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Nanoscience: the science of the small in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and medicine

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Schaefer, Hans-Eckhardt 1939- (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Heidelberg [u.a.] Springer 2010
Subjects:	Nanoscience Nanowissenschaften
Online Access:	Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis
Item Description:	Literaturangaben
Physical Description:	XXIII, 772 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm
ISBN:	9783642105586 9783662518663

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245	1	0	\|a Nanoscience \|b the science of the small in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and medicine \|c Hans-Eckhardt Schaefer
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adam_text	CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND SOME PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES 7 1.2.1 VIOLATION OF THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR SMALL SYSTEMS AND SHORT TIMESCALES 7 1.2.2 SURFACE ENERGY 8 1.2.3 THERMAL CONDUCTANCE 9 1.2.4 MELTING OF NANOPARTICLES 11 1.2.5 LATTICE PARAMETER 12 1.2.6 PHASE TRANSITIONS 13 1.3 ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES 14 1.3.1 ELECTRON STATES IN DEPENDENCE OF SIZE AND DIMENSIONALITY 14 1.3.2 THE ELECTRON DENSITY OF STATES D(E) 16 1.3.3 LUTTINGER LIQUID BEHAVIOR OF ELECTRONS IN ID METALS . 17 1.3.4 SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 17 1.4 GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE (GMR) AND SPINTRONICS 19 1.4.1 GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE (GMR) AND TUNNELING MAGNETORESISTANCE (TMR) 21 1.4.2 SPINTRONICS IN SEMICONDUCTORS 23 1.4.3 SPIN HALL EFFECT 26 1.5 SELF-ASSEMBLY 27 1.5.1 SELF-ASSEMBLY OF NI NANOCLUSTERS ON RH (111) VIAFRIEDEL OSCILLATIONS 28 1.5.2 SELF-ASSEMBLY OF FE NANOPARTICLES BY STRAIN PATTERNS 29 1.5.3 CHIRAL KAGOME LATTICE FROM MOLECULAR BRICKS . 29 1.5.4 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS (SAMS) 30 1.5.5 MAGNETIC ASSEMBLY OF COLLOIDAL SUPERSTRUCTURES . 31 1.5.6 SELF-ASSEMBLY VIA DNA OR PROTEINS 33 1.6 CASIMIR FORCES 33 1.7 NANOSCALE MEASURING TECHNIQUES 35 1.7.1 DISPLACEMENT SENSING 35 BIBLIOGRAFISCHE INFORMATIONEN HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1000032825 DIGITALISIERT DURCH CONTENTS 1.7.2 MASS SENSING 35 1.7.3 SENSING OF WEAK MAGNETIC FIELDS AT THE NANOSCALE . . 36 1.7.4 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) AT THE NANOSCALE 37 1.7.5 PROBING SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AT THE NANOSCALE BY SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY (STM) 39 1.7.6 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY ON THE NANOMETRIC SCALE . 40 1.7.7 "NANOSIZED VOLTMETER" FOR MAPPING OF ELECTRIC FIELDS IN CELLS 40 1.7.8 DETECTION OF CALCIUM AT THE NANOMETER SCALE 41 1.8 SUMMARY 43 REFERENCES 44 MICROSCOPY - NANOSCOPY 49 2.1 SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY (STM) 49 2.1.1 SCANNING UNITS, ELECTRONICS, SOFTWARE 50 2.1.2 CONSTANT CURRENT IMAGING (CCI) 51 2.1.3 CONSTANT-HEIGHT IMAGING (CHI) 53 2.1.4 SYNCHROTRON RADIATION ASSISTED STM (SRSTM) FOR NANOSCALE CHEMICAL IMAGING 54 2.1.5 STUDYING BULK PROPERTIES AND VOLUME ATOMIC DEFECTS BY STM 54 2.1.6 RADIOFREQUENCY STM 56 2.2 ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (AFM) 56 2.2.1 TOPOGRAPHIC IMAGING BY AFM IN CONTACT MODE . 57 2.2.2 FRICTIONAL FORCE MICROSCOPY 59 2.2.3 NON-CONTACT FORCE MICROSCOPY 59 2.2.4 CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL SURFACE ATOMS BY AFM 60 2.2.5 AFM IN BIONANOTECHNOLOGY 61 2.3 SCANNING NEAR-FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY (SNOM) 61 2.3.1 SCANNING NEAR-FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY (SNOM) 63 2.3.2 NEAR-FIELD SCANNING INTERFEROMETRIC APERTURELESS MICROSCOPY (SIAM) 64 2.3.3 MAPPING VECTOR FIELDS IN NANOSCALE NEAR-FIEL CONTENTS XIII 2.4.4 VIDEO-RATE FAR-FIELD NANOOPTICAL OBSERVATION OF SYNAPTIC VESICLE MOVEMENT 73 2.5 MAGNETIC SCANNING PROBE TECHNIQUES 74 2.5.1 MAGNETIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (MFM) 74 2.5.2 SPIN-POLARIZED SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY (SP-STM) 75 2.6 PROGRESS IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 76 2.6.1 ABERRATION-CORRECTED ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 76 2.6.2 TEM NANOTOMOGRAPHY AND HOLOGRAPHY 81 2.6.3 CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND TOMOGRAPHY 81 2.7 X-RAY MICROSCOPY 84 2.7.1 LENS-BASED X-RAY MICROSCOPY 85 2.7.2 X-RAY NANOTOMOGRAPHY 87 2.7.3 LENS-LESS COHERENT X-RAY DIFFRACTION IMAGING . 89 2.7.4 UPCOMING X-RAY FREE-ELECTRON LASERS (XFEL) AND SINGLE BIOMOLECULE IMAGING 89 2.8 THREE-DIMENSIONAL ATOM PROBES (3DAPS) 91 2.9 SUMMARY 95 REFERENCES 95 3 SYNTHESIS 99 3.1 NANOCRYSTALS AND CLUSTERS 99 3.1.1 FROM SUPERSATURATED VAPORS 99 3.1.2 PARTICLE SYNTHESIS BY CHEMICAL ROUTES 101 3.1.3 SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS (QUANTUM DOTS) . 104 3.1.4 DOPING OF NANOCRYSTALS 104 3.1.5 MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES 105 3.2 SUPERLATTICES OF NANOCRYSTALS IN TWO (2D) AND THREE (3D) DIMENSIONS 107 3.2.1 FREE-STANDING NANOPARTICLE SUPERLATTICE SHEETS . . 107 3.2.2 3D SUPERLATTICES OF BINARY NANOPARTICLES 109 3.3 NANOWIRES AND NANOFIBERS ILL 3.3.1 VAPOR-LIQUID-SOLID (VLS) GROWTH OF NANOWIRES . . 113 3.3.2 PINE TREE NANOWIRES WITH ESHELBY TWIST 116 3.3.3 ULTRATHIN NANOWIRES 117 3.3. XIV CONTENTS 3.7 NANOSTRUCTURES BY BALL MILLING OR STRONG PLASTIC DEFORMATION 136 3.8 CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES 137 3.8.1 FULLERENES 137 3.8.2 SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (SWNTS) - SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 139 3.8.3 GRAPHENE 143 3.9 NANOPOROUS MATERIALS 145 3.9.1 ZEOLITES AND MESOPOROUS METAL OXIDES 145 3.9.2 NANOSTRUCTURED GERMANIUM 150 3.9.3 NANOPOROUS METALS 150 3.9.4 SINGLE NANOPORES - POTENTIALS FOR DNA SEQUENCING . 152 3.10 LITHOGRAPHY 154 3.10.1 UV OPTICAL LITHOGRAPHY 155 3.10.2 ELECTRON BEAM LITHOGRAPHY 157 3.10.3 PROTON-BEAM WRITING 157 3.10.4 NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY (NIL) 158 3.10.5 DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY (DPN) 158 3.10.6 BLOCK COPOLYMER LITHOGRAPHY 159 3.10.7 PROTEIN NANOLITHOGRAPHY 162 3.10.8 FABRICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES IN SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS . 163 3.10.9 TWO-PHOTON LITHOGRAPHY FOR MICROFABRICATION . 164 3.11 SUMMARY 165 REFERENCES 165 4 NANOCRYSTALS - NANOWIRES - NANOLAYERS 169 4.1 NANOCRYSTALS 169 4.1.1 SYNTHESIS OF NANOCRYSTALS 169 4.1.2 METAL NANOCRYSTALLITES - STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES . . . 172 4.1.3 SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS 174 4.1.4 COLORFUL NANOPARTICLES 178 4.1.5 DOUBLE QUANTUM DOTS FOR OPERATING SINGLE-ELECTRON SPINS AS QUBITS FOR QUANTUM COMPUTING 181 4.1.6 QUANTUM DOT DATA STORAGE DEVICES 183 4.2 NANOWIRES AND METAMATERIALS 183 4.2.1 METALLIC NANOWIRES 183 4.2. CONTENTS XV 4.3.2 2D QUANTUM WELLS IN HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS 196 4.3.3 THE INTEGRAL QUANTUM HALL EFFECT (IQHE) 196 4.3.4 THE FRACTIONAL QUANTUM HALL EFFECT (FQHE) 198 4.3.5 2D ELECTRON GASES (2DEG) AT OXIDE INTERFACES . . . . 199 4.3.6 MULTILAYER EUV AND X-RAY MIRRORS WITH HIGH REFLECTIVITY 201 4.4 SUMMARY 205 REFERENCES 205 5 CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES - TUBES, GRAPHENE, FULLERENES, WAVE-PARTICLE DUALITY 209 5.1 NANOTUBES 209 5.1.1 SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOTUBES 209 5.1.2 STRUCTURE OF CARBON NANOTUBES 212 5.1.3 ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES 214 5.1.4 HETERONANOCONTACTS BETWEEN CARBON NANOTUBES AND METALS 219 5.1.5 OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES . 219 5.1.6 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES 220 5.1.7 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES 220 5.1.8 CARBON NANOTUBES AS NANOPROBES AND NANOTWEEZERS IN PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND BIOLOGY . . 224 5.1.9 OTHER TUBULAR ID CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES 227 5.1.10 FILLING AND FUNCTIONALIZING CARBON NANOTUBES . 230 5.1.11 NANOTUBES FROM MATERIALS OTHER THAN PURE CARBON . . 235 5.1.12 APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES 236 5.2 GRAPHENE 245 5.2.1 IMAGING OF GRAPHENE, DEFECTS, AND ATOMIC DYNAMICS 246 5.2.2 ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF GRAPHENE, MASSLESS RELATIVISTIC DIRAC FERMIONS, AND CHIRALITY 248 5.2.3 QUANTUM HALL EFFECT 250 5.2. VI CONTENTS 6 NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 267 6.1 MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES AND OF THE PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 267 6.2 GRAIN BOUNDARY STRUCTURE 268 6.3 PLASTICITY AND HALL-PETCH BEHAVIOR OF NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 271 6.4 PLASTICITY STUDIES BY NANOINDENTATION 276 6.5 ULTRASTRENGTH NANOMATERIALS 279 6.6 ENHANCEMENT OF BOTH STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY 282 6.7 SUPERPLASTICITY 285 6.8 FATIGUE 288 6.9 NANOCOMPOSITES 290 6.9.1 METALLIC NANOCOMPOSITES 290 6.9.2 CERAMIC/METAL NANOCOMPOSITES WITH DIAMOND-LIKE HARDENING 292 6.9.3 OXIDE/DYE/POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES - OPTICAL PROPERTIES 293 6.9.4 POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES 294 6.10 NANOCRYSTALLINE CERAMICS 300 6.10.1 LOW THERMAL EXPANSION NANOCRYSTALLITE- GLASS CERAMICS 301 6.11 ATOMIC DIFFUSION IN NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 303 6.12 SURFACE-CONTROLLED ACTUATION AND MANIPULATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES 306 6.12.1 CHARGE-INDUCED REVERSIBLE STRAIN IN NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS 307 6.12.2 ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES MADE OF CARBON NANOTUBES . 308 6.12.3 ELECTRIC FIELD-CONTROLLED MAGNETISM IN NANOSTRUCTURED METALS 308 6.12.4 SURFACE CHEMISTRY-DRIVEN ACTUATION IN NANOPOROUS GOLD 310 6.13 SUMMARY 310 REFERENCES 310 7 NANOMECHANICS - NANOPHOTONIC CONTENTS 7.4 SINGLE-PHOTON AND ENTANGLED-PHOTON SOURCES AND PHOTON DETECTORS, BASED ON QUANTUM DOTS 325 7.4.1 SINGLE-PHOTON SOURCES 325 7.4.2 ENTANGLED-PHOTON SOURCES 327 7.4.3 SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTION 328 7.5 QUANTUM DOT LASERS 329 7.6 PLASMONICS 331 7.6.1 PLASMON-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF METALLIC NANOPARTICLES 334 7.6.2 EXTINCTION BEHAVIOR OF NANOPARTICLES AND ARRAYS . . . 335 7.6.3 PLASMONIC NANOCAVITIES 337 7.6.4 SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY (SERS) AND FLUORESCENCE 338 7.6.5 RECEIVER-TRANSMITTER NANOANTENNA PAIRS 341 7.6.6 ELECTRO-OPTICAL NANOTRAPS FOR NEUTRAL ATOMS 341 7.6.7 UNIFYING NANOPHOTONICS AND NANOMECHANICS 342 7.6.8 INTEGRATION OF OPTICAL MANIPULATION AND NANOFLUIDICS 342 7.6.9 SINGLE-PHOTON TRANSISTOR 343 7.6.10 APPLICATION PROSPECTS OF PLASMONICS 343 7.7 2D-CONFINEMENT OF FLUIDS, WETTING, AND SPREADING 346 7.7.1 PHASE TRANSITIONS INDUCED BY NANOCONFINEMENT OF LIQUID WATER 347 7.7.2 FLUID FLOW AND WETTING 348 7.7.3 SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES 348 7.7.4 LIQUID SPREADING UNDER NANOSCALE CONFINEMENT . . . 349 7.8 FAST TRANSPORT OF LIQUIDS AND GASES THROUGH CARBON NANOTUBES 351 7.8.1 LIMITS OF CONTINUUM HYDRODYNAMICS AT THE NANOSCALE 351 7.8.2 WATER TRANSPORT IN CNTS 351 7.8.3 GAS TRANSPORT IN CNTS 353 7.9 NANODROPLETS 353 7.9.1 DYNAMICS OF NANOSCOPIC WATER IN MICELLES 353 7.9.2 NANOSCALE DOUBLE EMULSIONS 354 7.9. CONTENTS NANOMAGNETISM 365 8.1 MAGNETIC IMAGING 365 8.1.1 MAGNETIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (MFM) AND MAGNETIC EXCHANGE FORCE MICROSCOPY (MEX FM) . . 366 8.1.2 SPIN-POLARIZED SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY (SP-STM) AND MANIPULATION 370 8.1.3 ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 376 8.1.4 X-RAY MAGNETIC CIRCULAR DICHROISM (XMCD) . 381 8.2 SIZE AND DIMENSIONALITY EFFECTS IN NANOMAGNETISM - SINGLE ATOMS, CLUSTERS (OD), WIRES (ID), FILMS (2D) 383 8.2.1 SINGLE ATOMS 384 8.2.2 FINITE-SIZE ATOMIC CLUSTERS 386 8.2.3 FERROMAGNETIC NANOWIRES 388 8.2.4 MAGNETIC FILMS (2D) 393 8.2.5 CURIE TEMPERATURE TC IN DEPENDENCE OF SIZE, DIMENSIONALITY, AND CHARGING 396 8.3 SOFT-MAGNETIC MATERIALS 397 8.4 NANOSTRUCTURED HARD MAGNETS 399 8.5 ANTIFERROMAGNETIC AND COMPLEX MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES . . 401 8.5.1 SPIN STRUCTURE OF ANTIFERROMAGNETIC DOMAIN WALLS . . 403 8.5.2 ANTIFERROMAGNETIC MONATOMIC CHAINS 403 8.5.3 ANTIFERROMAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES 403 8.5.4 COMPLEX MAGNETIC STRUCTURE OF AN IRON MONOLAYERONLR(LLL) 407 8.6 FERROMAGNETIC NANORINGS 407 8.7 CURRENT-INDUCED DOMAIN WALL MOTION IN MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES 410 8.8 SINGLE MOLECULE MAGNETS 412 8.9 MULTIFERROIC NANOSTRUCTURES 412 8.10 MAGNETICALLY TUNABLE PHOTONIC CRYSTALS OF SUPERPARAMAGNETIC COLLOIDS 416 8.11 NANOMAGNETS IN BACTERIA 417 8.11. CONTENTS XIX 9.4.2 MAGNETORESISTIVE RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORIES (MRAM) 441 9.4.3 FERROELECTRIC RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORIES (FERAM) . . 446 9.4.4 RESISTANCE RANDOM ACCESS MEMORIES (RERAMS) . . 447 9.4.5 CARBON-NANOTUBE (CNT)-BASED DATA STORAGE DEVICES (NRAM) 448 9.4.6 MAGNETIC DOMAIN WALL RACETRACK MEMORIES (RM) . . 450 9.4.7 SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNETS 452 9.4.8 10 TERABIT/INCH 2 BLOCK COPOLYMER (BCP) STORAGE MEDIA 452 9.5 MAGNETIC HARD DISKS AND WRITE/READ HEADS 454 9.5.1 EXTENSIONS TO HARD DISK MAGNETIC RECORDING 456 9.5.2 MAGNETIC WRITE HEAD AND READ BACK HEAD 457 9.6 OPTICAL HARD DISKS 462 9.6.1 PRINCIPLES AND MATERIALS CONSIDERATIONS 463 9.6.2 MAGNETO-OPTICAL RECORDING 466 9.6.3 MULTILAYER RECORDING 467 9.6.4 HOLOGRAPHIC DATA STORAGE 468 9.7 HIGH-/: DIELECTRICS FOR REPLACING SIO2 INSULATION IN MEMORY AND LOGIC DEVICES 470 9.8 HOW-K MATERIALS AS INTERLAYER DIELECTRICS (ILD) 471 9.9 SUMMARY 474 REFERENCES 474 10 NANOCHEMISTRY - FROM SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY TO CHEMISTRY ON THE NANOSCALE, CATALYSIS, RENEWABLE ENERGY, BATTERIES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 477 10.1 SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY 477 10.1.1 ARCHITECTURE IN SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY 478 10.1.2 SUPRAMOLECULAR MATERIALS 480 10.1.3 MOLECULAR RECOGNITION, REACTIVITY, CATALYSIS, AND TRANSPORT 484 10.1. XX CONTENTS 10.4 CATALYSIS 502 10.4.1 AU NANOCRYSTALS 502 10.4.2 PT NANOCATALYSTS 505 10.4.3 PD NANOCATALYSTS 506 10.4.4 M0S2 NANOCATALYSTS AS MODEL CATALYSTS FOR HYDRODESULFURIZATION (HDS) 507 10.4.5 IN SITU PHASE ANALYSIS OF A CATALYST 509 10.5 RENEWABLE ENERGY 510 10.6 SOLAR ENERGY - PHOTOVOLTAICS 510 10.6.1 NITROGEN-DOPED NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2 FILMS SENSITIZED BY CDSE QUANTUM DOTS 511 10.6.2 POLYMER-BASED SOLAR CELLS 512 10.6.3 SILICON NANOSTRUCTURES 512 10.7 SOLAR ENERGY - THERMAL CONVERSION 514 10.8 ANTIREFLECTION (AR) COATING 515 10.9 CONVERSION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICITY 516 10.10 HYDROGEN STORAGE AND FUEL CELLS 516 10.11 LITHIUM ION BATTERIES AND SUPERCAPACITORS 519 10.11.1 CARBON NANOTUBE CATHODES 519 10.11.2 TIN-BASED ANODES 519 10.11.3 LIFEPO 4 CATHODES 520 10.11.4 SUPERCAPACITORS ' 522 10.12 ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY 522 10.13 SUMMARY 524 REFERENCES 524 11 BIOLOGY ON THE NANOSCALE 527 11.1 THE CELL - NANOSIZED COMPONENTS, MECHANICS, AND DISEASES . 528 11.1.1 CELL STRUCTURE 529 11.1.2 MECHANICS, MOTION, AND DEFORMATION OF CELLS . 532 11.1.3 CELL ADHESION 533 11.1.4 DISEASE-INDUCED ALTERATIONS OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SINGLE LIVING CELLS 534 11.1.5 CONTROL OF CELL FUNCTIONS BY THE SIZE O CONTENTS XXI 11.3.2 FROM ELASTICITY TO ENZYMOLOGY 557 11.3.3 UNZIPPING OF DNA 559 11.3.4 PROTEIN MECHANICS 560 11.4 MOLECULAR MOTORS AND MACHINES 563 11.4.1 MYOSIN 564 11.4.2 KINESIN 567 11.4.3 MOTOR-CARGO LINKAGE AND REGULATION 568 11.4.4 DISEASES 569 11.4.5 ATP SYNTHASE (ATPASE) 569 11.5 MEMBRANE CHANNELS 571 11.5.1 THE K+ CHANNEL 571 11.5.2 THECA 2+ CHANNEL 573 11.5.3 THE CHLORIDE (CL") CHANNEL 575 11.5.4 THE AQUAPORIN WATER CHANNEL 575 11.5.5 PROTEIN CHANNELS 576 11.5.6 PENTAMERIC LIGAND-GATED ION CHANNELS 579 11.5.7 NUCLEARPORES 579 11.6 BIOMIMETICS 580 11.6.1 ENERGY CONVERSION 580 11.6.2 SENSING 582 11.6.3 SIGNALING 583 11.6.4 MOLECULAR MOTORS 583 11.6.5 MATERIALS 585 11.6.6 ARTIFICIAL CELLS - PROSPECTS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY . 590 11.7 BONE AND TEETH 593 11.7.1 BONE 594 11.7.2 TOOTH STRUCTURE AND RESTORATION 596 11.8 PHOTONIC BIONANOSTRUCTURES - COLORS OF BUTTERFLIES AND BEETLES 597 11.8.1 STRUCTURES 598 11.8.2 FORMATION PROCESSES OF PHOTONIC BIONANOSTRUCTURES . 601 11.9 LOTUS LEAF EFFECT - HYDROPHOBICITY AND SELF-CLEANING . 601 11.10 FOOD NANOSTRUCTURES 604 11.11 COSMETICS 605 11.11.1 SKIN CARE 606 11.11.2 ENCAPSULATING A FRAGRANCE IN NANOCAPSULES 608 11.11.3 PBS NANOCRYSTALS IN ANCIENT HAIR DYEING 609 11.1 CONTENTS 12.2.3 CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASOUND TECHNIQUES 632 12.2.4 POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) 635 12.2.5 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY IMAGING 637 12.2.6 PHOTOACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY 637 12.2.7 BIOMOLECULAR DETECTION FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS . . . 637 12.3 NANOARRAYS AND NANOFLUIDICS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY . . . 650 12.3.1 LAB-ON-A-CHIP 651 12.3.2 MICROARRAYS AND NANOARRAYS 652 12.3.3 MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 653 12.3 A INTEGRATION OF NANODEVICES IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS . . 656 12.3.5 IMPLANTED CHIPS 656 12.4 TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY BY NANOPARTICLES 658 12.4.1 POROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES FOR TARGETING CANCER CELLS 659 12.4.2 GENE THERAPY AND DRUG DELIVERY FOR CANCER TREATMENT 662 12.4.3 LIPOSOMES AND MICELLES AS NANOCARRIERS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND DRUG DELIVERY 667 12.4.4 DRUG DELIVERY BY MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES 670 12.4.5 NANOSHELLS FOR THERMAL DRUG DELIVERY 672 12.4.6 PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY 672 12.5 BRAIN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY WITH NANOPLATFORMS . . . 672 12.5.1 GENERAL COMMENTS 674 12.5.2 MRI CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT WITH MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES 674 12.5.3 NANOPARTICLES FOR CHEMOTHERAPY 675 12.5.4 TARGETED MULTIFUNCTIONAL POLYACRYLAMIDE (PAA) NANOPARTICLES FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (PDT) AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) 676 12.6 HYPERTHERMIA TREATMENT OF TUMORS BY USING TARGETED NANOPARTICLES 678 12.6. CONTENTS XXIII 12.8 NANOBIOMATERIALS FOR ARTIFICIAL TISSUES 704 12.8.1 ENHANCEMENT OF OSTEOBLAST FUNCTION BY CARBON NANOTUBES ON TITANIUM IMPLANTS 705 12.8.2 NANOSTRUCTURED BIOCERAMICS FOR BONE RESTORATION . . 706 12.8.3 FIBROUS NANOBIOMATERIALS AS BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING SCAFFOLDS 707 12.8.4 TISSUE ENGINEERING OF SKIN 708 12.8.5 ANGIOGENESIS 708 12.8.6 PROMOTING NEURON ADHESION AND GROWTH 708 12.8.7 SPINAL CORD IN VITRO SURROGATE 710 12.8.8 EFFORTS FOR SYNTHESIZING CHROMOSOMES 712 12.9 NANOSURGERY - PRESENT EFFORTS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS 712 12.9.1 FEMTOSECOND LASER SURGERY 712 12.9.2 SENTINEL LYMPH NODE SURGERY MAKING USE OF QUANTUM DOTS 713 12.9.3 PROGRESS TOWARD NANONEUROSURGERY 713 12.9.4 FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN NEUROSURGERY 714 12.10 NANODENTISTRY 717 12.10.1 NANOCOMPOSITES IN DENTAL RESTORATION 718 12.10.2 NANOLEAKAGE OF ADHESIVE INTERFACES 719 12.10.3 NANOSTRUCTURED BIOCERAMICS FOR MAXILLOFACIAL APPLICATIONS 720 12.10.4 RELEASE OF CA-PO4 FROM NANOCOMPOSITES FOR REMINERALIZATION OF TOOTH LESIONS AND INHIBITION OF CARIES 721 12.10.5 GROWING REPLACEMENT BIOTEETH 722 12.11 RISK ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES AND TOXICITY CONSIDERATIONS . . . . 723 12.11.1 RISK ASSESSMENT AND BIOHAZARD DETECTION 724 12.11.2 CYTOTOXICITY STUDIES ON CARBON, METAL, METAL OXIDE, AND SEMICONDUCTOR-BASED NANOPARTICLES . . . 725 12.12 SUMMARY 728 REFERENCES 728 NAM
any_adam_object	1
author	Schaefer, Hans-Eckhardt 1939-
author_GND	(DE-588)110195671
author_facet	Schaefer, Hans-Eckhardt 1939-
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dewey-search	620.5
dewey-sort	3620.5
dewey-tens	620 - Engineering and allied operations
discipline	Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik
format	Book
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isbn	9783642105586 9783662518663
language	English
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spelling	Schaefer, Hans-Eckhardt 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)110195671 aut Nanoscience the science of the small in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and medicine Hans-Eckhardt Schaefer Heidelberg [u.a.] Springer 2010 XXIII, 772 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Nanoscience Nanowissenschaften (DE-588)7734987-8 gnd rswk-swf Nanowissenschaften (DE-588)7734987-8 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-642-10559-3 text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3423680&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019010159&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Schaefer, Hans-Eckhardt 1939- Nanoscience the science of the small in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and medicine Nanoscience Nanowissenschaften (DE-588)7734987-8 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)7734987-8
title	Nanoscience the science of the small in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and medicine
title_auth	Nanoscience the science of the small in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and medicine
title_exact_search	Nanoscience the science of the small in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and medicine
title_full	Nanoscience the science of the small in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and medicine Hans-Eckhardt Schaefer
title_fullStr	Nanoscience the science of the small in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and medicine Hans-Eckhardt Schaefer
title_full_unstemmed	Nanoscience the science of the small in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and medicine Hans-Eckhardt Schaefer
title_short	Nanoscience
title_sort	nanoscience the science of the small in physics engineering chemistry biology and medicine
title_sub	the science of the small in physics, engineering, chemistry, biology and medicine
topic	Nanoscience Nanowissenschaften (DE-588)7734987-8 gnd
topic_facet	Nanoscience Nanowissenschaften
url	http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3423680&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019010159&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT schaeferhanseckhardt nanosciencethescienceofthesmallinphysicsengineeringchemistrybiologyandmedicine

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