High energy cosmic rays:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u. a.]
Springer
2010
Chichester, UK Praxis Publ. |
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Springer Praxis books in astronomy and planetary sciences
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 333 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783540851479 |
Internformat
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| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804141222333251584 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: High energy cosmic rays
Autor: Stanev, Todor
Jahr: 2010
Contents
Preface to the second edition..................................VII
Preface to the first edition..................................... IX
1 Overview ................................................. 1
1.1 Where does the cosmic ray field belong? ................... 1
1.2 Is progress in the cosmic ray field slow?.................... 7
1.3 Main topics for future research ........................... 9
1.4 How this book is organized............................... 11
Part I The Standard Model of Cosmic Rays
2 Cosmic ray interactions ................................... 17
2.1 Components and structure of matter ...................... 17
2.1.1 Strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions ........ 19
2.1.2 Units of energy and interaction strength ............. 19
2.2 Electromagnetic processes in matter....................... 20
2.2.1 Coulomb scattering ............................... 20
2.2.2 Ionization loss.................................... 21
2.2.3 Cherenkov light................................... 22
2.2.4 Compton scattering ............................... 23
2.2.5 Bremsstrahhing .................................. 24
2.2.6 Creation of electron-positron pairs .................. 27
2.3 Electromagnetic collisions on magnetic and photon fields..... 28
2.3.1 Synchrotron radiation ............................. 28
2.3.2 Inverse Compton effect ............................ 30
2.4 Inelastic hadronic interactions below 1,000 GeV ............ 31
2.4.1 Secondary particles spectra, average multiplicity and
inelasticity ....................................... 34
XII Contents
2.4.2 Kinematic variables and invariant cross-section ....... 38
2.5 Nuclear fragmentation................................... 39
3 The birth of cosmic rays .................................. 43
3.1 Stellar energetics. The pp chain ........................... 43
3.1.1 Solar neutrinos ................................... 45
3.1.2 Stellar evolution .................................. 51
3.1.3 Supernova explosions.............................. 54
3.1.4 Supernova neutrinos .............................. 55
3.1.5 Supernova remnants .............................. 59
3.2 Acceleration of cosmic rays............................... 62
3.2.1 Stochastic acceleration of charged particles........... 62
3.2.2 Particle acceleration at astrophysical shocks.......... 65
3.2.3 Acceleration with energy loss....................... 70
4 Cosmic rays in the Galaxy ................................ 73
4.1 Interstellar matter and magnetic field ..................... 74
4.2 Basic principles of the propagation ........................ 78
4.2.1 Particle diffusion ................................. 79
4.3 Formation of the chemical composition .................... 81
4.4 Diffuse galactic gamma rays.............................. 85
4.4.1 Relative importance of 7-ray production processes .... 86
4.4.2 More exact 7-ray yields............................ 87
4.4.3 Energy spectrum of 7-rays from the central Galaxy ... 88
5 Cosmic rays at the top of the atmosphere ................. 91
5.1 Cosmic ray detectors .................................... 92
5.2 Solar modulation ....................................... 96
5.3 Geomagnetic field effects................................. 99
5.4 Cosmic ray spectra and composition.......................102
5.4.1 Energy spectra of different cosmic ray components .... 107
5.4.2 Electron spectrum ................................116
5.4.3 Antiprotons ......................................119
6 Cosmic rays in the atmosphere............................121
6.1 Atmospheric structure ...................................122
6.2 Analytic approximations .................................124
6.2.1 Muons from meson decay ..........................126
6.3 Muon fluxes in the atmosphere ...........................128
6.3.1 Experimental results on atmospheric muons ..........129
7 Cosmic rays underground .................................137
7.1 High energy muons underground..........................138
7.2 Atmospheric neutrinos...................................146
7.2.1 Upward-going muons ..............................151
Contents XIII
7.2.2 Flux calculations .................................155
7.2.3 Experimental data ................................159
7.3 Neutrino oscillations ....................................162
7.3.1 Matter effects ....................................164
7.3.2 Oscillation parameters..............................165
Part II Contemporary Challenges
8 Cosmic ray showers .......................................175
8.1 Electromagnetic cascades ................................176
8.1.1 Electromagnetic cascade theory.....................177
8.1.2 Monte Carlo calculations ..........................181
8.2 Hadronic showers .......................................185
8.2.1 Air shower detection ..............................192
8.2.2 Reconstruction of the shower parameters from the
observations......................................194
8.3 Extension of the hadronic interaction models ...............205
8.3.1 The minijet model ................................206
8.3.2 Monte Carlo realization of QCD models .............208
8.3.3 Contemporary models used for the analysis of air
shower data ......................................211
8.4 Energy spectrum and composition at the knee ..............214
9 The end of the cosmic ray spectrum.......................223
9.1 Cosmic microwave background............................224
9.2 UHECR interactions on the microwave background .........225
9.2.1 Propagation of UHE protons in the Universe .........229
9.2.2 Propagation of UHE nuclei.........................233
9.3 Experimental results and implications .....................235
9.3.1 Giant air shower detectors .........................235
9.3.2 Spectrum and composition of UHECR...............239
9.3.3 Possible astrophysical sources of UHECR ............245
9.3.4 Exotic models ....................................249
9.4 UHECR astronomy .....................................253
9.4.1 Arrival directions of UHECR........................254
9.4.2 UHECR and the cosmic magnetic fields .............258
9.5 Current status of the field................................262
9.6 Future detectors ........................................264
10 High energy neutrino and gamma-ray astronomy..........269
10.1 The neutrino cross-section at very high energy..............271
10.2 Gamma-ray telescopes...................................272
10.2.1 Satellite gamma-ray telescopes.....................272
10.2.2 Ground-based gamma-ray telescopes ................273
XIV Contents
10.3 Galactic gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes ...................276
10.3.1 Galactic binary systems - Cygnus X-3 tales ..........277
10.3.2 Supernova remnants ..............................279
10.3.3 Observational constraints ..........................280
10.4 Extragalactic sources ....................................284
10.4.1 Observations of GeV and TeV gamma-rays
from extragalactic sources .........................285
10.4.2 Models of gamma-ray production in AGN............287
10.4.3 Models of neutrino production in AGN ..............291
10.4.4 Neutrino production in GRB .......................293
10.4.5 Diffuse extragalactic neutrinos......................294
10.4.6 Summary of the expected neutrino fluxes ............295
10.5 Neutrinos and UHE cosmic rays..........................298
10.5.1 Neutrinos from propagation of ultra high energy
cosmic, rays.......................................300
10.6 Detection of high energy astrophysical neutrinos ............303
10.6.1 Detection of neutrino-induced showers ...............304
10.6.2 Neutrino oscillations and neutrino telescopes .........307
10.6.3 Neutrino telescopes ...............................308
A Appendix..................................................315
A.l Physical constants.......................................315
A.2 Astrophysical constants..................................316
A.3 Properties of particles discussed in the book................316
References.....................................................319
Index..........................................................331
|
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| id | DE-604.BV036117882 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:12:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540851479 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Stanev, Todor Verfasser aut High energy cosmic rays Todor Stanev 2. ed. Berlin [u. a.] Springer 2010 Chichester, UK Praxis Publ. XIV, 333 S. graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer Praxis books in astronomy and planetary sciences Literaturangaben Cosmic rays Kosmische Strahlung (DE-588)4165371-3 gnd rswk-swf Kosmische Strahlung (DE-588)4165371-3 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019007936&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Stanev, Todor High energy cosmic rays Cosmic rays Kosmische Strahlung (DE-588)4165371-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4165371-3 |
| title | High energy cosmic rays |
| title_auth | High energy cosmic rays |
| title_exact_search | High energy cosmic rays |
| title_full | High energy cosmic rays Todor Stanev |
| title_fullStr | High energy cosmic rays Todor Stanev |
| title_full_unstemmed | High energy cosmic rays Todor Stanev |
| title_short | High energy cosmic rays |
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| topic | Cosmic rays Kosmische Strahlung (DE-588)4165371-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Cosmic rays Kosmische Strahlung |
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