Kövek, falak, templomok: régészeti kutatások Csík középkori templomaiban 2002-2007 között
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Hungarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Csíkszereda
Pallas-Akad. Könyk.
2009
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in rumän. u. in engl. Spr. |
| Beschreibung: | 110 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789736652844 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Kövek, falak, templomok |b régészeti kutatások Csík középkori templomaiban 2002-2007 között |c Botár István |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1813276148548763648 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Tartalomjegyzék
Előszó
.7
Magányos-e a Csonkatorony?
.11
Csíkszenttamás középkort templomának régészett kutatása
Minden tíz falu építsen egy templomot!
.23
Csíkszentkirály rejtőzködő középkori temploma
Csíksomlyó középkori plébániatemploma
.39
Régészeti kutatások Csobotfalujában
2002-2005
között
Fába zárt történelem
.55
A csíki harangtornyok dendrokronológiai kutatása
Rejtőzködő szentélyek a Mész tövénél
.67
Λ
csíkmenasági templom régészeti kutatása
Elfalazott ablakok, bevakolt falképek
.77
Régészeti adatok a csíkmindszenti templom építéstörténetéhez
Új padló régi falak felett
.87
A csíkszentdomokosi plébániatemplom kutatása 2006-ban
Rezumate
.97
Lista
ilustraţiilor
Abstracts.
105
Illustrations
ABSTRACTS
Research of the medieval
church in
Sâncrăieni
The presented data were collected on
the occasion of the outer refurbishment
of the church of
Sâncrăieni.
We had lim¬
ited possibilities for archaeological re¬
search, nevertheless we could form a com¬
prehensive history of the main building
periods.
Sâncrăieni
is situated in the eastern
part of Transylvania, in the former Szek-
ler region
Csík.
The name refers to Saint
Stephen I, the first king of Hungary as
„Saint King"
(Szentkirály),
this village
name and its church had therefore been
created before
1192,
the canonization of
the second saint king of Hungary, Ladis-
law I.
The Hungarian-speaking population
of the Szeklers was settled in the region
in the late
12
and early
13
centuries.
Sâncrăieni
and its church were probably
founded by the new settlers, but they can
as well be of an earlier origin.
The walls of the nave preserve the re¬
mains of two medieval phases. The west¬
ern gate and one fragment of a window can
be identified as parts of a Romanic period
Later the nave was elongated towards the
east, on this part of the southern wall an
early Gothic window was discovered.
None of the medieval periods of the chan¬
cel is known, as the present chancel was
built to the nave in
1759.
Like the most
village churches of the region, the medi¬
eval church had no spire, nevertheless a
bell from
1562
testifies to the existence of
a wooden tower. Based on dendrochrono-
logical dating of the timbers, the present
tower in the west was built in the early
18
century. The roof forms of the two medi¬
eval phases of the nave were reconstructed
on the basis of the western gable remains.
The archaeological research
of the
Csonkatorony
of
Tomeşti
in
2002-2003«
The paper presents the results of the
archaeological excavation of the "Cson-
katorony" in
Tomeşti, Harghita
County
(Romania). Except for the tower the me¬
dieval parish church was almost totally
destroyed in the IS'11 century and the
medieval wooden statue of Madonna, the
tabernacle and the bell were transported
in the newly built baroque building.
The remains were excavated in
2002
and in the researched surfaces a part of
the south nave wall, and the southern side
of the Gothic sanctuary were found.
The excavation revealed that the build¬
ing had two major periods. During the
105
first one the nave was
7,8
m long
and had
a
6,5
m
width. The sanctuary was semi¬
circular with a length and width of
5
m.
Written sources, archaeological remains
date this phase to the
13
century.
Approximately in the middle of the
15th century the first sanctuary was de¬
molished, and a new late-Gothic one was
build just as wide as the old nave. This po¬
lygonal sanctuary was arched with stone
ribs, and was
10,6
m long.
In this period
was built the bell-tower to the west side
of the nave. The comparing of the carved
stones revealed a close relation between
the churches of
Tomeşti
end the neigh¬
bouring
Cârţa
parish church. During the
research
101
tombs were excavated.
Archaeological excavations
of Saint Peter and Pal parish
church (between
2002-2005)
in
Csíksomlyó
(r: Sumuleu).
The medieval building was first men¬
tioned in
1332.
It was demolished in
1800
when the building of the actual
church began and only a few carvings in
secondary emplacement show the exist¬
ence of the old temple. The archaeologi¬
cal research revealed the ruins inside the
present church under the floor and identi¬
fied five building periods of the old church
between
12
century and the late-Gothic
period
(17
century). The research area is
placed in the north-western part of the ac¬
tual church, the examination of the other
parts was not possible.
The first stone phase was not located
yet. These still latent remains are out of the
research area probably also on the church
hill. Parts of it (carved stones, pieces of a
fresco, mortar) were found in secondary
position in the foundation of the succeed¬
ing period.
From the second period we excavated
the north wall of the nave (inside length
13,8
m) and a small part of the sanctuary,
without its eastern part.
The date of the earliest phases around
the
12
century is based on the results of
the C14 analysis of a grave, findings and a
piece of ceramic in the mortar of the sec¬
ond period.
After the demolition of the Arpadian-
age building a new one was built, the nave
of which was a bit longer
(16
m). Its sanc¬
tuary was reconstructed during the fourth
period around the
15-16
century, when
a Gothic sanctuary was built with brick-
vault in equal breath with the old nave
(8,6
m).
The dendrochronological analysis pro¬
ved the correctness of the written and
epigraphical sources about the building
of the late-Gothic style bell tower by the
west facade in the second part of the
17
century. In the early
18
century a family
crypt was built in the north-west corner
of the nave which had been utilized by the
Sándor
family till the end of the century.
During the excavations more than
70
graves were documented which had shown
several burial customs.
Although the archaeological research
had limited possibilities and many ques¬
tions are still open, the early phases are
the main argument for the existence of
a ecclesiastical organization in this re-
106
gion as early as the
12
century. This is
extremely important data for this period
and area, because no written sources had
been preserved about this region. Based
on the strong connection between the
archideaconate and political organizations
in the Arpadian period in the Hungarian
Kingdom we can
presunie
the existence of
a royal shire, comitatus before the settle¬
ment of the Szeklers in this region.
Archaeological research
of the parish church from
Sândominic
The catholic church of
Sândominic
is
known in the literature due to some carved
stone elements considered to belong to the
Romanic period, and some remains of a
Gothic altar. Although the research pos¬
sibilities were limited during the renova¬
tion in
2006
we have located the medieval
church, which was demolished by the end
of the
18
century. This was a
11,6
m
long and
6,2
m
wide building, probably
with a polygonal sanctuary (inside length
4,7
and width of
4,5
m).
The first written document of the
church from
1333
is uncertain, so on the
basis of the Gothic plan and decorations
of the medieval gates we propose a
14
century dating to which we connect the
carved stone pieces (doors, baptize font).
The late gothic elements of the altar are
connected with a later rearrangement of
the sanctuary in the
15-lóth
century.
The medieval churches
of
Armăşeni
Armăşeni
is located in a hidden valley.
The first written mentioning is known
from the
16
century. Surprisingly the
church is not among those churches which
were conscripted in the
14
century. An
earlier archaeological research in
1999
discovered several signs showing that the
actual building has more phases. During
a short excavation in
2007
we have identi¬
fied three medieval periods.
A first church with rectangular sanctu¬
ary was built probably in the
13
century
(nave:
11,3-8,4
sanctuary:
5,9-4,9
meters).
Due to the later constructions only the
north wall and corner could be docu¬
mented, the rest of it was almost totally
destroyed.
After a while the sanctuary was de¬
molished and a new one, with a polygonal
plan and sacristy was built in gothic style.
In the same time the nave was strength¬
ened with buttresses on the corners. The
remains of the first sanctuary were reused
as building material, some of its painted
stones and mortarpieces were identified in
the gothic wall.
The third, and last medieval interven¬
tion was made in the
16
century. The
second, Gothic sanctuary was demolished
and a new, longer late-gothic sanctuary was
erected with the same width as the nave.
The nave itself was changed with new but¬
tresses and plinth. The proposed dating
is the first half of the
16
century when
a new bell
(1542)
and a new altar
(1543)
107
were brought, which are probably connect¬
ed with the end of the constructions.
In the
17
century the nave was leng¬
thened towards east with the moving of
the triumphal arch and the sanctuary was
arched. The latest phases belong to the
19
century, the bell tower was built in
1836
and an annex was attached to the
south side in
1858.
Dendrochronological
research of the bell-towers in
Ciuc»
Dendrochronology is a dating method
which uses the analysis of tree rings. The
ring width is the reaction of the tree to
the environmental influences suffered,
so a long ring-series reflects the history
of a tree. Many series from same species
and area can form so called chronologies
which can be used for dating. The series
and chronologies are assembled from sam¬
ples taken from recent trees and historical
wooden structures. The samples borehole
have
18-25
mm diameter and has no in¬
fluence on the static characteristics of the
structure.
In the first phase the dendrochrono¬
logical research was focused on the west
bell towers from Ciuc, which were known
as medieval buildings. Samples were col¬
lected from the towers of the
Racu, Del-
niţa, Sâncrăieni,
and
Şumuleu-Cioboteni
church. The dendrochronological analysis
revealed a much later construction data
to the
17-18
century. Written sources,
epigraphical inscriptions confirm the den¬
drochronological data.
The archaeological research
of the catholic church from
Misentea
First mentioning of
Misentea
and its
church is known from the first half of the
14th century. Actually only the sanctuary
presents a medieval, Gothic look (but¬
tresses, Gothic windows, arch), the nave is
rather featureless.
In connection with some restoration
plans we made a short archaeological re¬
search outside the cemetery wall (where a
tomb was disturbed) and by the north side
of the nave where a crack was noticed in
the texture of the wall. Outside the actual
cemetery wall we discovered three graves,
which show a long use of the cemetery in
the medieval times even outside the cem¬
etery walls. In the surface opened by the
crack an elongation of the medieval foun¬
dation was documented, showing the side
of the medieval nave and the limit of the
reconstructions in the early 19th century.
The examination of the walls brought
new data about the history of the building.
We think that from the earliest sanctu¬
ary the west side is still standing until the
first buttress, where the appearing plinth
marks the limit of the Gothic construc¬
tions. In the roof of the south entrance
the remains of two medieval windows can
be seen, one belongs to the Romanic, the
other to the Gothic period. None of them
is visible from the outside. We also think
that another building can be located west
to the vestry, possibly an early phase of it
or an ossarium. The bell dated in
1505
was used in a wood tower mentioned in
1731.
The actual bell tower was erected in
the beginning of the 19th century.
108 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Botár, István |
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| geographic | Ciuc (DE-588)4404654-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ciuc |
| id | DE-604.BV036127829 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-18T18:08:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789736652844 |
| language | Hungarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020210189 |
| oclc_num | 644211716 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 110 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Pallas-Akad. Könyk. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Botár, István Verfasser (DE-588)141064714 aut Kövek, falak, templomok régészeti kutatások Csík középkori templomaiban 2002-2007 között Botár István Csíkszereda Pallas-Akad. Könyk. 2009 110 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in rumän. u. in engl. Spr. Geschichte 2002-2007 gnd rswk-swf Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Kirche (DE-588)4030702-5 gnd rswk-swf Ciuc (DE-588)4404654-6 gnd rswk-swf Ciuc (DE-588)4404654-6 g Kirche (DE-588)4030702-5 s Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Geschichte 2002-2007 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020210189&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020210189&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Botár, István Kövek, falak, templomok régészeti kutatások Csík középkori templomaiban 2002-2007 között Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Kirche (DE-588)4030702-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002827-6 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4030702-5 (DE-588)4404654-6 |
| title | Kövek, falak, templomok régészeti kutatások Csík középkori templomaiban 2002-2007 között |
| title_auth | Kövek, falak, templomok régészeti kutatások Csík középkori templomaiban 2002-2007 között |
| title_exact_search | Kövek, falak, templomok régészeti kutatások Csík középkori templomaiban 2002-2007 között |
| title_full | Kövek, falak, templomok régészeti kutatások Csík középkori templomaiban 2002-2007 között Botár István |
| title_fullStr | Kövek, falak, templomok régészeti kutatások Csík középkori templomaiban 2002-2007 között Botár István |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kövek, falak, templomok régészeti kutatások Csík középkori templomaiban 2002-2007 között Botár István |
| title_short | Kövek, falak, templomok |
| title_sort | kovek falak templomok regeszeti kutatasok csik kozepkori templomaiban 2002 2007 kozott |
| title_sub | régészeti kutatások Csík középkori templomaiban 2002-2007 között |
| topic | Archäologie (DE-588)4002827-6 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Kirche (DE-588)4030702-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Archäologie Ausgrabung Kirche Ciuc |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020210189&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020210189&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT botaristvan kovekfalaktemplomokregeszetikutatasokcsikkozepkoritemplomaiban20022007kozott |