Człowiek wobec świata: studium z metafizyki realistycznej
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Polish |
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Lublin
Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu. Katedra Metafizyki KUL
2009
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Schriftenreihe: | Biblioteka filozofii realistycznej
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Register // Personenregister Register // Sachregister Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Zmien. i poszerz. wyd. książki "Metafizyka w ekologii", Lublin, 1999 |
Beschreibung: | 202 SSeiten 22 cm |
ISBN: | 9788391880043 9788360144220 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION -I M. A. KR~PIEC 1/ A. MARYNIARCZYK 5
CHAPTER I AT SOURCES OF DEFORMATIONS OF VIEWS OF THE WORLD 9 1. IN A
TRAP OF PROGRESS 10 2. THE NEED OF UNDERSTANDING-GIVING COGNITION 15
3. IN SEARCH OF REALISTIC PHILOSOPHY 18 4. TASKS OF METAPHYSICAL
PHILOSOPHY 21 CHAPTER II IN SEARCH OF THE LOST VIEW OF THE WORLD 29 1.
THE MONISTIC VIEW OF THE WORLD 30 A. EVERYTHING HAS THE SAME NATURE 31
B. COMING INTO BEING AS COMPOSING ELEMENTS 36 C. TRAPS OF THE MONISTIC
INTERPRETATION 38 2. THE DUALISTIC VIEW OF THE WORLD 41 A. THE WORLD OF
THOUGHTS VERSUS THE WORLD OF SENSES 41 B. THE WORLD OF LAWS AND THE
WORLD OF FATE 44 C. THE WORLD OF IDEAS AND THE WORLD OF SHADOWS 45 D.
THE APPEARANCE AND PHENOMENALITY OF THE WORLD OF NATURE 48 E. LIMITS AND
TRAPS OF THE DUALISTIC INTERPRETATION 52 3. THE PLURALISTIC VIEW OF THE
WORLD A. MATERIAL SUBSTANCES AND THEIR NATURE B. THE WORLD OF LIVING AND
INANIMATE BEINGS C. THE ORIGIN AND DECLINE OF BEINGS D. MODIFICATIONS OF
BEINGS E. SENSES AND REASON IN SERVICE OF COGNITION F. AT THE FOUNDATION
OF WISDOM COGNITION G. IMPLICATIONS OF THE PLURALIST INTERPRETATION 4.
THE REALIST VIEW OFTHE WORLD A. THE WORLD AS THE WORK OF CREATION B.
WHAT ARE REAL BEINGS? C. THE NATURE OF REAL BEINGS D. THE SPECIFICITY OF
REALISTIC COGNITION E. THE UNIVERSALITY OF THE REALISTIC INTERPRETATION
F. IMPLICATIONS OF THE REALISTIC INTERPRETATION CHAPTER III THE TRUTH ON
THE REALISTIC VIEW OF THE WORLD 1. REAL BEINGS AND THEIR PROPERTIES 2.
WHAT ARE REAL BEINGS AND WHY DO THEY EXIST? 3. THE NECESSARY PROPERTIES
OF REAL BEINGS A. BEING IS THE THING B. BEING IS THE ONE C. BEINGS ARE
SOVEREIGN 4. THE RATIONALITY AND FINALITY OF THE WORLD A. BEINGS AS THE
BEARERS OF TRUTH B. BEINGS AS THE BEARERS OF GOODNESS C. GOOD AND THE
PROBLEM OF EVIL D. BEINGS AS THE BEARERS OF BEAUTY 54 54 57 61 63 66 68
70 71 73 75 77 79 85 87 89 89 92 96 96 101 106 110 110 117 128 134 5.
THE DISEOVERY OFBEING S INNER STRUETURE 144 A. WHAT ARE EXISTENTIAL
EOMPOSITIONS? 145 B. DISEERNING THE EXISTENTIAL EOMPOSITIONS 151 C. A
PHYSIEAL AND METAPHYSIEAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE EXISTENTIAL EOMPOSITIONS
155 6. THE DISEOVERY OF EAUSALLY-BOUND EXISTENEE OF BEINGS 162 A.
DISEERNING KINDS OF EAUSES 163 B. THE SPEEIFIEITY OF EAUSALITY 169 C.
COGNITION THROUGH EAUSES 173 7. THE DISEOVERY OF THE ANALOGY OF
EXISTENEE 175 A. THE SPEEIFIEITY OF THE ANALOGIE AL MODE OF EXISTING 175
B. AN ANALOGIEAL EOGNITION OFBEINGS 178 C. THE WORLD AND THE PROBLEM OF
THE ABSOLUTE 181 CONCLUSION 185 SUMMARY 187 INDEX OF NAMES 193 INDEX OF
SUBJECTS 197
Summary
Contemporary man faces a crisis caused by the unlimited progress and
uncontrolled development of science and technology, what in consequence
has led to deformation and devastation of the natural environment of
human life. As long as the idea of progress was connected to the whole
of human life and activity, and served the perfecting of human person,
it constituted no danger for man. However, when the progress became
detached from the striving to achieve perfection and directed towards
improving life conditions at all costs, when it aimed at inventions and
subordinated scientific research exclusively to practical goals, it has
become the source of a crisis leading to the de-humanization of culture.
This mode of acting is first of all a consequence of contaminating human
thinking with theories and scientific ideologies constructed a priori, and
of absolutizing them. Instead of learning to cognize and to understand
the world of persons and objects, man manipulates it, subordinating to
immediate goals and not to the search for truth.
The road to overcome the crisis is the restoration of the full truth
about man and the world through developing philosophical reflection.
The fundamental cognition of reality that assures such a restoration
is a metaphysical cognition. This cognition allows us to grasp and to
disclose multi-aspectual relations between man’s cognition and activity,
between understanding and acting towards both himself and the world
of nature. Only realistic philosophy provides us with such a cognition,
the cognition that provides knowledge on what things are, why they are
188
Summary
so, what is the goal of their existence, who is human being. Contem-
porary philosophies are laden with various apriorisms. Any uncritical
acceptance of them results in the fact that philosophy which should
guard truth, manipulates truth, thereby entangling itself in absurds of
nihlism. In contemporary culture the realistic metaphysics is to help to
retain the legacy of realistic cognition and to secure the possibility of
progress and development understood as perfecting oneself.
Looking at the history of phi losophy we may indicate various images
of the world created in various historical moments which determine vari-
ous understandings of being, especially of human being. Some of them
are still vividly present nowadays and determine the understanding of
science and technology as well as man’s relation to the world of nature
and persons. There ar four basic conceptions of the world: monistic,
dualistic, pluralistic, and realistic.
Monistic conceptions first appeared among ancient natural philoso-
phers. They were searching for an eternal and indestructible pra-ele-
ment ( arché) from which the world arises. It was water (Thales), fire
(Heraclitus) or a mixture of homogeneous particles (Anaxagoras). In
the Ionic philosophy the plurality and variety of beings was reduced
to a merely phenomenal appearance, for things are in fact multiplica-
tions of one eternal and indestructible element or a combination of such
elements. Contemporary, such an interpretation occurred in marxism,
empiricism, and outside of philosophy: in physics and biology. One
consequence of this view is the absence of any basis for differentiation
and individualization in the existing reality. For everything has the same
nature.
Dualism makes another attempt at philosophical understanding of
the reality. In this conception - whose fathers were Parmenides and Plato
- the reality was broken into a true world and a seeming one, a world
of being and that of non-being, a world of good and a world of evil. For
Plato only the world of ideas makes the world of real beings; and the
human being also reflects the dualism of the world. A negative result
of such a view of the world was, among other things, some depreciation
of the material world, as the whole reality was reduced to the immate-
rial world; the material world was seen as a second-rate reality. This
Summary
189
division has been deeply entrenched in culture, science, and technol-
ogy, as well as transferred to such domains as ethics, anthropology and
politics.
Quite a different view of the world was developed by Aristotle. He
recognized the plurality of existing beings as something true and not
only seeming. At the same time he determined that although beings are
always composed, the whole of a composed being is something more
than just a sum of its parts. The real world consists of individually exist-
ing things. The above theses constituted the foundation for his realism.
When explaining the nature of things Aristotle appealed to a hyle-mor-
phic structure of being. He suggested not only a new view of the world,
but also a proper method for cognizing it, the method that guaranteed
discovering the nature of the world and the structure of individual be-
ings. Thanks to Aristotle’s interpretation the reality revealed itself as far
richer than it was assumed in other views. And even if he did not solve
many problems, e.g. the issue of the eternity of the world, he neverthe-
less opened a road to a realistic interpretation of the reality.
A realistic view of the world was developed by Thomas Aquinas.
He pointed to the existence as to the principal factor of being real. This
is why his considerations concerned not just movements — as it was in
the case of Aristotle — but were concentrated upon the existence of the
world and upon its causes. He explained the plurality of beings by ap-
pealing to the individuality of each act of existence that individuates a
certain essence, and that is expressed by it. Aquinas claimed that man
cognizes the world by first cognizing the existence of concrete things,
then analyzing the mode of their existence, and finaly discovering the
ultimate reason of their being. The philosophical idea of the world as
created ex nihilo occurred for the first time in his thought. According
to Aquinas everything what exists is given its existence by the Abso-
lute Being — God. This conception was developed against the legacy of
Aquinas’ predecessors. Along with the change in the view of the world,
also the method of cognition had to be changed, as it had to allow us
to reach the truth of the being’s existence: in Aquinas’ conception ab-
straction was replaced by separation that enable us to grasp the whole
of being and to disclose its constitutive elements.
190
Summary
The realistic interpretation of the whole reality gives as a view of
the world of persons, things, plants, and animals as a natural environ-
ment in which each being realizes its own proper goal and actualizes
potentialities lied in it. Within this interpretation we are able to discover
what beings are and why they exist; and we discover certain transcen-
dental properties (transcendentals) thanks to which we are able to see the
world as a set of various things to be cognized. Those transcendentals
give us knowledge on the whole of the world on the basis of the analogy
in existence. The cognition obtained within the framework set by the
transcendentals constitutes the basis of any other type of cognition. The
most fundamental transcendental is being which indicates the essence
and existence as the basic and necessary constituents of real beings. The
other transcendentals grasp in various aspects those properties that are
virtually contained in the transcendental “being”. The transcendental
“thing” discloses that any real being is content-determined; “something”
- that things are sovereign beings; the transcendental dtruth” reveals
that things are the bearers of truth , i.e. they are originated in an intel-
lect and this makes any cognition of them possible; the transcendental
“goodness” makes us realize that beings are the bearers of good because
they originate in the will of an originator or the Creator. And real beings
may be characterized as beauty, for they are the synthesis of goodness
and beauty through their existential relation to the intellect of God or
of an originator. The content of metaphysical experience grasped in the
transcendentals discloses the foundation of a rational order of the world.
This order is expressed in the first principles such as: the principle of
identity, of non-contradiction, of excluded middle, of sufficient reason,
of finality, and of integrity.
The discovery what beings are and what properties they possess, as
well as the discovery of the finality and rationality of the world demands
adding some further explanation concerning the inner structure of being.
Despite the success of the modem and contemporary natural sciences the
structure and nature of existing things remains unexplained. A science
that is able to provide us with such an explanation is metaphysics. One
of the greatest discoveries of metaphysics is the discovery that things
exist as composed. Of course, existential compositions are understood
Summary
191
in a different way than they are understood in particular sciences. In
metaphysical research one searches for such “constituents” of being
without which no being can exist and function. When discovering the
inner structure of beings we become thereby aware of the limit of any
further changes of compositional elements. It is important to arrive at the
existential composition of being not only from the point of of the history
of philosophy but also of the natural sciences in order to break with a
reductionist explanation of the reality. When explaining the dynamics of
beings we discover that beings are composed of act and potency; taking
into account that fact that beings undergo transformations we notice
the composition of being with form and matter, and this composition
allows us to explain the very fact of transformations as well as their
limits. Taking into account in turn the existential identity we arrive at
the composition of being with substantial and accidental constituents.
And finally, when explaining the contingent mode of existence, we ar-
rive at the composition of being of essence and existence.
Within a complicated process of cognition giving the understand-
ing of the world we also arrive at fundamental causes that allow us to
understand the existence and workings of existing things. One indicates
the following causes: final, efficient, formal, material. In the history the
material cause was first discovered; as the last ones: final (by Aristotle)
and creative (by Thomas Aquinas). These last two are called the causes of
all causes. However, in the history of philosophy there was a period when
causes were reduced or even negated, what resulted in a mechanicistic
view of the world, seen nowadays as one of the sources of devastation
of man’s natural environment. Cognition through causes is typical for
realistic philosophy. Discovering the plurality of beings and fact that
they are composed we at the same time discover their causally bound
mode of existence. The denial of the plurality of beings and of the fact
of their composition as well as the acceptance of a mechanicistic and
monistic or dualistic view of the world deform the understanding of the
world and prevent us from discovering the full truth about the world.
Along with the causally-bound mode of being’s existing we discover
also their analogous mode of existing. The discovered analogy of be-
ing gives the foundation for the analogy in cognition. Due to this way
192
Summary
of cognizing, the surrounding world of persons, animals, plants, and
things appears to be a natural environment of our life and action. The
noticed wholeness and unity does not erase the individuality of beings
and their natural differences.
The Absolute, the Being that is self-sufficient and whose essence
is existence is revealed as the ultimate reason of the existence of all
beings . On the basis of analyses of the reality given in experience we
discover the necessity of the Absolute’s existence, for without it the
existence of the contingent world would be absurd. The theory of the
Absolute is a natural consequence of the ultimate cognition of the truth
about the real world.
This kind of cognition, encompassing the whole of the reality, and
disclosing the deepest understanding of the world and man guarantees
that creators of culture accept right principles of acting and of creating
what results in creating a culture fully humanistic.
Indeks osobowy
A
Albert Wielki, sw., 72,135
Aleksander Macedonski, 54
Anaksagoras z Klazomenaj, 31, 34, 37, 163
Anaksymander z Miletu, 31, 34, 35, 37,177
Anaksymenes z Miletu, 31, 32
Arystoteles, 10, 19-21, 31-33, 35-38, 46,
53-77, 79-81, 101, 102, 104, 107, 111,
112, 117, 118, 135, 144-147, 156, 164,
165, 167-171
Augustyn, sw., 79, 103, 135, 137, 170
Awicenna, 20
B
Bialek A., 92, 112, 170
Boczar M., 138
Bonawentura, sw., 136
Bridgman P. W., 157
Broglie L. de, 157
C
Caramello P., 103
Cathala M.-R., 21
Chwedorowicz J., 9, 16
D
Darwin K., 13
Descartes R., 12, 110
Diels H., 32
Diogenes Laertios, 32, 33, 42, 46, 54, 58
Ditfurth H. von, 39
Dlubacz W., 62
Durkheim E., 14
E
Eddington A. S., 157
Egzamiasz, 32
Einstein A., 12, 13
Elders L., 93, 104, 107, 108
Empedokles z Akrygentu, 31, 33, 34, 36, 38,
39
Epikur, 130
Eska D., 90
F
Fenrychowa J., 100
Fichte J. G., 97
Filip Macedonski, 54
Filon Aleksandryjski, 131
Franciszek Bacon, 11, 25
G
Galileusz, 72
Gilson E., 20, 90, 93
Grosseteste R., 137, 138
H
Hedwig K., 104
Hegel G. W. F., 13,40, 107
Heidegger M., 14, 15, 27, 155
Heisenberg W., 24
Heraklit z Efezu, 31-33, 39, 42, 44, 45, 56,
101,170
Herpylida, 54
Hippon, 32
Hume D., 166
Huxley Th., 13
J
Jaki S. L, 17
Jan Duns Szkot, 20
Jaroszynski R, 11, 141
194
Indeks osobowv
K
KantL, 13,40, 97, 111, 167
Kebes, 41
Kieres H., 9
Kiliszek M., 100
Kranz W., 32
Kratylos, 56
Kr^piec M. A., 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-17, 19, 20,
22, 26, 40, 45, 65, 90, 93, 94, 100, 101,
103, 105, 107, 108, 120, 127, 139, 142,
158, 160,182
Krokiewicz A., 37
Kronska L, 33
Kycia S., 9
L
Leibniz G. W., 12
Leskiewiczowa X, 100
Lesniak K., 20, 35, 57
Levy-Brul L., 14
Locke L, 97
L
Lukasiewicz J., 166
M
Mandonnet R, 136
Marietti R, 112
Maritain J., 20, 100
Maryniarczyk A., 9, 14, 19, 26
Mazurczak Z. H., 15
Michalski K., 14
Migne J.-R, 103
Mizinska J., 11
N
Napiörkowski K., 40
Nikomach, 54
Nowak J., 40
O
Orygenes, 131
P
Parmenides z Eiei, 20, 41-43, 47, 54, 55, 60,
71,76, 79, 101, 102, 110, 130
Pirron z Elidy, 130
Platon, 10, 20, 22, 41, 42, 45-51, 54-56, 60,
63, 66, 67, 70, 72, 76, 77, 79, 101, 102,
107, 110-112, 117, 118, 131, 135, 163,
169, 176
Plotyn, 107, 13t, 135
Proklos, 107
Protagoras, 97
Pytiada (cörka Arystotelesa), 54
Pytiada (zona Arystotelesa), 54
R
Regner L., 36
Roger Bacon, 11
S
Sartre J.-R, 107
Schopenhauer A., 131, 132
Siwek R, 59, 156
Skolimowski H., 13
Sokrates, 41, 42
Spiazzi R. M., 100
r
s
Sciepuro D., 17
T
Tales z Miletu, 31, 32, 34, 36, 39
Tatarkiewicz W., 137
Tauszyhska A. D., 39
Teilhard de Chardin R, 40
Thomas de Vio (Caietanus), 176
lndeks osobowy
195
Tomasz z Akwinu, 20, 21, 71-77, 79, 81, 82,
85, 92, 93, 101, 104, 107, 108, 112-115,
117,135,136,138,165,168,170,171,183
Twardowski K., 166
V
Verbeke G., 114
W
Waszkinel R., 14
Weizsäcker C. F. von, 40
Wilhelm Ockham, 166
Witwicki W, 41,48, 111
Wlodek Z„ 93
Wolanski N., 14
Wolicki K., 15, 155
Z
Zacher L. W., 13
Zdybicka Z., 9
Zega W., 93
Z
Zeleznik T., 19
ZydekK., 11,25
Indeks przedmiotowy
Absolut, 15, 62, 63, 70, 79, 87, 94, 97, 104,
115, 118, 122, 124, 140, 141, 152, 170-
172, 181, 183, 184
abstrakcja, 80, 103
fízyczna, 67
matematyczna, 67
metafizyczna, 67, 81
naukowa, 66, 67
spontaniczna, 66, 82
akt, 59,70, 79, 84, 87, 100,101, 105,106,121,
139, 140,142,158
dzialania, 78, 128
istnienia, 71, 76-79, 81, 102-104, 108,
138
milosci, 78, 118, 128, 140, 142, 143, 173
poznania, 78, 83, 108,136, 137,139, 140
stworzenia, 105
analogía, 80, 90, 115, 160, 175,176,178, 179,
181, 184
atrybucji, 176, 178, 179
metaforyczna, 178, 180
proporcji, 176, 178, 179
aprioryzm, 24, 27
Bóg, patrz Absolut, 11, 12,15, 20, 30, 32, 34,
36, 50, 51, 60, 62,111,119, 120,130-132,
170, 171, 181-183
byt
ludzki, 77, 181
materialny, 35, 44, 52, 63, 66, 70, 89,
110
niematerialny, 63, 90
osobowy, 128, 141, 142
realny, 76, 83, 90-92, 94, 96-102, 104,
106, 109, 113, 114, 117, 122, 128, 132,
139, 177
transcendentale, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95
cel, 11, 17, 18, 21, 22, 25, 30, 31, 33, 44, 57,
58, 60, 62, 63, 67, 68, 79, 80, 83, 86, 88,
96, 110-112, 116-125, 128, 127, 144, 149,
151,161,164, 165,168,170,172,173, 181,
183, 184
celowosc, 19, 24, 87, 95, 110, 118, 119, 122,
123, 125, 127, 162
cíalo, 5, 9, 36-38, 50-52, 54, 56, 58-60, 76,
77, 84, 133, 134, 137, 147, 156, 157, 159,
161, 165, 179
cnota, 10, 16, 46
intelektualna, 7, 16
moralna, 7, 16
cywilizacja, 9, 10, 174
czas, 35, 61, 62, 64-66
czlowiek, 5-19, 21, 22-26,29, 30, 36,40,44,
45, 49-54, 58-60, 62-67, 69, 71-74, 76-
80, 82, 84, 87, 88, 91-97, 100, 101, 103,
107, 109, 110, 113-120, 122, 127-149,
154, 155, 157-160, 162, 166, 170, 172,
174-177, 179, 181, 183, 184
198
Indeks przedmiotowy
dobro, 7-9, 11, 17, 18, 23, 24, 26, 30, 41, 46,
49, 50, 61, 68, 69, 73, 79, 86-88, 90, 91,
101, 105,106, 110, 111,117-135, 138-140,
142, 143, 165, 162, 168, 173, 179, 183,
184
godziwe, 120, 121
moralne, 120, 121
przyjemne, 119, 121
transcendentalne, 91, 118, 120, 122, 123,
125-128, 139
uzyteczne, 118, 121
doskonalosc, 10, 11, 60, 122, 128, 132, 133,
135, 136, 140, 141, 177, 178, 183
doswiadczenie, 14, 46, 61, 63, 71, 76, 82, 83,
94, 98, 104, 107, 108, 114, 122, 136, 137,
142, 149, 151, 152, 154, 157, 161, 177,
181-183
metafizyczne, 90, 92-94, 98, 103, 104,
108, 114, 115, 122, 141
zmyslowe, 56, 57, 73, 98, 114, 183
duch, 7, 10, 11, 12, 20, 23, 50, 52, 53, 55, 63,
67, 78, 104, 125, 147
dusza, 8, 24, 34, 44, 49-51, 53, 54, 57-61,
67, 72, 76, 77, 84, 115, 133, 149, 152, 155,
157, 159, 161, 166, 169, 172, 179
ekologia, 7, 16, 25, 39
empiryzm, 39, 114
genetyczny, 80
F
filozofia, 11-13, 15, 17, 18, 20, 23-26,29-31,
39, 41, 46, 51, 56, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 80,
105, 112, 117, 129, 132-134, 136, 144,
145, 154, 160, 163, 166, 168, 169, 170,
176, 181, 185
pierwsza, patrz metafízyka, 19, 22
forma, 57, 58, 61-63, 65, 67, 70-77, 79-81,
85, 86, 92, 93, 97, 100, 113, 115, 121,
125-127, 133, 134, 135, 139, 146, 149,
153, 159, 160, 161, 164, 165, 167-172
H
hylemorfízm, 57, 70, 75, 153
I
idea, 46-48, 52, 53, 56, 77, 100, 102, 104,
105, 128, 131, 151, 163, 166, 169-171
ideología, 10, 14, 26, 30
ilosc, 37, 46, 53, 67, 107, 146, 165
indywidualnosc, 35, 54, 55,63, 73, 76,97,98,
99, 150, 180
intelekt, 47, 69, 76, 79, 80, 87, 91, 92, 94, 95,
110, 111, 113, 115, 116, 124, 135, 136,
138-141, 149, 158, 170, 173, 179, 183
irracjonalizm, 25
istnienie, 17-22, 33, 40, 42-44, 47, 53, 57,
60-65, 70-109, 110, 112-122, 125-128,
130, 132, 133, 135, 136, 138, 141, 142,
145, 147, 149, 151-153, 157, 159, 161-184
istota, 35, 38, 40, 48, 53, 63, 65, 75-78, 84,
86, 87, 97-100, 133, 146, 153, 160, 161,
165, 181, 182
ewolucja, 13, 14
ïndeks przedmiotowy
199
jakosci, 46, 64, 65, 67, 80, 94, 98, 107, 125,
172
jednosc (jedno), 38, 40, 42,46, 49, 50, 56, 57,
63, 64, 86, 87, 90, 91, 101-107, 130, 131,
138,143, 145, 149, 164, 167,168,176, 177,
179, 180
transcendentale, 90, 91, 101, 103-105
kategorie, 64, 65, 107, 135, 136, 143, 167
kontemplacja, 125, 139, 142, 143
kosmologia, 21
kosmos, 21, 131, 132, 144
kres, 124, 142, 144, 172, 173
kultura, 5, 9-11, 13, 14, 18, 23-25,29, 30, 53,
64, 73, 78, 91, 96, 110, 117, 122, 134, 151,
167, 170, 174, 175, 184, 185
logos, 42, 44, 45, 130
materia, 11, 12, 20, 21, 23, 31, 34-36, 38, 41,
47, 50, 51, 52, 55-59, 61, 63, 65, 70, 71,
73-81, 86, 103, 107, 126, 131, 133-135,
144-147, 149, 153, 157-161, 164, 165,
168, 169, 171, 172, 175, 179
pierwsza, 70, 73, 74, 77, 169
metafizyka, 8, 17, 19, 20, 24, 25, 68, 80, 82,
85, 86, 93, 100, 103, 107, 112, 117, 122,
144-146, 150, 154, 155, 158, 160, 163,
168, 173, 177, 179,
metody, 6, 17, 23, 24, 27, 29, 38, 46, 47, 66,
67, 71, 72, 79-82, 85, 86, 146-148, 151,
154-158, 161, 184
dedukcyjne, 24
indukcyjne, 24
separacji, 80, 82, 85, 161
milosc, 33, 38, 51, 118, 119, 121-123, 125-
127, 139, 140, 142, 143
mitologia, 22
mniemanie, 42, 45, 49, 50, 80
monizm, 30, 40, 59
moralnosc, 13, 14, 17
moznosc, 52, 59, 61, 139, 152
N
natura, 5, 8, 19, 22-24, 30-41,43-45, 47, 48,
50-52, 55, 57-61, 63-65, 68-71, 73, 77-
79, 87-93, 96, 98, 99, 103, 110, 112, 113,
116-118, 120, 122-127, 129-132, 134,
137,138,142-145,147-155,158,160-163,
167, 169, 173-175, 177, 179, 182-184, 186
nauka, 6, 10-15, 17-24, 29, 30, 48, 50, 51,
53, 54, 68, 71, 72, 80, 102, 129, 134, 146,
173-176, 185
nauki humanistyczne, 24
nauki przyrodnicze, 12, 24, 67, 72, 144,
150, 151, 154-156
nauki szczegôlowe, 6, 10-12, 25, 39,100,
144,145
200
Indeks przedmiotowy
niebyt, 41-43, 50, 52, 55, 70, 100, 102-106,
109, 131, 132, 134
nihilizm, 25
odrçbnosc, 35, 55, 60, 71, 73, 77, 86, 87, 90,
91, 106-109, 177, 179
transcendentale, 91, 106-109
ontologia, 19
orzekanie, 65, 66, 85, 90, 99, 304, 107, 175,
176, 178-180
istotowe, 65
przypadtosciowe, 65
osoba, 11, 15, 20, 24, 78, 86, 119, 120, 138-
140, 142, 160, 173, 183
piçkno, 7, 8, 24, 46, 47, 49, 51, 86, 90, 91,
110, 134-137
estetyczne, 135, 136, 138
transcendentalne, 86, 90, 91, 110, 136—
143, 162, 179, 183
pluralizm, 38, 54, 60, 63, 71, 73, 76, 100, 105,
106, 108, 109, 167, 176, 182
polityka, 17, 51, 53
postçp, 9-14
powinnosc, 13
poznanie, 5-7, 13, 15-19, 22, 25, 26, 38, 42,
45, 51, 52, 56, 61, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 78,
80-82, 85-87, 89, 90, 94, 95,97,98, 100,
101, 104, 108-116, 122, 123, 125, 127,
130, 136-140, 143, 145, 147, 149, 152,
154, 158, 159,166, 167, 171, 173,175-181,
183-186
dianoetyczne, 47, 67
doksalne, 49, 67
empiryczne, 24, 130
filozoficzne, 6, 23, 38, 47, 67-69, 72, 86.
93, 103, 155
intelektualne, 44, 57, 63, 67
matematyczne, 24, 47, 67, 153, 162
metafizyczne, 17-19, 21, 22, 68, 82, 85-
87, 91, 93, 100, 101, 111, 114, 115, 125,
148, 153-155, 157, 158, 165, 173, 181,
183
naukowe, 6, 18, 24, 30, 67, 72, 86
noetyczne, 47, 67
realistyczne, 21,27, 79, 98, 100, 101, 105,
108, 115, 178, 180,181, 183, 185
s^dowe, 82, 83, 86, 161
zmyslowe, 44, 49, 56, 67, 79
poz^danie, 59, 119, 120, 122, 137, 173
intelektualne, 121
naturalne, 121
zmyslowe, 121
praelement, 20, 30, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 41, 55.
59, 74, 79, 85, 102, 145, 163
prawda, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 17-19, 22, 24, 30.
42, 51, 53, 68, 79, 80, 81, 86, 90, 91-93.
110-118, 124, 128, 130, 135, 137-140.
142, 143, 145, 155, 157, 162, 174, 183
transcendentale, 91, 116, 117
prawa, prawo, 17, 20, 21, 26, 33, 44, 45, 51.
53, 56, 69, 72, 75, 78, 80, 83, 89, 90, 97-
100, 101, 109, 113, 130, 174
moraine, 40
przyrody, 40, 116
Indeks przedmiotowy
201
przeznaczenie, 39, 43-45
przyczyny, 17, 19, 20, 21, 37, 46, 53, 55, 56,
57, 62, 67, 68, 70, 72, 75, 77, 79, 80, 87,
89, 104, 105, 108, 115, 116, 118, 125, 128,
129, 131, 145, 146, 152, 162-167, 169,
172, 173, 179, 181-184
celowa, 164, 168, 169, 172
formalna, 74, 136, 163-166, 169, 170
materialna, 55, 163, 164, 168, 169
sprawcza, 163-165, 168, 169, 171, 172
sprawcza Stwórcza, 74, 165, 168, 179
wzorcza, 166, 169, 170
przypadlosc, 19, 53, 63-66, 86, 133, 150,
153,160,172
przyroda, 11, 13, 15, 17, 23, 24, 29, 30, 31, 35,
37, 40-50, 52-55, 58-60, 63, 70, 71, 76,
78, 79, 88, 92, 96, 97, 110, 111, 116, 118,
119, 123, 125, 133, 165, 174-177, 184
racjonalizm, 12, 114, 115
meíodologiczny, 80
racjonalnosc, 6, 7, 24, 87, 89, 95, 110, 111,
113, 114, 116, 117, 163
realizm, 39, 56, 69, 80, 81, 86, 95, 166
egzystencjalny, 72
relatywizm, 39, 98, 115, 116
religia, 17, 22, 29, 129, 134, 181
rozum, 8, 10, 26, 34, 42, 44, 45, 50, 59, 60,
66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 80, 103, 104, 111, 112,
124, 136, 143
ruch, 46, 53, 58, 61, 62, 70, 72, 102, 107, 115,
142, 163-166, 168, 171
liniowy, 61
rzecz, 5-9, 11, 13-26, 29-40, 42, 44-50,
52-57, 60, 61, 63-73, 76-78, 80-83, 85-
87, 89-101, 103, 106, 108-113, 115-122,
125, 128, 130, 134, 135, 137, 143-157,
159-161, 164, 165, 167, 168, 170, 171,
173-180, 182, 184, 185
transeendentale, 86, 90-92, 97, 98, 100
s^d, 82, 99, 105, 106, 113, 160
egzystencjalny, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 90, 93,
108
orzecznikowy, 83, 84
tozsamosciowy, 95, 98, 99
separaeja, 82, 83, 84, 85
metafizyczna, 80, 82, 162
soteriologia, 51, 72
spolecznosc, 9, 64
spostrzezenie zmyslowe, 49, 50, 97, 98
stworzenia teoria (creatio ex nihilo), 74, 75,
153, 171
substaneja, 19, 20, 36, 37, 39, 42, 53, 57, 58,
60-65, 79-81, 86, 107, 121, 133, 148,
152, 160, 172
suwerennosc, 87, 106, 108, 109
sztuka, 10, 15, 17, 21, 22, 29, 57, 58, 91, 116,
134, 137, 138, 149, 151, 164, 170
smierc, 26, 36, 41, 44, 76, 129, 130, 132
202
indeks przedmiotowy
srodowisko naturalne, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16-
18, 24, 25, 30, 40, 52, 71, 87, 92, 95, 101,
106, 109, 120, 125, 132, 133, 143, 150,
174, 175, 180, 184, 185
swiadomosc, 67, 95, 97, 114, 115, 122
swiat
idei, 46-48, 52, 55, 176
materialny, 12, 41-44, 49, 50, 52-54, 59,
61,63, 111, 159, 164, 181
niematerialny, 41, 48, 52, 53, 63
prawdziwy, 20, 41, 42, 43, 45, 49, 51, 52,
55, 113
realny, 18, 25, 54, 68, 82, 84, 86, 87, 92,
94-96,99,100,101,103,106,143,177,183
technika, 6, 8-11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 24, 30, 71,
150, 151, 155, 173, 174, 185
teología, 11, 19, 20, 22, 72, 129
tozsamosc, 43, 56, 57, 64, 76, 95, 98, 99, 102,
105, 109, 149-153, 156, 163
transcendencja, 15, 60, 78
transcendentalia, 89, 90
wartosc, 13, 18, 52, 53, 60, 72, 96, 111, 132
wiedza, 7, 12, 13, 18, 19, 21, 24, 34, 38, 46,
56, 60, 69, 80, 83, 90, 91, 100, 108, 145
wladze (dzialania), 45, 59, 60, 65, 67, 94, 110,
158,172
intelektualne, 138, 149,
wegetatywne (zmyslowe), 59, 149
wolitywne (uczuciowe), 138, 149
wola, 59, 79, 91, 110, 111, 117, 118, 120-123,
134, 138-141, 179
wolnosc, 12, 25, 26, 51, 72, 78, 96, 167, 172,
wychowanie, 16, 54
zasada, 17, 22, 30-32, 36, 38, 40, 43, 46, 50,
52, 55, 57, 58, 61, 66, 70, 75, 76, 95, 101-
103, 115, 117, 129, 131, 135, 141, 146, 152,
167, 173, 185, 186
celowosci, 95, 122, 123, 127
integralnosci (doskonalosci, integracji),
95, 141, 142
niesprzecznosci, 95, 104-106, 109
racji bytu, 95, 115
tozsamosci, 95, 98, 99, 109
wyh^czonego srodka, 95, 108, 109
zlo, 23, 41, 50, 51, 106, 128-132
fizyczne, 132, 134
jako brak, 132-134
moraine, 132, 134
zlozenie bytowe, 8, 57,76,101, 133, 145-148,
152-162, 167, 168, 174, 176, 182
zmysly, 42-45, 50, 56, 66, 69, 80, 110, 166
zwierzçta, 6-9, 16, 17, 21-23, 25, 29-31, 35,
36,40,41,43,44,48,50,52,56-61,63,64,
67, 70, 92, 96-98, 109, 110, 113, 117, 119,
144, 150, 152, 155, 157, 174, 175, 180, 184
zycie, 5-12,17,21,22,24-26,29,31,35,44,51,
54,58-62,67-71,78,85,87,93,95,96,105,
109, 112-116,118,120, 126,128-130, 132,
136, 140, 142, 143, 158, 170, 173, 180, 184
spoleczne, 12, 132
Spis tresci
Slowo wstçpne - M. A. Krçpiec / A. Maryniarczyk
5
Rozdziai I
U ZRÓDEL DEFORMACJI OBRAZU SWIATA 9
1. W „matni” postçpu 10
2. Potrzeba rozumiej^cego poznania 15
3. W poszukiwaniu realistycznej filozofii 18
4. Zadania filozofii metafizycznej 21
Rozdziai II
W POSZUKIWANIU ZAGUBIONEGO
OBRAZU SWIATA 29
1. Monistyczny obraz swiata 30
A. Wszystko ma tç sam^ naturç 31
B. Powstawanie jako skladanie elementów 36
C. Pulapki monistycznej interpretacji 38
2. Dualistyczny obraz swiata 41
A. Swiat mysli a swiat zmyslów 41
B. Swiat praw a swiat przeznaczeñ 44
C. Swiat idei a swiat cieni 45
D. Pozornosc i zjawiskowosc swiata przyrody 48
E. Ograniczenia i pulapki dualistycznej interpretacji 52
3. Pluralistyczny obraz swiata 54
A. Substancje materialne i ich natura 54
r
B. Swiat ozywiony i nieozywiony 57
C. Powstawanie i gini^cie bytow 61
D. Modyfikacje bytow 63
E. Zmysty i rozum w sluzbie poznania 66
F. U podstaw poznania mqdrosciowego 68
G. Implikacje pluralistycznej implikacji 70
4. Realistyczny obraz swiata 71
r
A. Swiat jako dzielo stworzenia 73
B. Czym sq realne byty? 75
C. Natura realnych bytow 77
D. Specyfika poznania realistycznego 79
E. Uniwersalnosc realistycznej interpretacji 85
F. Implikacje realistycznej interpretacji 87
Rozdzial III
PRAWDA O REALISTYCZNYM OBRAZIE SWIATA 89
1. Byty realne i ich wlasciwosci 89
2. Czym i dlaczego sq byty realne? 92
3. Konieczne wlasciwosci bytow realnych 96
A. Byty sq rzeczami 96
B. Byty sq jednosciami 101
C. Byty sq suwerenne 106
4. Racjonalnosc i celowosc swiata 110
A. Byty jako nosniki prawdy 110
B. Byty jako nosniki dobra 117
C. Dobro a problem zla 128
D. Byty jako nosniki pifkna 134
5. Odkrycie wewn^trznej struktury bytow 144
A. Czym sq zlozenia bytowe? 145
B. Wyodr^bnienie zlozen bytowych 151
C. Fizykalne a metafizyczne rozumienie zlozen 155
6. Odkrycie uprzyczynowanego istnienia bytow 162
A. Wyodr^bnienia rodzajow przyczyn 163
B. Specyfika przyczynowania 169
C. Poznanie w ramach przyczyn 173
7. Odkrycie analogii bytowania rzeczy 175
A. Specyfika analogicznego sposobu bytowania 175
B. Analogiczne poznanie by tow 178
C. Swiat a problem Absolutu 181
Zakonczenie 185
Summary 187
Indeks osobowy 193
Indeks przedmiotowy 197
Table of content
Introduction -
M. A. Krqpiec / A. Maryniarczyk
5
Chapter I
At sources of deformations of views of the world 9
1. In a „trap” of progress 10
2. The need of understanding-giving cognition 15
3. In search of realistic philosophy 18
4. Tasks of metaphysical philosophy 21
Chapter II
In search of the lost view of the world 29
1. The monistic view of the world 30
A. Everything has the same nature 31
B. Coming into being as composing elements 36
C. Traps of the monistic interpretation 38
2. The dualistic view of the world 41
A. The world of thoughts versus the world of senses 41
B. The world of laws and the world of fate 44
C. The world of ideas and the world of shadows 45
D. The appearance and phenomenality of the world of nature 48
E. Limits and traps of the dualistic interpretation 52
3. The pluralistic view of the world 54
A. Material substances and their nature 54
B. The world of living and inanimate beings 57
C. The origin and decline of beings 61
D. Modifications of beings 63
E. Senses and reason in service of cognition 66
F. At the foundation of wisdom cognition 68
G. Implications of the pluralist interpretation 70
4. The realist view of the world 71
A. The world as the work of creation 73
B. What are real beings? 75
C. The nature of real beings 77
D. The specificity of realistic cognition 79
E. The universality of the realistic interpretation 85
F. Implications of the realistic interpretation 87
Chapter III
The truth on the realistic view of the world 89
1. Real beings and their properties 89
2. What are real beings and why do they exist? 92
3. The necessary properties of real beings 96
A. Being is the thing 96
B. Being is the one 101
C. Beings are sovereign 106
4. The rationality and finality of the world 110
A. Beings as the bearers of truth 110
B. Beings as the bearers of goodness 117
C. Good and the problem of evil 128
D. Beings as the bearers of beauty 134
5. The discovery of being’s inner structure 144
A. What are existential compositions? 145
B. Discerning the existential compositions 151
C. A physical and metaphysical understanding
of the existential compositions 155
6. The discovery of causally-bound existence of beings 162
A. Discerning kinds of causes 163
B. The specificity of causality 169
C. Cognition through causes 173
7. The discovery of the analogy of existence 175
A. The specificity of the analogical mode of existing 175
B. An analogical cognition of beings 178
C. The world and the problem of the Absolute 181
Conclusion 185
Summary 187
Index of names 193
Index of subjects 197
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Maryniarczyk, Andrzej 1950- |
author_GND | (DE-588)1146317824 |
author_facet | Maryniarczyk, Andrzej 1950- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Maryniarczyk, Andrzej 1950- |
author_variant | a m am |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV036107449 |
classification_rvk | CC 6000 |
contents | Indeksy |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)316532916 (DE-599)BVBBV036107449 |
discipline | Philosophie |
format | Book |
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id | DE-604.BV036107449 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:11:47Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9788391880043 9788360144220 |
language | Polish |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018997692 |
oclc_num | 316532916 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-29 DE-12 |
owner_facet | DE-29 DE-12 |
physical | 202 SSeiten 22 cm |
publishDate | 2009 |
publishDateSearch | 2009 |
publishDateSort | 2009 |
publisher | Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu. Katedra Metafizyki KUL |
record_format | marc |
series2 | Biblioteka filozofii realistycznej |
spelling | Maryniarczyk, Andrzej 1950- Verfasser (DE-588)1146317824 aut Człowiek wobec świata studium z metafizyki realistycznej Andrzej Maryniarczyk Lublin Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu. Katedra Metafizyki KUL 2009 202 SSeiten 22 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biblioteka filozofii realistycznej Zmien. i poszerz. wyd. książki "Metafizyka w ekologii", Lublin, 1999 Indeksy Inhaltsverzeichnis und Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Metafizyka jhpk Metafizyka / jhpk Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd rswk-swf Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Erlangen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018997692&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018997692&sequence=000007&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018997692&sequence=000008&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB München 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018997692&sequence=000009&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Sachregister Digitalisierung BSB München 24 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018997692&sequence=000010&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Maryniarczyk, Andrzej 1950- Człowiek wobec świata studium z metafizyki realistycznej Indeksy Metafizyka jhpk Metafizyka / jhpk Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4038936-4 |
title | Człowiek wobec świata studium z metafizyki realistycznej |
title_auth | Człowiek wobec świata studium z metafizyki realistycznej |
title_exact_search | Człowiek wobec świata studium z metafizyki realistycznej |
title_full | Człowiek wobec świata studium z metafizyki realistycznej Andrzej Maryniarczyk |
title_fullStr | Człowiek wobec świata studium z metafizyki realistycznej Andrzej Maryniarczyk |
title_full_unstemmed | Człowiek wobec świata studium z metafizyki realistycznej Andrzej Maryniarczyk |
title_short | Człowiek wobec świata |
title_sort | czlowiek wobec swiata studium z metafizyki realistycznej |
title_sub | studium z metafizyki realistycznej |
topic | Metafizyka jhpk Metafizyka / jhpk Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd |
topic_facet | Metafizyka Metafizyka / jhpk Metaphysik |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018997692&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018997692&sequence=000007&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018997692&sequence=000008&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018997692&sequence=000009&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018997692&sequence=000010&line_number=0005&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT maryniarczykandrzej człowiekwobecswiatastudiumzmetafizykirealistycznej |
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Inhaltsverzeichnis