Pamět města: obraz města, veřejné komemorace a historické zlomy v 19. - 21. století
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Brno
Etnologický Ústav Akad. Věd České Republiky [u.a.]
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | Vyd. 1. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassungen d. einzeln. Beitr. in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 407 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788087112229 9788086736174 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pamět města |b obraz města, veřejné komemorace a historické zlomy v 19. - 21. století |c [výkonné red.: Michaela Ferencová ...]. [Autoři:] Alexandra Bitušíková ... |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804141159649378304 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | OBSAH
PŘEDMLUVA
7
ÚVODNÍ STUDIE
9
К
OTÁza STUDIA TÉMATU PAMĚTI A MÍSTA (Michaela ferencová
-
jana nosková)
.........11
I. ČÁST:
____________________________________________________________________________
PAMĚŤ A OBRAZ/IMAGE MĚSTA
41
1.
KAPITOLA
UTVÁŘENÍ NOVODOBÉHO OBRAZU MÍSTA OPAVY
VI
DRUHÉ POLOVINĚ
19.
A PRVNÍ POLOVINĚ
20.
STOLETÍ (MARTIN PELC)
43
2.
KAPITOLA
ZPROSTŘEDKOVANÁ PAMĚŤ MĚSTA.
PRAŽSKÝILLUSTROVANÝ KURÝR (JAKUB MACHEK)
...........................................67
3.
KAPITOLA
PAMÄŤ
MALÉHO
MESTA PROSTREDNÍCTVOM SOCIOPROfESUNEJ
SKUPINY.
NA
PRÍKLADE
ZVOLENA A
SOCIOPROFESUNEJ
SKUPINY
ŽELEZNIČIAROV
(KATARÍNA KOŠTIALOVÁ)
................................................................97
4.
KAPITOLA
ODRAZ
BANÍCKYCH TRADÍCIÍ V PAMÄTI
AÌDENTITE
SÚČASNÉHO MESTA (JOLANA DARULOVÁ)
121
II.
ČÁST:
PAMĚŤ
A IDENTITA
1.
KAPITOLA
GÖRLITZ -
ZGORZELEC.
PAMĚŤ DVOU SOUSEDNÍCH MĚST NA NĚMECKOPOLSKÉ HRANICI
(TOBIAS WEGER)............. 151
2.
KAPITOLA
ROŽNOV
-
PAMĚŤ VERSUS NEPAMĚŤ MĚSTA POD RADHOŠTĚM (DANIEL DRÁPALA)
............. 177
3.
KAPITOLA
NÁRODNÍ PAMĚŤ, LIDOVÉ TRADICE
A VYTVÁŘENÍ MODERNÍČESKÉ NÁRODNÍ IDENTITY V BRNĚ (HELENA BOČKOVÁ)
..............205
III.
ČÁST:
PAMĚŤ A HISTORICKÉ ZLOMY/TRANSFORMACE
237
1.
KAPITOLA
SPOLOČNOSŤ
MESTA
NITRA V
PODMIENKACH
NOVÉHO
ŠTÁTNEHO
REŽIMU PO ROKU
1918.
ETNOLOGKKÉ MOŽNOSTI
ŠTÚDIA DYNAMIKY PAMÄTI MESTA (KATARÍNA
POPELKOVÁ)
239
OBSAH
2.
KAPITOLA
SPOLOČENSKÝ ŽIVOT
MESTA
NITRA PO ROZPADE RAKŮSKOUHORSKEJ
MONARCHIC
(1918-1945)
A JtHO OBRAZ V
PAMÄTI
MSTA
(JURAJ ZAJONC)
.....................................273
3.
KAPITOLA
ZÁPAS
0
PAMÂT
MESTA
V
TRANSFORMÁCII.
PRÍKLAD
BANSKU
BYSTRICE (ALEXANDRA
BITUŠl KOVÁ)................................
311
4.
KAPITOLA
POMNÍKY
AKO PROSTRIEDOK
LEGITIMIZÁCIE
REŽIMOVÁ TRANSFORMÁCII SPOLOČNOSTI.
PRÍPAD
MESTA
NOVÉ ZÁMKY (MICHAELA FERENCOVA)
.................................333
5.
KAPITOLA
MESTO V SPOMIENKACH
JEDNEJ
VEKOVEJ
SKUPINY.
MlÁOfŽ V TRENČÍNE V
60.
ROKOCH
20.
STOROČIA
(MONIKA
VRZGULOVÁ)
...................359
SUMMARIES
...................................................................... 379
REJSTŘÍKY
....................................................................... 395
SEZNAM AUTORŮ
.................................................................. 405
EDIČNÍ POZNÁMKA
................................................................. 407
Towards the study of questions of memory and
Ле
town
/Michaela
Ferencova
-
Jana Nosková
SUMMARIES
] 381
In the opening chapter the authors introduce the book s contents and acquaint the
reader with the circumstances of its origin. An authors collective came into being
thanks to a conference held in Brno in November
2008,
Urban memory. The town
and its inhabitants in the 20th century . On the editors invitation, a number of the
participants agreed to rework their conference papers for publication.
The book is focused on two fundamental themes
-
the question of memory,
and the question of the town as a specific research environment. All of the chapters
touch on both these themes, but with a changing locus and focus, to take a phrase
from the debate which the social anthropologist
Ulf Hannerz
provoked in urban
anthropology in the
1980s.
In some chapters the object of research is memory and
recollection, while the town forms the research environment. In other chapters the
opposite is true: the object of research is the town, and recollections are a means of
reconstructing its past.
The town was long considered as an unsuitable theme for ethnological research.
This attitude stemmed from the fact that ethnological writing focused on traditional
rural culture and, from a romantic standpoint, on folk culture as the culture of the
farm-working population. The authors offer a concise survey of the development of
urban ethnology/anthropology. The text continues with reflections on memory research
in the social sciences and humanities, focusing on the work of authors such as Peter
Burke, Jacques
Le Goff,
Pierre Nora, Maurice
Halbwachs
and Jan Assmann.
Presenting some thoughts on the metaphor of urban memory , the authors link
these to a critical consideration of the concept of collective memory and point to the
problems stemming from the varying understanding and use of this term. With their
reflections on the classification of phenomena as individual, forming an object of
research for psychologists, and collective, for researchers in the social sciences and
humanities, they find a meeting-point with Jeffrey K. Olick s study of the two cultures
in the study of collective memory. According to the authors, the fact that statements are
made about social phenomena as phenomena
sui
generis stems from the attribution
of capacities of thinking, agency and remembrance to groups, which are regarded as
basic units of social life and as objects of scientific analysis. The authors arrive at the
conclusion that the classification of phenomena into individual and collective arises
more from customary practice in the scientific world than from the inherent nature
of the phenomena being analysed. They state that in the future the need will become
inescapable to bridge the gulf between the above-mentioned two cultures in memory
research and to build connections between both scientific worlds.
SUMMARIES
Hie formation of the modern image of the town of
Opava
in the second half of the
19*
and first half of the
20*
tentury
Martin
Pele
The author, taking the example of the modern history of
Opava,
reflects on the general
mechanisms of the formation of the image of a town. The text sums up how
Opava
is
seen by its inhabitants and visitors: as a town of pensioners, schools and the Muses;
as a solid town with a peaceful bourgeois atmosphere, or conforming to the model
of the cultivated provincial towns of old Austria. In this respect we can observe some
similarities of the image of
Opava
with some other Austrian towns
-
Gorica,
and
especially
Graz.
If we generalise the total of some dozens of excerpted characteristics
of the town, we arrive at the conclusion that the kaleidoscopic image of
Opava
is
dominated by one constant: the horseshoe-shaped zone of parks which emerged on
the site of the demolished town fortifications. Special attention was given to them,
among other reasons because
Opava
had neither a colourful position nor a dominant
memorial which might have served as its icon.
With the example of
Opava
at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of
the 20th, the author demonstrates that the image of the town is not only subjectively
formed in the thought of each individual, but it may also be deliberately constructed.
Opava,
despite its relatively remote position on the periphery of the monarchy and
the Czech Lands, reminded contemporary observers
pre-
1945
of Little Vienna or
Graz
to the north. That was no coincidence, because the communal and urban elites of
Opava
deliberately imitated the Viennese or
Graz
model in many respects. The town
of
Opava,
which was not explicitly memorial , as
Karel Černohorský,
director of the
Silesian Land Museum, remarked, used the mighty wave of 19th century modernisation
not only for a redefinition of the function of its various public spaces, but also for the
purposeful formation of the town parks as the new dominant of its image. The town
representatives listened to the views of both the public and the experts and in many
cases proceeded according to the tried-and-tested models from the larger cities of the
monarchy, often Vienna,
Graz
and Brno. This was reflected not only in the specific
character of
Opava,
but indirectly also in the manner in which it was perceived and
described by its inhabitants and visitors.
SUMMARIES
I
383
Mediated urban memory:
fhe
Prago·
Ittast
raf
erf Courier f
Pražský
Wusf
rovaný Korýr)
Jakub Machek
The author presents the sensational popular press as a type of source which in its
tíme
transmitted urban memory on a large scale. He demonstrates the role of popular
culture in forming collective memory, using professional literature and also the
example of the Prague Illustrated Courier
1893-1918
{Pražský ¡Ilustrovaný Kurýr)
-
the first cheap mass-produced pictorial Czech daily. Its emergence was connected
with the development of popular culture in the Czech lands at the turn of the
19*/20№
centuries.
Industrialisation and urbanisation caused a movement of many people from the
countryside to the great cities. This process led to the disappearance of many
traditional
cultural bonds, and the new urban population therefore produced a socially-cementing
culture which satisfied its needs and demands. In the emerging big-city environment the
traditional oral method of transmission of information ceased to be sufficient and the
mass media became the basic means of communication of a communal consciousness of
the city, its various events and its important or interesting inhabitants. The mass-market
press thus formed and at the same time preserved a new big-city memory, and it was
present at the transition to a mediated dissemination of the collective memory of the
broadest social layers. By its selection of noteworthy and memorable information, the
Courier served the broad social layers as a source of collective ideas on contemporary
Prague and its big-city role. A study of the content of this paper points to the prevailing
interest of the Prague population in local events, while much less attention was devoted
to information on other big cities in comparison to foreign papers of a similar type.
The collective memory thus formed linked the Prague space with many significant
events conditioned by the selection of the editors, who thus played a significant part
in consolidating the urban memory of the broadest Czech social layers.
SUMMARIES
Memory
oř
α
small tity through a sotio-professional group:
case study from the city of
Zvolen
and fhe sotio-professional group
of railwaymen
Kotorína Koštioiová
Locally tied socio-professional groups belong to the social groups that contribute
to creating cultural forms and urban memoirs . The paper deals with the socio-
professional group of railwaymen that participated in creating and forming a subculture
in the city of
Zvolen
in the first half of the 20th century.
Through their important status, internal system and vitality and their organisation
of various events, the railwaymen contributed to the creation of the railway image
of the city and to local memory forming. The existence of this group is reflected in the
collective memory of
Zvolen
citizens through residential and
socio-spatial
structure
and cultural activities.
Following the field work data, the paper examines various expressions of this
social group that can be discovered even nowadays in city symbols, in urban cultural,
social, sports and educational events, and in the use of common and specific urban
spaces. This is the conscious and unconscious specific contribution of railwaymen to
the daily life of the city of
Zvolen.
In its more than
140
years of existence the city s
railway deeply influenced urban spatial structure (assembly halls, railway stations,
residential spaces, memorials), economic development and urban life. This is also the
reason why the existence and activities of the socio-professional group of railwaymen
significantly contributed to the creation of mental memory in the people of
Zvolen
and helped to strengthen a sense of belonging to the city.
SUMMARIES
..................................................................................................................................................
í
385
The reflection of mining traditions in the memory
and identHy of a contemporary town
Jolano Doiulová
The author documents the construction and survival of historical memory and also
social memory, in connection with the history of towns, by research into the Central
Slovakian towns of
Banská
Bystrica and
Banská
Štiavnica,
on the basis of which she
has noted two developmental stages of historical memory. In
Banská.Štiavnica
there
is the historical memory of an expiring socio-professional group, which is linked
with exceptional activities carried out with the purpose of reviving mining traditions
and which we might designate as a nostalgic reflection of times past. The activities
connected with celebration of the mining era have paradoxically grown in number with
the ending of actual mine-working. This is mostly due to the
Banská Štiavnica/Hodruša
Mining Society.
In
Banská
Bystrica, where a socio-professional group of miners has not existed for
more than
200
years, there is a historical memory built institutionally and a deliberate
reflection of mining tradition (mainly for use in the tourist trade). Activities connected
with the revival of the historical memory linked with mine-working in the
Banská
Bystrica environs have hitherto been at the level of institutional interests, represented by
administrative/local government organisations as well as by independent associations,
civic groups and interested personalities.
The maintenance and revival of historical memory in both of the towns studied,
which were renowned for their rich mining history, is directed towards a common
goal: to provide a sufficient conceptual and factographic background to create together
a new face or new image for the town.
SUMMARIES
386
f
Görlitz -
Zgorzel
·«
memories of two neighbouring towns
on file German-Polish border
Tobias
Weger
Does a town have a memory? Discussing the example of the East German town of
Görlitz
and the neighbouring Western Polish town of
Zgorzelec,
this paper tries to find an answer
to this tricky question. In its long history
Görlitz
belonged to various sovereigns. First
of all a part of Upper Lusatia, the Bohemian Lands, Saxony, Prussia and Germany, the
town was divided after
1945
along the Neisse/Nysa River into
Görlitz
(which included
the biggest part of the historical city and was part of the German Democratic Republic)
and
Zgorzelec
(a former Eastern suburb that became a border town of the Polish People s
Republic). Since the fall of communism in both Poland and East Germany in
1989 Görlitz
and
Zgorzelec
have become a kind of laboratory for Polish-German relations in the
eyes of politicians and journalists.
Both towns and their inhabitants are characterized by mainly conflicting memories.
Görlitz
had been a part of the Prussian province of Silesia between
1815
and
1945;
since
1989
the Silesian elements of the town s collective memory have often been underlined.
After
1989 Görlitz was
often called a Silesian town, Silesian activists would have liked to
recreate Silesia as a federal state to itself instead of integrating
Görlitz
into the Free State
of Saxony. Silesia functions as a badge in municipal and private publicity, but is also
cultivated as a specific form of German homeland culture by former Silesian inhabitants
and their descendants. Even though historically
Görlitz
always was a part of Upper Lusatia,
this aspect seems to be discredited for many inhabitants of
Görlitz.
The inhabitants of
Zgorzelec,
on the other hand, being all descendants of new citizens after
1945,
strongly
identify with Upper Lusatia and even created a new territorial entity, Polish Upper Lusatia
(Polskie Górne Łuźyce),
and
a Lusatian
Museum
(Muzeum Łużyckie).
In political rhetoric
Görlitz
and
Zgorzelec
used to be described as twin towns or
one European town
(Europastadt).
This tendency to symbolically reunify the divided
town contrasts with experiences of strong stereotypical perceptions. In the German
context they even take on local strong anti-Polish feelings from the interwar period,
when the German-Polish border was still far away.
Differences can also be perceived on the level of public commemorations, for
instance the symbolic appropriation of space by monuments or memorials. A relatively
new example was the naming of the street bridge leading over the Neisse River after
the Polish pope John Paul II, a Polish initiative that did not find much understanding
on the German side.
Demography is a very pragmatic element opposed to
longue
durée
in the memory
of
Görlitz
and
Zgorzelec.
Görlitz
has lost about one third of its inhabitants since
1989,
and the fluctuation is also very important in
Zgorzelec.
SUMMARIES
J
387
Rožnov
-
memory vorsus the immemorial in fire town
undor
Radhošť
ШИ
Daniel
Drápala
The process of formation of local identity is often closely linked with the activities of
certain individuals and institutions. The author of this chapter, taking the example
of the East Moravian town of
Rožnov pod Radhoštěm,
attempts to identify relevant
connections between professional and popularising activities on the one hand and the
local identity of the town on the other. He focuses attention primarily on a memorial
institution with a presentational tradition of long standing
-
the Wallachian Country¬
side Museum in
Rožnov pod Radhoštěm,
which during its more than eighty years of
existence has been transformed from a local museum into one with an all-Wallachian
scope. This fact has contributed to a certain weakening of the relationship between
the museum, the town, and its inhabitants.
Alongside the activity of certain other institutions (the municipality, the Town
Library), the author also takes note of the involvement of certain individuals, their
interest in local traditions and history and also the impact of their work on the formation
of local identity. Based on this analysis, the author poses the question: where there is
an absence of professional interest and effective popularisation of the local historical
and cultural specificities, what significance can that have for the social memory of the
locality? He is interested also in how far this situation is projected onto the formation
or transformation of the local identity of
Rožnov pod Radhoštěm.
The situation of
Rožnov
and the question of local identity acquires a distinctive
character thanks to the demographic and social development of the locality in the
second half of the 20th century. In this period, thanks to industrialisation, there was
a migration to
Rožnov
of many new inhabitants, who only gradually formed a personal
relationship with the town and the region. The author has added to his text the model
example of the so-called
Struha
(mill-pond), which is bound up with the memories
particularly of the older generation of the inhabitants of
Rožnov.
SUMMARIES
388
í
National
memory, folk traditions and the formation of the modern
Czech nafionaf identity in Brno
Helena
Bočková
In this chapter the author observes the formation of collective national identity as
a creation of memory
-
collectively shared and intergenerationally transmitted memory
of a common past and culture, an image of that which we regard as ours . She focuses
on national memory, which in the modern period offered a new collective identity
to large groups and accompanied the emergence of the modern nations and their
mutual differentiation. In this national memory a place which was important in the
context of the time was held by folk culture, or by national reflection, interpretation
and use of folk culture. This had two forms:
(1)
folklorism and
(2)
the image of folk
culture which ethnologists constructed creatively and in a subjectivist manner typical
of the time.
The author analyses this topic on the basis of material from Brno; the time period
which she deals with is from the end of the 18th century to the first third of the 20th.
She comes to the conclusion that both of the above-distinguished forms of folk memory
played their parts in the formation of the modern Czech identity in Brno. She interprets
the early and intensive interest in folk culture in this city in connection with the
ethnically mixed composition of the city s inhabitants (Czechs and Germans). During
the most important period of patriotic agitation Brno s main proponents, creators and
disseminators of memorable folk expressions were the
Vesna
society (by introducing
the propagation of folk traditions into school tuition, and by means of social and cultural
events, ethnographic exhibitions and museum activity) and
Lucie Bakešová
(through
field surveys, reconstructions and scenic presentations of customs).
The Brno patriots were familiar with Herder s thinking, and they found their
orientation in the contemporary European promotion of nationally-committed exhi¬
bitions and in museum activities. Sometimes they received stimuli from the Prague
and
Olomouc
centres. Aspects of folk culture also formed part of the cultural events
which the town societies organised. Early attempts at the creation of national holidays
were the Cyril and Methodius and
Palacký
celebrations. Nor did Brno lag behind
in the foundation of repositories of national memory (the ethnographic museum).
The author notes the weakening of the role of folk memory in the formation of Czech
national identity and culture from
1900,
when it came to be used in Brno principally
for purposes of public display and culture-entertainment. The national commitment
of ethnologists had fulfilled its mission and exhausted its potential as early as
1895
and thereafter gave way to their standard professional activity.
SUMMARIES
Soâety
in the town of
Nitra
in the <onditions of the new state regime after
1978;
ethnological possibilities for studying the
dynamit
of urban memory
Katarína
Popelková
The author of this chapter reconstructs the situation in the town of
Nitra
after the
change of political regime after
1918
on the basis of historical literature and archive
sources, and at more than half a century s distance seeks its reflection in the recollec¬
tions of the town s inhabitants.
The analysis is centred on the installation of the new regime and its impact on the
national affiliation of the population (Slovak and Hungarian nationality and language),
the economic characteristics of the town, social life, and the structure of the popula¬
tion in terms of property and social group. Each of the three sources of information
analysed (historical literature, archive documents and material from the recollections
of Nitra s oldest citizens) represents a different angle of view and a different degree
of source effectiveness for ethnological study of the social relationships of the town.
All three give disparate descriptions of the consequences of regime change and life in
Nitra.
A clear account of how it really was after
1918
was not the goal of the study.
The aim was to reveal and draw attention to the content and characteristics of the
individual images of the town.
In historical literature dealing with the town s past, at a greater or lesser distance
in time from the period observed, the approach and selection of facts are subjected to
more or less deliberate manipulation. The information gained by study of the archives
of the town council and municipality in the
1918-1945
period is primarily marked
by its chronological order and absence of subsequent selection or evaluation of the
information retained. These archives transmit detailed and concrete data without
specifying the circumstances and create a wide local context in which the everyday
life of the town is conducted.
The recollections of the oldest inhabitants of
Nitra
are individually and subjectively
framed pictures, which undergo conscious or unconscious selection and evaluation at
the moment of testimony. One can, however, deduce from them direct and entirely
pragmatic motivations for the actions of individuals and groups which the other sources
either do not contain or give in a distorted form. The content, structure and form of
recollections reveal an opinion of the social world which surrounds the individual.
The search for the incidence of facts of this or that kind from the past, and perception
of the form they assume in the inhabitants recollections, is at the same time an exa¬
mination of their significance in the
Ufe
of the town. The author therefore considers
it not only an access route to examining the dynamic of memory, but also as one of
the possibilities of acquiring knowledge of the social relationships in towns.
SUMMARIES
Social
ІИе
in the town of
Mitra
after
Ле
dissolution of the Austro-llungarian
monarchy
(1918-1945)
and its imago in the town s memory
Juro/ łojone
This chapter presents an ethnographic review of the West Slovakian town of
Nitra
during
the existence of the First Czechoslovak Republic
(1918-1945)
and the Slovak Republic
( 1939-1945).
The aim is to clarify Nitra s significance as a memorial place in two state entities
and simultaneously its role in the emancipation of Slovaks. The author attempts to capture on
the local level the forms of coexistence of selected ethnic (Slovak, Czech) and confessional
groups (Roman Catholic, Jewish) and their strategies for implementation of group opinions
(e.g. national and state ideas). The objects of examination are three elements of social life:
the celebration of secular state and local festivals, religious festivals, and the theatre as an
architectonic object and
a socio-cultural
institution. The author observes the picture of these
elements in the town memory, which he conceives as a result of the communication of images
of the town created by members of the various social groups living in this town.
Comparison of state festivals confirmed that for both state formations
Nitra
had a uni¬
versal symbolic significance as a memorial place, even if those political entities were founded
on differing state and national ideas. During the state festivals the town space was used
for the implementation of national and state ideas, and for the creation and accentuation
of new history used for political ends. That led to an ambivalence of symbolic meanings:
Nitra
appeared as the historic centre of Great Moravia (an argument for the coexistence of
a common state of Czechs and Slovaks) and simultaneously was considered as evidence of
the beginning of the history of the Slovaks (confirmation of their claim to independence).
Part of the social life of
Nitra
1918-1945
was the celebration of religious festivals, including
the summer pilgrimage for the feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the
pilgrimage on the feast-day of Saint Svorad, co-patron of the
Nitra
diocese (July
17).
Church
ceremonies were also part of the celebrations of state festivals. The Slovak Republic excluded
members of the Jewish community from these (and from public life as a whole).
The theatre in
Nitra
(founded
1883),
in the retrospective view of the inhabitants after
1918,
played a negative role in the Magyarisation of Slovaks. It became a place for the pre¬
sentation of contemporary ideological images; it acquired new symbolic meanings. Although
in reality the model for the theatre building was the National Theatre in Budapest, an idea
arose that its model was the Slovak National Theatre building in Bratislava. The theatre as
an institution was effective in preserving continuity of the town s multicultural character
(for example, by presenting Hungarian operettas during the Slovak Republic); at the same
time, however, it served also for the cultural and linguistic homogenisation of the town in
accordance with the national idea of the state (e.g. the town councillors directives giving
preference to the performance of Slovak authors and to performances in the Slovak language).
The author considers the linking of contradictory and ambivalent elements in the town s
memory as the basic principles of that memory s functioning.
SUMMARIES
I
391
Struggling for the memory of the <ity in transformation:
the
raso
of
Banská
Bystrita
Alexandra
Bitušíková
Memory is an important aspect of identity forming for each individual or group. The paper
builds upon Maurice
Halbwachs
s
concept of collective memory, used in the collective
spatiality that is the city. The main part of the study focuses on the transformations of
collective memory in the post-socialist city of
Banská
Bystrica in Central Slovakia. It
follows three areas related to memory wiping and memory forming in the post-socialist
period:
( 1 )
changes of street and square names;
(2)
changes of public spaces
(revitalisation
and introduction of new functions); and
(3)
changes of urban symbols (destruction of
old symbols and erection of new ones).
Changing of street and square names started right after
1989
and was organised by
an expert committee with a broad participation of the public. Despite the professional
and democratic approach to the task, the process was accompanied by a power struggle
of various groups that tried to get ownership of particular public spaces and their
memory.
Transformation of public spaces has been most obvious in the case of the central
square that has changed from a dull, grey and noisy traffic junction during the socialist
period to a multifunctional and dynamic public space serving different population groups.
With growing pressure from different interest groups and investors to rebuild existing
public spaces and to form new ones in order to get more profit, public engagement and
protests have increased, too, as some examples in the paper show.
The most obvious markers of memory and its crisis are monuments. The study
demonstrates several examples of the parade of dead bodies , in the words of
Katherine
Verdery, which tell the story of the destruction of old symbols and the erection of new
ones. All three areas of memory-related transformations in the city of
Banská
Bystrica
show a power struggle for collective memory that may influence or be influenced by the
individual memory of the city dweller. Memories of the city and its spaces and symbols
can have a significant influence on identification of urban inhabitants with their city and
their sense of belonging.
SUMMARIES
Monuments as a means of legitimisation of regimes
and transformation of
sonety:
the case of fne town of
Hové Zámky
Michaelo Ferencova
In this chapter the author concentrates on the connections between changes of
political regimes and the manipulation of monuments situated in public places. Taking
the example of the ethnically mixed town of
Nové Zámky
in south-west Slovakia,
she attempts to conceptualise the manipulation of monuments in a time of social
transformation.
The author compares the manipulation of monuments in two periods
( 1 )
in the first
half of the 20th century, when the state borders changed on a number of occasions and
Nové Zámky
was each time transferred to a different state, and
(2)
after the fall of the
communist regime in
1989
and the subsequent emergence of the independent Slovak
Republic. She devotes particular attention to the reasons for the intensive building of
monuments in the time of post-socialist transformation. She relates her thoughts to
Katherine
Verdery s work The Political Lives of Dead Bodies
(1999),
with a critical
elaboration of its arguments.
The author states that the logic of manipulation of monuments in
Nové Zámky
in the
1918-1945
period stemmed from the nationalising tendencies of two national
states
-
Czechoslovakia and Hungary
-
and their mutual confrontations. On the
symbolic level these confrontations consisted in removal of the monuments evoking the
preceding regime and building symbols of one s own. By this means representatives of
both national states strove to deny the hegemony of the preceding regime, to introduce
the new order and to legitimise their hegemony over their territory.
The situation after the fall of the communist regime appears to be more complex.
The prevalence of the construction of monuments over their removal, and the
unslackening interest in monuments in
Nové Zámky
to this day, casts doubt on the
validity of any simple model of the exchange of old symbols for new. The author states
that the intensive building and relocation of monuments in this period is based on four
fundamental principles
-
the attempt to compensate for the lost historic image of the
town; the activities of the local ethnic communities of Slovaks and Hungarians and
their mutual rivalry; the attempts by representatives of the urban administration to
regulate inter-ethnic relationships; and finally the attempt to compensate symbolically
for various injustices perpetrated in the past. The author seeks to reveal the connection
between these principles and the transformation processes, and elucidates the manner
in which monuments can function as means for the transformation of society and
legitimisation of regimes.
SUMMARIES
..................................................................................................................................................] 393
A town in the retollettions of one age-group:
youth in
Trenčín
in the
1960s
Monika
Vrzgulovtì
The author of this chapter makes available the first results of her qualitative research
focused on the contents of the memories of representatives of one age-group in the town
of
Trenčín,
with emphasis on the
1960s.
From individual autobiographical narratives
she acquires material forming the group memory of the observed group, names the
main themes of their narratives and points to how they are bound up with concrete
(often no longer existing currently) spaces in the town. She has proceeded from the
premise that we may consider as the memory of a given group only such information
as is repeated and re-delivered in further remembrance, hence what the members of
the group have in common. This involves, for example, common images
-
ideas of the
group, commonly acknowledged values, norms, memories of common activities or
mutual communication. In the individual biographical narratives the author in the first
instance describes elements which, according to the
interprétations
of group members,
characterised the group and were group-forming in the given period.
Having regard to the group s character
-
young single people in an urban space
with specific positions and roles
-
it is entirely logical that a common theme which is
profiled in their biographical recollections is the area of free time (forms of spending
free time, localisation of free-time activities in the town space, organisation and persons
-
authorities
-
playing a part in its organisation).
A further common theme of group memory of the young
Trenčín
generation in
the
1960s
is August
1968.
Their memories and interpretations of the contemporary
situation are concentrated on the first moment of becoming aware of the armies
presence in the town, or on the manner in which they learnt of it; on their own feelings
and actions; on descriptions of the soldiers appearance and opinions of them; on the
atmosphere in the town (the behaviour of people towards one another); and finally
attention is given to the gradual quiet creeping normalisation of the local society,
with political provisions and fateful consequences for the young people active in the
civic resistance .
At the close of her chapter the author sketches the attempt of the observed group
to materialise group memory and recollections of August
1968,
as expressed by the
naming of a square not far from the historic heart of the town after Alexander
Dubček,
the symbol of the renewal process in Czechoslovakia at that time.
|
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| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Böhmische Länder Slowakei |
| id | DE-604.BV036094652 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:11:27Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788087112229 9788086736174 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018985178 |
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| physical | 407 S. Ill. |
| psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
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| publisher | Etnologický Ústav Akad. Věd České Republiky [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Pamět města obraz města, veřejné komemorace a historické zlomy v 19. - 21. století [výkonné red.: Michaela Ferencová ...]. [Autoři:] Alexandra Bitušíková ... Vyd. 1. Brno Etnologický Ústav Akad. Věd České Republiky [u.a.] 2009 407 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassungen d. einzeln. Beitr. in engl. Sprache Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd rswk-swf Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd rswk-swf Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd rswk-swf Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 g Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 g Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 s Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 s DE-604 Ferencová, Michaela Sonstige oth Bitušíková, Alexandra 1960- Sonstige (DE-588)14186494X oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018985178&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018985178&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Pamět města obraz města, veřejné komemorace a historické zlomy v 19. - 21. století Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056723-0 (DE-588)4200793-8 (DE-588)4069573-6 (DE-588)4055297-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Pamět města obraz města, veřejné komemorace a historické zlomy v 19. - 21. století |
| title_auth | Pamět města obraz města, veřejné komemorace a historické zlomy v 19. - 21. století |
| title_exact_search | Pamět města obraz města, veřejné komemorace a historické zlomy v 19. - 21. století |
| title_full | Pamět města obraz města, veřejné komemorace a historické zlomy v 19. - 21. století [výkonné red.: Michaela Ferencová ...]. [Autoři:] Alexandra Bitušíková ... |
| title_fullStr | Pamět města obraz města, veřejné komemorace a historické zlomy v 19. - 21. století [výkonné red.: Michaela Ferencová ...]. [Autoři:] Alexandra Bitušíková ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pamět města obraz města, veřejné komemorace a historické zlomy v 19. - 21. století [výkonné red.: Michaela Ferencová ...]. [Autoři:] Alexandra Bitušíková ... |
| title_short | Pamět města |
| title_sort | pamet mesta obraz mesta verejne komemorace a historicke zlomy v 19 21 stoleti |
| title_sub | obraz města, veřejné komemorace a historické zlomy v 19. - 21. století |
| topic | Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd Kollektives Gedächtnis (DE-588)4200793-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Stadt Kollektives Gedächtnis Böhmische Länder Slowakei Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018985178&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018985178&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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