Critical thinking: a student's introduction
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
McGraw-Hill
2011
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | getr. Zählung Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9780073407432 |
Internformat
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| 250 | |a 4. ed. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804142902319775744 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS A WORD TO STUDENTS XL PRIFAEE XID CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO
CRITICAL THINKIN 1 WHAT 1S CRITICAL THINKING? 1 CRITICAL THINKING
STANDARDS 2 CLARITY 2 PRECISION 2 ACCURACY 3 RELEVANCE 3 CONSISTENCY 4
LOGICAL CORRECTNESS 5 COMPLETENESS 6 FAIRNESS 6 THE BENEFITS OF CRITICAL
THINKING 7 CRITICAL THINKING IN THE CLASSROOM 7 CRITICAL THINKING IRL
THE WORKPLACE 9 CRITICAL THINKING IN LIFE 9 BARRIERS TO CRITICAL
THINKING 10 EGOCENTRISM 11 SOCIOCENTRISM 13 UMVARRANTED ASSUMPTIONS AND
STEREOTYPES 16 RELATIVISTIC THINKING 19 WISLIFUL THINKING 24
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CRITICAL THINKER 25 V VI CONRENTS CHAPTER2
RECOGNIZING ARGUMENTS 29 WHAT IS AN ARGUMENT? 29 IDENTIFYING PREMISES
AND CONCLUSIONS 33 WHAT IS NOT AN ARGUMENT? 40 REPORTS 40 UNSUPPORTED
ASSERTIONS 41 CONDITIONAL STATERNENTS 41 ILLUSTRATIONS 43 EXPLANATIONS
43 CHAPTER3 BASIC LOGICAL CONCEPTS 53 DEDUCTION AND INDUCTION 53 HOW CAN
WE TELL WHETHER AN ARGUMENT IS DEDUCTIVE OR INDUCTIVE? 56 THE INDICATOR
WORD TEST 57 THE STRICT NECESSITY TEST 58 THE COMMON PATTERN TEST 58 THE
PRINCIPLE OF CHARITY TEST 59 EXCEPTIONS TO THE STRICT NECESSITY TEST 61
COMMON PATTERNS OF DEDUCTIVE REASONING 62 HYPOTHETICAL SYLLOGISM 62
CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM 65 ARGUMENT BY ELIMINATION 66 ARGUMENT BASED ON
MATHEMATICS 66 ARGUMENT FROM DEFINITION 67 COMMON PATTERNS OF INDUCTIVE
REASONING 67 INDUCTIVE GENERALIZATION 68 PREDICTIVE ARGUMENT 68 ARGUMENT
FROM AUTHORITY 69 CAUSAL ARGUMENT 69 STATISTICAL ARGUMENT 70 ARGUMENT
FROM ANALOGY 70 DEDUCTIVE VALIDITY 73 INDUCTIVE STRENGTH 77 CHAPTER 4
LANGUAGE 86 FINDING THE RIGHT WORDS: THE NEED FOR PRECISION 86 VAGUENESS
87 OVERGENERALITY 88 AMBIGUITY 89 THE IMPORTANCE OFPRECISE DEFINITIONS
93 TYPES OJ DRIFINITIONS 95 STRATEGIESJOR DRIFINING 97 RULES JOR
CONSTRUCTING GOOD LEXICAL DRIFINITIONS 100 EMOTIVE LANGUAGE: SLANTING
THE TRUTH 107 THE EMOTIVE POWER OJ WORDS 108 EUPHEMISMS AND POLITICAL
CORRECTNESS 114 CHARTER 5 LOGICAL FALLACIES-I 119 THE CONCEPT OF
RELEVANCE 119 FALLACIES OFRELEVANCE 121 PERSONAL ATTACK (AD HOMINEM) 122
ATTACKING THE MOTIVE 123 LOOK WHO S TALKING (TU QUOQUE) 124 TWO WRONGS
MAKE A RIGHT 125 SCARE TACTICS 127 APPEAL TO PITY 128 BANDWAGON ARGUMENT
128 STRAW MAN 129 RED HERRING 130 EQUIVOCATION 131 BEGGING THE QUESTION
132 CHARTER 6 LOGICAL FALLACIES-II 140 FALLACIES OF INSUFFICIENT
EVIDENCE 140 INAPPROPRIATE APPEAL TO AUTHORITY 140 APPEAL TO IGNORANCE
144 FALSE ALTEMATIVES 145 LOADED QUESTION 146 QL4ESTIONABLE CAL4SE 147
HASTY GENERALIZATION 149 SLIPPERY SLOPE 150 WEAK ANALOGY 151
INCONSISTENCY 154 CHARTER 7 ANALYZING ARGUMENTS 164 DIAGRAMMING SHORT
ARGUMENTS 164 TIPS ON DIAGRAMMING ARGUMENTS 169 SUMMARIZING LONGER
ARGUMENTS 175 PARAPHRASING 176 CONTENTS VII VIII CONTENTS FINDING
MISSING PREMISES AND CONCLUSIONS 180 SUMMARIZING EXTENDED ARGUMENTS 182
COMN1ON MISTAKES TO AVOID IN STANDARDIZING ARGUMENTS 187 CHAPTER 8
EVALUATING ARGUMENTS AND TRUTH CLAIMS 195 WHEN IS AN ARGUMENT A GOOD
ONE? 195 WHAT COOD ARGUMENT DOES NOT MEAN 195 WHAT COOD ARGUMENT
DOES MEAN 196 WHEN IS IT REASONABLE TO ACCEPT APREMISE? 198 REFUTING
ARGUMENTS 203 APPENDIX: SAMPIE CRITICAL ESSAY 219 CHAPTER 9 A LITTLE
CATEGORICALLOGIC 225 CATEGORICAL STATEMENTS 225 TRANSLATING INTO
STANDARD CATEGORICAL FORM 230 CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISMS 237 CHAPTER 10 A
LITTLE PROPOSITIONALLOGIC 252 CONJUNCTION 253 CONJUNCTION AND VALIDITY
256 NEGATION 261 DEEPER ANALYSIS OFNEGATION AND CONJUNCTION 265
DISJUNCTION 271 CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS 276 CHAPTER 11 INDUCTIVE
REASONING 285 INTRODUCTION TO INDUCTION 285 INDUCTIVE GENERALIZATIONS
286 EVALUATING 1NDUCTIVE CENERALIZATIONS 288 OPINION POLIS AND 1NDUCTIVE
CENERALIZATIONS 292 STATISTICAL ARGUMENTS 296 RIFERENCE CLASS 300
INDUCTION AND ANALOGY 303 WHAT IS AN ANALOGY? 303 HOW CAN WE ARGUE BY
ANALOGY? 303 EVALUATING ARGUMENTS ]ROM ANALOGY 305 ARGUING BY ANALOGY
312 INDUCTION AND CAUSAL ARGUMENTS 313 CORRELATION Q/1DCAUSE 317 A FEW
WORDS ABOUT PROBABILITY 320 A CLOSER LOOK AT APRIORI PROBABILITY 322
CHAPTER 12 FINDING, EVALUATING, AND USING SOURCES 330 FINDING OURCES 333
RTIFINING YOUR SEAREH: QUESTIONS AND KEYWORDS 334 DIRECTIONAL
IRIFORMATION 336 INFORMATIONAL SOURCES 338 EVALUATING SOURCES 341
CONTENT: FACTS AND EVERYTHING ELSE 342 THE AUTHOR AND THE PUBLISHER 347
THE AUDIENEE 352 EVALUATING INTERNET SOURCES 353 TAKING NOTES 361
BIBLIOGRAPHIEAL INFORMATION 361 CONTENT NOTES: QUOTES, SUMMARIES, AND
PARAPHRASES 362 USING SOURCES 372 AEKNOWLEDGING SOURCES 372
INEORPORATING SOURCES 376 CHAPTER 13 WRITING ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS 382
WRITING A SUCCESSFUL ARGUMENT 384 BEFORE YOU WRITE 385 KNOW YOURSELF 385
KNOW YOUR AUDIENEE 386 CHOOSE AND NARROW YOUR TOPIE 390 WRITE A SMTENEE
THAT EXPRESSES YOUR CLAIM 393 CATHER IDEAS: BRAINSTORM AND RESEARCH 394
ORGANIZE YOUR IDEAS 400 ORGANIZE BY METHODS RIF DEVELOPMENT 403 WRITING
THE FIRST DRAFT 406 PROVIDE AN INTERESTING OPENING 407 INCLUDE A THESIS
STATEMENT 408 DEVELOP YOUR BODY PARAGRAPHS 409 PROVIDE A SATIIFYING
CONCLUSION 410 CONTENTS IX X CONTENTS AFTER THE FIRST DRAFT 412 READ
J;LIHAT YOU HAVE WRITTEN AND REVISE 412 CONSIDER WHAT YOU HAVE NOT
WRITTEN AND REVISE 412 SHOW YOUR WORK 413 EDIT YOUR WORK 413 HAND IT IN
413 SAMPIE ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY 414 CHAPTER 14 THINKIN 425 THE MASS MEDIA
425 THE NEWS MEDIA 426 THE IMPORTANCE OJ CONTEXT 426 GETTING US TO PAY
ATTENTION: WHAT REALLY DRIVES THE MEDIA 430 KEEPING OUR INTEREST: THE
NEWS AS ENTERTAINMENT 432 HOW THE MEDIA ENTERTAIN US 433 SLANTING THE
NEWS 441 MEDIA LITERACY 445 ADVERTISING 447 MAT ADS DO 448 DIFENSES CF
ADVERTISING 450 CRITICISMS CF ADVERTISING 450 COMMON ADVERTISING PLOYS
452 CHAPTER 15 SCIENCE AND PSEUDOSCIENCE 461 THE BASIC PATTERN
OFSCIENTIFIC REASONING 461 THE LIMITATIONS OF SCIENCE 468 HOW TO
DISTINGUISH SCIENCE FROM PSEUDOSCIENCE 470 A CASE STUDY IN
PSEUDOSCIENTIFIC THINKING: ASTROLOGY 482 APPENDIX: ESSAYS FOR CRITICAL
ANALYSIS A-L NOTES N-L ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES ANS-1 CREDITS C-L
INDEX 1-1
|
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| title | Critical thinking a student's introduction |
| title_auth | Critical thinking a student's introduction |
| title_exact_search | Critical thinking a student's introduction |
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