History of the Suez Canal Company 1858 - 2008: between controversy and utility
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| Sprache: | English |
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Genève
Droz
2010
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| Schriftenreihe: | Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale
25 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 573 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9782600013314 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 020 | |a 9782600013314 |9 978-2-600-01331-4 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Bonin, Hubert |d 1950- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)113603894 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a History of the Suez Canal Company 1858 - 2008 |b between controversy and utility |c Hubert Bonin |
| 264 | 1 | |a Genève |b Droz |c 2010 | |
| 300 | |a 573 S. |b Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale |v 25 | |
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Sueskanalgesellschaft |0 (DE-588)7701720-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1858-2008 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Sueskanalgesellschaft |0 (DE-588)7701720-1 |D b |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804142816962543616 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
General introduction
.................................. 7
1.
A
contentious history
............................... 8
2.
Suez, a symbol of modernity?
........................ 13
3.
A priority given to discussions
........................ 16
4.
Business history applied to the Suez case study
........... 18
5.
Suez in History
.................................... 22
PARTI
THE SUEZ CANAL AND THE GROWTH
OF FRENCH CAPITALISM
Chapter
1
Ferdinand
de Lesseps
from hero to entrepreneur
.......... 33
1.
Suez and the glory of Ferdinand
de
Lesseps
.............. 34
A. Lesseps started to consider the potentialities of Egypt
.... 38
B. The evolution towards a technical project
............. 40
2.
Egypt as a fascinating civilization in the midst
of the century
..................................... 42
A. Orientalism drawing Europeans to the Middle East area
.. 42
B. The upsurge of Muhammad Ali s Egypt
.............. 44
C. French experts involved in the resurrection of Egypt
.... 45
D. French capitalism lured by Egypt
................... 47
E. Saint-Simonianism and Egypt: Lesseps in the wake
of a strong influence
.............................. 49
Conclusion
......................................... 53
Chapter
2
The Suez canal and French
entrepreneurship
............. 59
1.
Suez and the economic trend: A general move
towards progress
................................... 59
2.
The proliferation of French engineers
.................. 61
3.
The Suez canal and French engineers
................... 63
4.
From
utopia
to a canal through Suez isthmus:
the undertakings
................................... 66
564
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. Setting up a base camp
............................ 66
B. The
dependance
on human workforce
............... 67
5.
Modern technology and the Suez canal
................. 70
A. The construction of
Port-Saïd
...................... 70
B.
The triumph of the steam engine: The firms Couvreux
and Lavalley
.................................... 71
C. The industrial revolution and the Suez canal
........... 73
6.
The completion of the canal undertakings
............... 74
7.
The Suez canal entered History: November
1869 ......... 74
Conclusion of the first part
Ferdinand
de
Lesseps and technical history
................. 77
Part
2
THE GROWTH OF CUSTOMERSHIP
AT THE SUEZ COMPANY
Chapter
3
The Suez canal and its customers from
1869
to
1914........ 89
1.
Issues around the inauguration of the canal
(1869)......... 90
2.
Lagging navigation techniques
........................ 90
A. Lesseps technical gamble
.......................... 90
B. An agonizingly slow process of modernization
......... 91
C. Was the canal dangerous?
.......................... 92
3.
A canal without ships?
.............................. 93
4.
The Suez canal comes of age
.......................... 94
A. The advantages of the Suez canal (at the turn
of the 20th century)
.............................. 94
B. The modernization of the fleet: The triumph of steamers
. 95
C. Coal warehouses at Suez
.......................... 95
4.
What purpose did the canal serve? The now of merchandise
. 96
5.
The growth of transit: the post-mortem victory of Lesseps
.. 99
A. Countries and ship-owners: the precious clients
in the 19th century
.............................. 100
B. Was France a good client of the Suez Company
? ....... 101
Conclusion
......................................... 104
Chapter
4
The growth of transit through the canal
(ШОѕ-1940)
_____ 113
1.
The evolution of the traffic through the Suez canal
.......
l
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
565
A.
The growth in the traffic passing via the Suez canal
in the first third of the 20th century
................. 113
B. The canal and the depression of the
1930s............. 115
2.
The economic currents of the 20th century
.............. 116
A. The geography of foreign partners
................... 116
B. The European and Mediterranean consumer empire
..... 118
C. The emergence of oil transit (from the 1890s)
.......... 119
D. The Suez canal and European exports
................ 121
3.
Twentieth century clients of the Suez Company
.......... 122
Conclusion
......................................... 124
Chapter
5
A company at the services of clients: Upgrading
and maintenance work (up to
1940)..................... 135
1.
The initial crisis
................................... 135
2.
Constant efforts at improving the canal
(1884-1939)........ 136
A. The second program of works, from
1884-1885
to
1890 .. 137
B. Relentless works
(1890-1914)....................... 137
C. The interwar years: a period of relative calm
.......... 138
D. The extent of the works: A tangible progress
.......... 139
3.
Was it an efficient company? An assessment
............. 141
A. Was the canal made safer?
......................... 142
B. Did the transit times improve?
..................... 142
C. Larger ships through the canal
...................... 143
4.
The importance of the Company s engineers
............. 145
5.
Pilots and maritime technicians as key instruments of
efficiency and security
.............................. 147
Conclusion
......................................... 148
Conclusion of second part
.............................. 150
PART3
A GLOBAL COMPANY? A NEUTRAL CANAL?
Chapter
6
The canal and international diplomacy: The initial crisis
(from the 1850s to the 1880s)
........................... 157
1.
The fear of French influence in Egypt
.......
%
........... 157
2.
English pressure on Turkey against Lesseps project
........ 158
3.
Was the Company really a commercial enterprise?
........ 159
566
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.
The British Crown as the Company s main shareholder
(1875) . 160
A. The dire financial situation of Egypt
................. 161
B. Balking French interests
.......................... 162
C. Disraeli and Rothschild as pushing actors
............. 163
5.
The growth of British influence on the Suez Company
and canal
......................................... 164
A. The British insinuated themselves into the Suez Company
(1875-1879)..................................... 165
B. The British settled in the canal zone
(1882)............ 165
C. A Company submitted to British supremacy
.......... 166
Conclusion
......................................... 167
Chapter
7
The Company s apparent neutrality
..................... 171
1.
The founding principles
............................. 171
2.
The Agreement of
1888 ............................. 172
3.
A neutrality in fact?
................................ 174
A. British troops godfathering the Suez isthmus
.......... 175
B. The Company and the canal in the First World War
..... 176
4.
The Company and the canal in the Second World War
..... 177
A. The Suez Company threatened
..................... 178
B. The zone of the Suez canal at war
................... 178
C. The Company involved in the Allied side
............. 179
D. A powerless Compagny in Paris
.................... 180
Conclusion
......................................... 182
PART
4
A MIGHTY SUEZ COMPANY
Chapter
8
The Suez Company and money (1858-1870S)
.............. 187
1.
Financing the construction of the canal
................. 188
A. The initial gamble
............................... 188
B. The canal and the first steps of financing
.............. 189
a. The cost of the canal
........................... 190
b. The money market mobilised for the Suez equity
.... 190
2.
The financial crisis: A premature end of the road for the
Company?
........................ . ....... 192
A. The Company in dire straits
......... . ........ 193
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
567
В.
The Company saved by financial agreements
(1871-1874) , 194
Conclusion: Suez between dream,
entrepreneurship,
and financial risks
.................................... 195
Chapter
9
A financial history of the Suez Company from the 1880s
to the
1930s......................................... 197
1.
Understanding the accounts
.......................... 197
2.
Total expenses for the canal excavations and maintainance
.. 199
3.
The income from the canal transit and financial reserves
.... 199
A. The revenues from the canal transit
.................. 200
B. The loans
...................................... 200
C. The question of self-financing
...................... 201
4.
The profitability of the Company
..................... 201
A. Growing profits between
1858
and
1914.............. 202
B. The profitability of the canal from
1915
to
1939........ 205
C. A promising venture?
............................ 205
5.
A satisfied shareholder?
............................. 206
A. The stock price before WWI
....................... 207
B. The stock price during the interwar period
............ 210
C. The income from shares
.......................... 211
D. Shareholders profits on the long term
............... 214
6.
Were the customers financially satisfied?
................ 214
A. The pressure exerted by English ship-owners
.......... 214
B. Shareholders versus ship-owners
.................... 217
C. A
victory for shareholders?
........................ 218
7.
Pampered employees
............................... 219
Conclusion: Subtle balances between stakeholders
........... 221
Chapter
10
Suez influential position in France
..................... 223
1.
The birth of an institution
........................... 223
2.
The decision-making powers
......................... 224
A. The Lesseps dynasty as part of Suez history and legacy
... 224
B. Paris grands bourgeois as chairmen
................. · · 225
C. The emergence of managers at the centre of power
...... 227
3.
Eminent personalities sitting on the Company s Board
..... 229
A. Suez part of big business?
......................... 229
B. Suez and geopolitics
.............................. 230
C. Suez and bourgeoisies
............................ 231
4.
The Company between a prestigious Board
and a modest influence
.............................. 233
568
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. A meager influence?
............................. 233
B. Suez and overseas business: A community of interest?
. .. 234
C. Suez as a British shipping club
...................... 238
4.
Suez Company as a capitalist group
? ................... 240
A. Suez and Panama, sister companies
.................. 241
B. Suez as an institutional investor?
...................... 242
Conclusion
......................................... 245
Chapter
11
The Suez Company and Egypt (till
1940)................. 249
1.
The Company and the Egyptian authorities
.............. 249
A. The wording of the concession
..................... 249
B. A
colonising Company?
......................... 250
2.
The Company s position in Egypt
..................... 253
A. The reinforcement of French interests in Egypt
........ 253
B. A firm between universal, French, and Egyptian basis
. .. 255
3.
The Company caught between British domination
and Egyptian nationalism
............................ 256
A. A sign of nationalist sensitiveness
:
Extending
the concession?
(1910)............................ 257
B. The low-key profile of the Company among
Anglo-Egyptian tensions (in the
ШОѕ-ШОѕ)
.......... 258
4.
Egypt and the canal s money
......................... 260
A. Egypt depriving itself from the canal s revenues
(1875) ... 260
B. A late opening to an Egyptian stakeholding
(1936-1939) .. 262
Conclusion
From splendid remoteness to compromise
................ 264
Chapter
12
The Company and the development of the isthmus of Suez
.. 267
1.
The common services to local rural and urban economy
.... 267
2.
The Company s contribution to the Egyptian economic
development
...................................... 268
A. The development of an industrial area for facilities
to the canal
..................................... 268
B. Workforce all along the canal
...................... 270
С
European management and welfare capitalism
......... 271
3.
The Suez Company becoming apart of Egyptian history
? .. 276
A. The creation of an actual Egyptian frontier
.......... 276
B. Suez Egyptian embeddedness?
..................... 279
C. Suez heritage legacy
?............................. 280
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
569
4.
The Suez Company as a European enclave?
.............. 281
Conclusion
The Suez Company as a developer?
....................... 284
Chapter
13
Suez and Panama: Two canals, two systems, a common
geopolitical issue
.................................... 293
1.
Panama as another French technical and financial adventure
. 293
2.
The Panama canal within US grip
..................... 295
3.
Technical and financial comparisons
.................... 297
4.
Transit comparisons
................................ 299
Conclusion
......................................... 301
Conclusion of Fourth Part
At the threshold of the Second World War, Lesseps grand design
stood vindicated by its unquestioned strategic success and the
legitimacy of the Suez Canal Company
.................... 303
PART
5
THE SUEZ COMPANY CONFRONTED
TO HARSH TECHNICAL
AND GEOPOLITICAL CHALLENGES
Chapter
14
The Company confronted to the growth in traffic
(1945-1956) ......................................... 311
1.
The growth in the volume of traffic
.................... 311
2.
The changing nature of the traffic
...................... 315
A. The North-South traffic
........................... 316
B. The South-North traffic
........................... 316
С
King Oil through Suez
............................ 319
D. The Suez Company reaching its universal purpose
...... 320
3.
The technological challenges
......................... 321
A. The explosion of traffic
........................... 321
B. The advent of the very large carriers
................. 321
4.
The shippers
:
English supremacy shaken
................ 324
570
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter
15
The policy of investments
............................. 343
1.
Commonplace day to day investments
.................. 343
A. Patching up the canal
............................. 344
B. Improving the canal s efficiency
..................... 344
2.
Investing for a new canal: huge programs of investments
.... 345
A. The seventh program
(1948-1954) ................... 345
B. The eighth program
(1955-1960).................... 346
3.
The Company s reaction to new transit challenges
......... 346
Conclusion
The uncontestable resiliency of a contested Company
........ 349
Chapter
16
The Company between its prosperity, shipping,
and Egyptian background
(1945-1958)................... 359
1.
Initial tensions on the budget (in the 1940S-1950S)
......... 359
2.
Still a financial cornucopia?
.......................... 362
3.
The Suez Company restored for ever?
.................. 367
A. Reestablishing power
............................. 368
B. Still brilliant Board members
....................... 369
4.
Rediscovering Eden in the isthmus?
.................... 370
A. Good conscience due to competence and pride
......... 371
B. Re-igniting embeddedness into Egyptian environment
... 372
5.
A Company able to foresight a fresh strategy
or modus
operanda
................................. 373
A. Its basis of information
........................... 373
B. The future: Peace, illusions or worries?
............... 375
Chapter
17
The Company trying to build its history and History
...... 401
1.
Reaching a balance between Egyptian aspirations and the
Company s might
(1949)?............................ 401
2.
An essay to assess the Company s errors: Too many legalities?
403
A. Arguments about bond values
...................... 404
B. More arguments about the very statute of the firm
...... 405
C. A Board far from actual Egyptian business power?
...... 406
3.
The Suez Company dragged into Third World policies
..... 407
A. The Suez canal as a geopolitical stake
(1949-1952)....... 408
B. The effects of nationalist moves on the isthmus life
..... 409
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
571
С.
The Company cornered between Egyptian revolution and
British reaction
................................. 414
4.
Was the Company a viable negotiating partner any more?
.. 418
5.
Were sufficient concessions made?
..................... 420
A. Lagging concessions about the recruitment of pilots
..... 420
B. Concessions about the workforce in the isthmus
....... 423
C. Arguments about the use of revenues and profits
....... 425
6.
Internationalisation
of the canal as a substitute to
Egyptianisation?
................................... 427
A. The beginning of a more broad-minded position
considering
internationalisation
..................... 428
B.
Movyes towards linking
internationalisation
and shipping
430
Conclusion
:
Legitimacy, stubborness, or slowness
? .......... 432
Chapter
18
The Suez company versus Egyptian nationalism
........... 453
1.
Egyptian pride at stake
.............................. 453
2.
Was the nationalisation a historic necessity?
............. 456
3.
Towards the nationalisation of the Company
............. 458
A. The move towards state-socialism in Egypt
............ 458
B. Egyptians training for a transfer of responsibilities
...... 459
C. Waiting for
a casus
belli
........................... 460
D. Nasser exorcising Lesseps
(26
July
1956) .............. 462
4.
The Company thrown out of the picture
................ 464
A. First, the Company trying to reshape History
......... 464
B. Setting back the Company by setting up a new mode
of management?
................................. 466
5.
From the Suez Company to the
internationalisation
of the Suez canal?
.................................. 466
A. An international conference in London
to internationalise the Suez waterway
(August-September
1956).......................... 469
B. The Utopian solution of a go-between:
The Menzies mission (September
1956)............... 471
6.
The solution of warriors: The Company as a mere pawn
in a wider geopolitical game (October-November
1956)..... 474
Conclusion: The Company as a geopolitical pawn
........... 478
572
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART
6
IMAGINING A NEW SUEZ COMPANY
Chapter
19
The financial salvation of the Suez Company
(from
1957
to the
mid-1960s)........................... 483
1.
Keeping hold on cash returns (till the Spring
1957) ........ 484
2.
Saving the Company as a legal entiry
................... 485
3.
Money for compensation: the financial agreement
with Egypt
....................................... 489
4.
Settling the Suez Canal Company s inheritance
........... 492
A. The
restructuration
of the equity and of long-term debts
. 492
B. A new capital for a new Company
.................. 493
5.
Financial leverage to the renewal of a Suez Company
...... 493
A. The compensation as a financial reserve
............. 493
Б.
The constitution of financial reserves
by the Canal Company
........................... 494
6.
The pre-history of
Compagnie financière de
Suez
........... 495
A. Seeds for a team of financial experts
.................. 497
B. Société d investissements mobiliers, a
daughter financial
company
...................................... 497
D. The growth of the Suez Company s portfolio
.......... 499
Conclusion: Toward a win/win solution
.................. 500
Chapter
20
From an old name to a new firm
(1956-1960).
The Suez Company refounded
......................... 501
1.
From nostalgia to
entrepreneurship
.................... 501
A. Pilgrimage to nostalgia?
........................... 502
B. The entrepreneurial will
.......................... 503
2.
Imagining the future
................................ 504
A. Suez defining a relevant strategy
.................... 505
B. What type of enterprise?
.......................... 506
3.
The Company s capital of advantages
................... 507
A. Spheres of influence?
............................. 507
B. The virtues of Suez name
.......................... 508
C. A capital of corporate values
....................... 509
4.
Suez first human capital
............................. 511
A. Preserving a human legacy
......................... 511
B. Suez tempting managers through its entrepreneurial push
514
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
573
5.
The birth of a new Suez Company
..................... 515
A. The end of an era: The board of directors
............. 516
B. Towards a financial corporation
.................... 516
Conclusion: From a Suez Company to another:
a well endowed heir
................................... 517
General conclusion
1.
The risk of
a
positivist
and Euro-centric history
......... 519
2.
Suez becomes a name
.............................. 523
3.
Suez
:
A tool in the hands of imperial Europe and later,
of imperialism itself
................................ 527
4.
The Suez Canal Company and the history of enterprises
.... 530
A. The uniqueness of its portfolio of strategic activities
..... 531
B. A portfolio of technological savvy
................... 531
C. The art of financial management
.................... 532
D. A fund of relationships
........................... 533
E. The performance of a major enterprise
............... 536
5.
The final impasse: The erosion of its reactivity
........... 537
6.
Handing over the baton to the new
Compagnie
financière
de Suez........................................... 541
7.
From history to actuality: A return to favour of capitalism
and the concession?
................................ 543
Acknowledgements
................................... 547
List of tables
......................................... 549
Index of personalities
.................................. 553
Table of contents
..................................... 563
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Bonin, Hubert 1950- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)113603894 |
| author_facet | Bonin, Hubert 1950- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bonin, Hubert 1950- |
| author_variant | h b hb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036424812 |
| classification_rvk | NW 3300 NW 3400 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)639955016 (DE-599)BVBBV036424812 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1858-2008 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1858-2008 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV036424812 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:37:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9782600013314 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020221592 |
| oclc_num | 639955016 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-703 |
| physical | 573 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Droz |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale |
| series2 | Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale |
| spelling | Bonin, Hubert 1950- Verfasser (DE-588)113603894 aut History of the Suez Canal Company 1858 - 2008 between controversy and utility Hubert Bonin Genève Droz 2010 573 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale 25 Sueskanalgesellschaft (DE-588)7701720-1 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1858-2008 gnd rswk-swf Sueskanalgesellschaft (DE-588)7701720-1 b Geschichte 1858-2008 z DE-604 Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale 25 (DE-604)BV012982941 25 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020221592&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bonin, Hubert 1950- History of the Suez Canal Company 1858 - 2008 between controversy and utility Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale Sueskanalgesellschaft (DE-588)7701720-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7701720-1 |
| title | History of the Suez Canal Company 1858 - 2008 between controversy and utility |
| title_auth | History of the Suez Canal Company 1858 - 2008 between controversy and utility |
| title_exact_search | History of the Suez Canal Company 1858 - 2008 between controversy and utility |
| title_full | History of the Suez Canal Company 1858 - 2008 between controversy and utility Hubert Bonin |
| title_fullStr | History of the Suez Canal Company 1858 - 2008 between controversy and utility Hubert Bonin |
| title_full_unstemmed | History of the Suez Canal Company 1858 - 2008 between controversy and utility Hubert Bonin |
| title_short | History of the Suez Canal Company 1858 - 2008 |
| title_sort | history of the suez canal company 1858 2008 between controversy and utility |
| title_sub | between controversy and utility |
| topic | Sueskanalgesellschaft (DE-588)7701720-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sueskanalgesellschaft |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020221592&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV012982941 |
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