participate in the dietines. On
8
June
1802
it was announced
that the members of the dietine of Vilnius, Grodno, Minsk, Podolia and
Volhynia could be the propertied nobility, paying a proper tax
(ofiara)
to the treasury as well as those who were otherwise tied to the land: held it
from the treasury, had a lease on it for no less than ten years and held estates as
lifelong tenure or mortgaged. The decree of
3
March
1805
modified property
qualification: the participants of the dietines could be holders of inherited, mort¬
gaged or lifelong-held lands on condition that their property comprised no less
than eight peasant hearths or their yearly income was no less than
150
roubles.
The right to vote in dietine elections was given to persons aged
18
and over,
and the age qualification for candidates in the election was
23.
People found
guilty of corrupt and illegal practices could not participate in elections.
'The Regulations on Nobility Assemblies, Elections and the Order of Elected
Services', issued by Nicholas I on
6
December
1831,
introduced general property
qualifications of two levels for the entire Russian nobility. 'Fully qualified' electors
were the landowners of no less than
100
serf 'souls' or
3,000
desiatines of land
(it could also be desolate) and those who leased land to at least
100
free
peasants. Proprietresses of large estates could vote through their proxy
at the assemblies. Noble owners of smaller properties having one-twentieth
of the full qualification, i.e. five serfs or
150
desiatines, could participate
in the assemblies through their elected proxy. Elective posts could be occupied
by the unqualified nobles as well.
The participation of the nobility in the Western provinces was restricted
by the requirement of a preliminary ten-year service in state structures before
seeking election in self-government (the decree of
12
October
1835
was annulled
in
1856).
Persons having actively supported the Uprising of
1830-31
were also
banned from participating in the nobility assemblies. True, in practice these
demands were not strictly adhered to.
As a result of the election qualifications valid in the first three decades
of the nineteenth century over
2,000
nobles could participate in the dietines
of Vilnius province; in the 1830s to 1850s that number decreased nearly four
times. The situation was similar in Grodno province. In regard to religion
the majority of the electorate were Roman Catholics; besides, there were few
Protestants, Orthodox and Moslems.
The dietine norms and customs observed in the regulations adopted
by the province authorities and the nobles themselves every three years
on the basis of the traditions of the dietines of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
370
I SELF-RULE OF THE LITHUANIAN NOBILITY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
and Russian laws are also analyzed in this chapter. In it the attempts
of the nobility to alter the organization of the dietines are shown. The chapter
also discusses 'Regulations of the Dietines' prepared in the chancery of Nikolai
Novosiltsev in the late 1820s. Their purpose was to unify the order of election
in the dietines of the Western provinces; however, they were not adopted.
The functioning of the dietines as the assemblies of the nobility was standardiz¬
ed conclusively by the aforementioned Regulations of
6
December
1831
and
subsequent acts of the authorities.
The chapter Seimeliai,
valdžia
ir
Ъаргц
visuomenè ['Dietines, Power and
Noble
Society']
is related to the internal life of the dietines and their relations with
the administration of the province. The nobles were independent in the affairs
of the dietines, functioning under the general supervision of the province's
administration, which controlled the compliance with the laws and confirmed
the appointments of the officials elected by the nobility. Alexander I endowed
the nobility with the powers for promoting the importance of the estate. The
ability to exploit the privileges depended on the political culture of the nobility
which was blighted by internal disagreements and sectional interests. Until the
1830s particularistic tendencies prevailed in the consciousness of the nobility.
Wasting their efforts in the rivalry for the elective posts the nobles failed
to consolidate their influence in the local government. The departure from
the regulations of the dietines and forging the elector lists provoked internal
conflicts, because in the opinion of the majority of the dietine members that
equalled the violation of the civil rights. In any case, the authorities had
sufficient grounds for intervening in the affairs of the dietines. Disciplining
the nobility they resorted to administrative and judicial measures, doing that
sensitively enough in order not to provoke adverse actions. During Nicholas
I's
reign and later times there appeared a tendency to formalize and rationalize
the internal relations of the nobility assemblies. Gradually the spirit of particularism
disappeared, and the assemblies turned into an efficiently functioning mechanism.
After the Uprising of
1831
the authorities established
strice,
control of the nobles'
assemblies, kept them under covert surveillance, increasingly rejected
the candidates proposed for the posts on suspicion of their disloyalty
to the regime.
An integral part of the internal life of the dietines and an element
of the culture of the sessions were the speeches delivered by their members.
Few texts are extant, the majority of them date from the first quarter of the nineteenth
century. Their analysis discloses the attitude of the orators and listeners
to the sovereign, the state, the nobility and their institutions, the place
of the noble nation deprived of political independence in the state and society,
Summary I
371
to the qualities of the leader of the nobility and their duty to the estate, and
lastly, to the traits of self-consciousness of the nobility.
This chapter also explores sparse literary and publicist texts revealing
the attitude of the Lithuanian educated public to the dietines. Nearly all
of the extant texts deal with the assessment of the dietine activity prior to
1831.
That shows that in the consciousness of society the dietines were treated
as institutions which had to continue the traditions of the Republic of the Two
Nations after the partitions. The difference in the attitudes became evident in
determining the particular stratum of the estate capable of representing
the nobility in the management of the state. The critics of the dietines were most
concerned with the devaluation of the tradition and particularism of the nobility,
which conditioned their inability to concentrate their power and exercise the
privilege of government. Until the reform of the nobility self-rule by Nicholas I
the relationship between the dietines and the government and the manifestations
of conformist tendencies among the nobility were not dealt with at all. Apart
from Mikalojus Akelaitis' statements, no proofs could be found supporting
the view that the dietines had become a tool of the political intrigues of the
government in the eyes of the general public. On the other hand, failing to notice
these topics could mean that after
1831
the assemblies of the nobility were no
longer associated with the dietine tradition.
Chapter
2527
m. Vilniaus gubernijos
bajora
seimelis ['The
1817
Dietine
of Vilnius Province Nobility'] is aimed at re-interpreting the course of his-
toriographically well-known events in discussing the abolition of serfdom
in this dietine. The place of this issue in the general context of the dietine's work,
its initiators, and the positions of the leaders of the nobility, the delegates to the
dietine and the administration of the province are elucidated. The importance
of the right of the nobility to express their opinion on this issue in the legally
functioning institution of self-rule and the advantages of this forum to change
the contemporary social structure are also reviewed.
Chapter
Вајогц
deputacija
-
bajora susirinkimas
['The Nobles' Deputation as
the Nobles' Assembly'] illustrates the mechanism of this narrowly represented
(by the marshal of the province and one delegate from each district) self-rule
institution, which was to manage issues related to the origin and status
of the nobility. The juridical function of the deputation was the verification
of noble descent, the registration of the nobles in genealogy books, the introduction
of the newborn into the genealogy of the family, the issuance of nobility certificates,
the compilation of various lists of the nobles and service records. However, it
had no right of recognition or deprivation of noble descent; that right belonged
to the tsar and was accomplished through the Heraldry Department
of the Governing Senate.
372
I SELF-RULE OF THE LITHUANIAN NOBILITY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Special attention was focused on the verification of the nobility, which
played an important role in the process of the social transformation of the noble
estate. From the viewpoint of tsarist policy, the principal aim of which was to
purify the estate and to eliminate socially unstable groups from it, the verification
process was divided into two stages. The first stage was the period between
the late-eighteenth and the third decade of the nineteenth centuries, when often
violating the laws, noble deputations legitimized all relatives applying for nobility
certificates, thus demonstrating estate solidarity. The second stage began with
the adoption of the decree of
19
October
1831
and comprised the period between
the fourth and seventh decades of the nineteenth century; this decree promulgated
new principles of the division of the noble estate, which radically altered the
possibilities of retaining the privileged status. The second period also differed
in that that in the Western provinces new revision commissions were established
to check whether the noble deputations' attestations of noble status issued until
the 1830s were properly substantiated.
The verification results were controversial. In the first place those who did
not possess certifiable proofs of nobility were excluded from the estate;
they were mostly tenant nobles and lease-holders, who became small-holders
(in the countryside) and burghers (in towns) or joined other social strata.
Then the noble estate comprised only owners of land and serfs and persons
merited in state service; the latter were protected by Russian laws. Small¬
holders and landless people could also belong to the nobility if the Heraldry
Department recognized their descent documents as valid. Properly prepared
documents (including the precisely forged ones) could open the way for non-noble
peasants and townsmen to the noble estate.
Chapter
Maršalai
-
bajora
vedovai
['Marshals as Leaders of the Nobility']
examines the main features of the leadership of the nobility: the functions and
subordination of the nobles' leaders of the districts and province. The role
of this institution was two-fold: it represented the interests of the estate in its
dealings with the authorities and performed some functions of the executive
power. It was through the leadership that the estate was closely associated with
the government structures of the empire. Nevertheless, neither formally nor
actually did the leaders belong to the layer of civil servants. True, like state
functionaries, they were promoted to ranks, and they could receive awards, etc.,
however, neither posts nor salaries nor the nature of the service (not obligatory
for the nobility), linked them to the state. The activity of the leadership
of the Lithuanian nobility shows that their collective and individual endeavours
were related only to the interests of their estate.
Summary
1 373
On the basis of the service records of the leaders of Kaunas and Vilnius
provinces an attempt is made to draw a collective portrait of the nobility leader
according to the following attributes: age, origin, faith, property, education,
social activity skills, kinship ties, ranks and awards. Thus the most valued traits
of the nobility leader in the eyes of the public are revealed.
Chapter
Вајогц
savivaldos
finansiné
ir globos
funkcija ['The Financial
and
Wardship Functions of the Nobility Self-Rule'] discloses the concern of the nobility
institutions about the municipal economy of the country, means of communications,
and a partial maintenance of the institutions of local authorities. The duties
(zemskii
sbor,
powinności ziemskie),
serving the basis for the budget revenue,
the order of its planning, distribution and use and the structural peculiarities
of the local budget are analysed as well; the character of the financial activity
of the nobility and the limits of their competence in managing the local budget
are shown in this chapter, too.
The function of social and material support was performed by special
wardship institutions of the nobility, the meetings of which were attended
by the leader of the district nobility and the judge of the district law court and
assesores. This institution was committed the tasks of appointing (and controlling)
guardians of widows and young orphans, and administrators of the possessions
of indebted nobles. The chapter elucidates the principles of the activity
of these institutions in the system of feudal economy, the issues of safeguarding
the property of the nobility and the results of the activity of wardship institutions.
In the context of self-rule institutions the fate of the Lithuanian nobility is
reviewed in two respects. Firstly, following the loss of political power, a part
of the nobility was not ousted from public life; it continued to take an active
part in it, thus satisfying its want of power. On the other hand, the nobles had
to submit to the occupier's rules. The Russian pro-landlord policy afforded
ground for the nobility to play an important role in the organization of the life
of the estate as well as in the judicial, social, cultural, economic and financial
life of the country. On the other hand, seeking to be useful to society, the qualified
nobility cherished plans to change the conditions of the existence of the country.
However, under the influence of a stronger force they could take care only
of the matters of their estate and to defend what was still defensible.
The appendixes comprise a diary of the
1817
dietine of Vilnius province;
its manuscript is kept in the Manuscript Department of the National Warsaw
Library
(Römer
Archive). The diary was written by an anonymous person under
the pen name of Antuszewicz. It is not official minutes of the dietine, nevertheless,
its procedure and the participants are described in detail in the form of a diary.
374
I SELF-RULE OF THE LITHUANIAN NOBILITY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
No other sources, enabling the reconstruction of the dietine atmosphere
of the Lithuanian nobility in the nineteenth century were found. The study also
contains a list of the nobility leaders of Grodno, Kaunas and Vilnius provinces
and districts, compiled on the basis of archival and published material.
Translated from the Lithuanian by Alfonsas
Laučka |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bairašauskaitė, Tamara 1950- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)152676473 |
| author_facet | Bairašauskaitė, Tamara 1950- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bairašauskaitė, Tamara 1950- |
| author_variant | t b tb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036430301 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DK505 |
| callnumber-raw | DK505.73 |
| callnumber-search | DK505.73 |
| callnumber-sort | DK 3505.73 |
| callnumber-subject | DK - Russia, Soviet Union, Former Soviet Republics, Poland |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)249928035 (DE-599)GBV388568178 |
| era | Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1800-1850 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1800-1850 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Lithuania / Politics and government / 19th century Lithuania / History / 1795-1918 Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Lithuania / Politics and government / 19th century Lithuania / History / 1795-1918 Litauen |
| id | DE-604.BV036430301 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-07T13:11:15Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9986780551 |
| language | Lithuanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020302900 |
| oclc_num | 249928035 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 374 S., [8] Bl. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | LII Leidykla |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bairašauskaitė, Tamara 1950- Verfasser (DE-588)152676473 aut Lietuvos bajorų savivalda XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje Tamara Bairašauskaitė Vilnius LII Leidykla 2003 374 S., [8] Bl. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Self-rule of the Lithuanian nobility in the first half of the nineteenth century Mit engl. Zusammenfass. Geschichte 1800-1900 Geschichte 1800-1850 gnd rswk-swf Nobility / History / Lithuania Geschichte Politik Adel (DE-588)4000464-8 gnd rswk-swf Selbstverwaltung (DE-588)4054442-4 gnd rswk-swf Lithuania / Politics and government / 19th century Lithuania / History / 1795-1918 Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd rswk-swf Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 g Adel (DE-588)4000464-8 s Selbstverwaltung (DE-588)4054442-4 s Geschichte 1800-1850 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020302900&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020302900&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Bairašauskaitė, Tamara 1950- Lietuvos bajorų savivalda XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje Nobility / History / Lithuania Geschichte Politik Adel (DE-588)4000464-8 gnd Selbstverwaltung (DE-588)4054442-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4000464-8 (DE-588)4054442-4 (DE-588)4074266-0 |
| title | Lietuvos bajorų savivalda XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje |
| title_auth | Lietuvos bajorų savivalda XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje |
| title_exact_search | Lietuvos bajorų savivalda XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje |
| title_full | Lietuvos bajorų savivalda XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje Tamara Bairašauskaitė |
| title_fullStr | Lietuvos bajorų savivalda XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje Tamara Bairašauskaitė |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lietuvos bajorų savivalda XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje Tamara Bairašauskaitė |
| title_short | Lietuvos bajorų savivalda |
| title_sort | lietuvos bajoru savivalda xix a pirmojoje puseje |
| title_sub | XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje |
| topic | Nobility / History / Lithuania Geschichte Politik Adel (DE-588)4000464-8 gnd Selbstverwaltung (DE-588)4054442-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nobility / History / Lithuania Geschichte Politik Adel Selbstverwaltung Lithuania / Politics and government / 19th century Lithuania / History / 1795-1918 Litauen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020302900&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020302900&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bairasauskaitetamara lietuvosbajorusavivaldaxixapirmojojepuseje |