Verfügbarkeit: Additive manufacturing technologies

Additive manufacturing technologies: rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Gibson, Ian 1963- (VerfasserIn), Rosen, David 19XX- (VerfasserIn), Stucker, Brent 1971- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin Springer 2010
Schlagworte:	CAD/CAM systems Manufacturing processes > Automation Production control > Automation Rapid Prototyping > Fertigung
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	Literaturangaben
Beschreibung:	XXII, 459 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 235 mm x 155 mm
ISBN:	9781441911193

Internformat

MARC


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700	1		\|a Stucker, Brent \|d 1971- \|e Verfasser \|0 (DE-588)1118756479 \|4 aut
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	IMAGE 1 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC PRINCIPLES .......................................... 1 1.1 WHAT IS ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING?........................................ 1 1.2 WHAT ARE AM PARTS USED FOR? .......................................... 3 1.3 THE GENERIC AM PROCESS................................................. 3 1.3.1 STEP 1: CAD........................................................ 4 1.3.2 STEP 2: CONVERSION TO STL......................................... 4 1.3.3 STEP 3: TRANSFER TO AM MACHINE AND STL FILE MANIPULATION................................................... 5 1.3.4 STEP 4: MACHINE SETUP ............................................. 5 1.3.5 STEP 5: BUILD........................................................ 5 1.3.6 STEP 6: REMOVAL.................................................... 5 1.3.7 STEP 7: POSTPROCESSING.............................................. 5 1.3.8 STEP 8: APPLICATION................................................. 5 1.4 WHY USE THE TERM ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING? ........................... 6 1.4.1 AUTOMATED FABRICATION (AUTOFAB).................................. 6 1.4.2 FREEFORM FABRICATION OR SOLID FREEFORM FABRICATION.............. 7 1.4.3 ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OR LAYER-BASED MANUFACTURING .......... 7 1.4.4 STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR 3D PRINTING .................................. 7 1.4.5 RAPID PROTOTYPING .................................................. 8 1.5 THE BENEFITS OF AM ...................................................... 8 1.6 DISTINCTION BETWEEN AM AND CNC MACHINING.......................... 9 1.6.1 MATERIAL............................................................. 9 1.6.2 SPEED ............................................................. 10 1.6.3 COMPLEXITY ....................................................... 10 1.6.4 ACCURACY.......................................................... 11 1.6.5 GEOMETRY ......................................................... 11 1.6.6 PROGRAMMING ..................................................... 11 1.7 OTHER RELATED TECHNOLOGIES............................................. 12 1.7.1 REVERSE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY................................ 12 1.7.2 COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING.................................... 13 1.7.3 HAPTIC-BASED CAD............................................... 14 XIII IMAGE 2 1.8 ABOUT THIS BOOK ........................................................ 15 1.9 EXERCISES................................................................. 15 REFERENCES ................................................................. 16 2 DEVELOPMENT OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY .................. 17 2.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................. 17 2.2 COMPUTERS ............................................................... 17 2.3 COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN TECHNOLOGY................................... 20 2.4 OTHER ASSOCIATED TECHNOLOGIES ......................................... 23 2.4.1 LASERS............................................................. 23 2.4.2 PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES ............................................ 24 2.4.3 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS ................................ 24 2.4.4 MATERIALS.......................................................... 25 2.4.5 COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINING .................. 25 2.5 THE USE OF LAYERS....................................................... 26 2.6 CLASSIFICATION OF AM PROCESSES ......................................... 27 2.6.1 LIQUID POLYMER SYSTEMS ......................................... 29 2.6.2 DISCRETE PARTICLE SYSTEMS ........................................ 30 2.6.3 MOLTEN MATERIAL SYSTEMS......................................... 30 2.6.4 SOLID SHEET SYSTEMS.............................................. 31 2.6.5 NEW AM CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES ................................ 31 2.7 METAL SYSTEMS........................................................... 32 2.8 HYBRID SYSTEMS.......................................................... 33 2.9 MILESTONES IN AM DEVELOPMENT ........................................ 34 2.10 AM AROUND THE WORLD................................................. 35 2.11 THE FUTURE? RAPID PROTOTYPING DEVELOPS INTO DIRECT DIGITAL MANUFACTURING.......................................................... 37 2.12 EXERCISES ............................................................... 38 REFERENCES ................................................................. 38 3 GENERALIZED ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS CHAIN ................... 41 3.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................. 41 3.2 THE EIGHT STEPS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURE .............................. 42 3.2.1 STEP 1: CONCEPTUALIZATION AND CAD ............................. 42 3.2.2 STEP 2: CONVERSION TO STL....................................... 44 3.2.3 STEP 3: TRANSFER TO AM MACHINE AND STL FILE MANIPULATION................................................. 45 3.2.4 STEP 4: MACHINE SETUP ........................................... 45 3.2.5 STEP 5: BUILD...................................................... 46 3.2.6 STEP 6: REMOVAL AND CLEANUP.................................... 46 3.2.7 STEP 7: POST-PROCESS .............................................. 46 3.2.8 STEP 8: APPLICATION............................................... 47 3.3 VARIATIONS FROM ONE AM MACHINE TO ANOTHER ......................... 47 3.3.1 PHOTOPOLYMER-BASED SYSTEMS.................................... 48 XIV CONTENTS IMAGE 3 3.3.2 POWDER-BASED SYSTEMS........................................... 48 3.3.3 MOLTEN MATERIAL SYSTEMS......................................... 49 3.3.4 SOLID SHEETS ...................................................... 50 3.4 METAL SYSTEMS........................................................... 50 3.4.1 THE USE OF SUBSTRATES ............................................ 50 3.4.2 ENERGY DENSITY ................................................... 50 3.4.3 WEIGHT............................................................ 51 3.4.4 ACCURACY.......................................................... 51 3.4.5 SPEED ............................................................. 51 3.5 MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT.............................................. 51 3.6 MATERIALS HANDLING ISSUES............................................... 52 3.7 DESIGN FOR AM .......................................................... 53 3.7.1 PART ORIENTATION................................................... 53 3.7.2 REMOVAL OF SUPPORTS............................................. 53 3.7.3 HOLLOWING OUT PARTS.............................................. 54 3.7.4 INCLUSION OF UNDERCUTS AND OTHER MANUFACTURING CONSTRAINING FEATURES ............................................ 54 3.7.5 INTERLOCKING FEATURES............................................. 55 3.7.6 REDUCTION OF PART COUNT IN AN ASSEMBLY ........................ 56 3.7.7 IDENTIFICATION MARKINGS/NUMBERS ................................ 56 3.8 APPLICATION AREAS THAT DON T INVOLVE CONVENTIONAL CAD MODELING .......................................................... 56 3.8.1 MEDICAL MODELING................................................ 56 3.8.2 REVERSE ENGINEERING DATA........................................ 57 3.8.3 ARCHITECTURAL MODELING........................................... 57 3.9 FURTHER DISCUSSION....................................................... 57 3.9.1 EXERCISES.......................................................... 59 REFERENCES ................................................................. 59 4 PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION PROCESSES ........................................... 61 4.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................. 61 4.2 PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION MATERIALS.......................................... 63 4.2.1 UV CURABLE PHOTOPOLYMERS...................................... 63 4.2.2 OVERVIEW OF PHOTOPOLYMER CHEMISTRY........................... 65 4.2.3 RESIN FORMULATIONS AND REACTION MECHANISMS.................. 67 4.3 REACTION RATES........................................................... 70 4.4 VECTOR SCAN SL.......................................................... 71 4.4.1 SL PROCESS OVERVIEW............................................. 71 4.4.2 SL MACHINES...................................................... 72 4.5 SL RESIN CURING PROCESS................................................ 75 4.5.1 IRRADIANCE AND EXPOSURE.......................................... 76 4.5.2 LASER-RESIN INTERACTION .......................................... 78 4.5.3 PHOTOSPEED........................................................ 81 4.5.4 TIME SCALES....................................................... 82 CONTENTS XV IMAGE 4 4.6 SL SCAN PATTERNS ........................................................ 83 4.6.1 LAYER-BASED BUILD PHENOMENA AND ERRORS ...................... 83 4.6.2 WEAVE .......................................................... 83 4.6.3 STAR-WEAVE .................................................. 85 4.6.4 ACES SCAN PATTERN............................................... 87 4.7 VECTOR SCAN MICROSTEREOLITHOGRAPHY.................................... 91 4.8 MASK PROJECTION PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES............................................................ 92 4.8.1 MASK PROJECTION SL TECHNOLOGY................................. 92 4.8.2 COMMERCIAL MPSL SYSTEMS ..................................... 94 4.8.3 MPSL MODELING.................................................. 95 4.9 TWO-PHOTON SL.......................................................... 96 4.10 SUMMARY ............................................................... 98 4.11 EXERCISES ............................................................... 99 REFERENCES ................................................................ 100 5 POWDER BED FUSION PROCESSES ........................................... 103 5.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................. 103 5.2 SLS PROCESS DESCRIPTION ............................................... 103 5.3 POWDER FUSION MECHANISMS ........................................... 105 5.3.1 SOLID-STATE SINTERING............................................. 105 5.3.2 CHEMICALLY-INDUCED SINTERING................................... 108 5.3.3 LIQUID-PHASE SINTERING AND PARTIAL MELTING..................... 108 5.3.4 FULL MELTING ..................................................... 112 5.4 POWDER HANDLING....................................................... 113 5.4.1 POWDER HANDLING CHALLENGES ................................... 113 5.4.2 POWDER HANDLING SYSTEMS ...................................... 115 5.4.3 POWDER RECYCLING ............................................... 116 5.5 APPROACHES TO METAL AND CERAMIC PART CREATION...................... 117 5.5.1 METAL PARTS....................................................... 117 5.5.2 CERAMIC PARTS.................................................... 119 5.6 VARIANTS OF POWDER BED FUSION PROCESSES............................. 120 5.6.1 LASER-BASED SYSTEMS FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE PROCESSING ....................................................... 120 5.6.2 LASER-BASED SYSTEMS FOR METALS AND CERAMICS................. 123 5.6.3 ELECTRON BEAM MELTING.......................................... 126 5.6.4 LINE-WISE AND LAYER-WISE PBF PROCESSES ...................... 130 5.7 PROCESS PARAMETERS ..................................................... 133 5.8 APPLIED ENERGY CORRELATIONS AND SCAN PATTERNS....................... 135 5.9 TYPICAL MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS.................................... 138 5.10 MATERIALS .............................................................. 138 5.10.1 CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS.................................. 140 5.11 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................... 141 5.12 EXERCISES .............................................................. 141 REFERENCES ................................................................ 142 XVI CONTENTS IMAGE 5 6 EXTRUSION-BASED SYSTEMS ................................................. 143 6.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................. 143 6.2 BASIC PRINCIPLES ........................................................ 144 6.2.1 MATERIAL LOADING ................................................ 144 6.2.2 LIQUIFICATION..................................................... 145 6.2.3 EXTRUSION ........................................................ 146 6.2.4 SOLIDIFICATION .................................................... 149 6.2.5 POSITIONAL CONTROL ............................................... 150 6.2.6 BONDING.......................................................... 151 6.2.7 SUPPORT GENERATION.............................................. 152 6.3 PLOTTING AND PATH CONTROL .............................................. 153 6.4 FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING FROM STRATASYS............................ 157 6.4.1 FDM MACHINE TYPES............................................ 157 6.5 MATERIALS................................................................ 159 6.6 LIMITATIONS OF FDM.................................................... 160 6.7 BIOEXTRUSION ............................................................ 162 6.7.1 GEL FORMATION ................................................... 162 6.7.2 MELT EXTRUSION................................................... 162 6.7.3 SCAFFOLD ARCHITECTURES........................................... 164 6.8 OTHER SYSTEMS .......................................................... 165 6.8.1 CONTOUR CRAFTING ................................................ 165 6.8.2 NONPLANAR SYSTEMS.............................................. 165 6.8.3 FDM OF CERAMICS ............................................... 166 6.8.4 REPRAP AND FAB@HOME ......................................... 167 6.9 EXERCISES................................................................ 168 REFERENCES ................................................................ 168 7 PRINTING PROCESSES ........................................................ 171 7.1 EVOLUTION OF PRINTING AS AN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS ......... 171 7.1.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF 3D PRINTING......................... 172 7.1.2 COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PRINTING MACHINES.................... 172 7.1.3 ADVANTAGES OF PRINTING.......................................... 174 7.2 RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS IN PRINTING DEPOSITION ....................... 176 7.2.1 POLYMERS......................................................... 176 7.2.2 CERAMICS......................................................... 178 7.2.3 METALS............................................................ 179 7.3 TECHNICAL CHALLENGES OF PRINTING ...................................... 181 7.3.1 DROPLET FORMATION TECHNOLOGIES................................ 183 7.3.2 CONTINUOUS MODE................................................ 184 7.3.3 DROP-ON-DEMAND MODE......................................... 186 7.3.4 OTHER DROPLET FORMATION METHODS.............................. 187 7.4 PRINTING PROCESS MODELING ............................................. 188 7.5 MATERIAL MODIFICATION METHODS ........................................ 192 7.5.1 HOT MELT DEPOSITION............................................. 193 CONTENTS XVII IMAGE 6 7.5.2 SOLUTION- AND DISPERSION-BASED DEPOSITION .................... 193 7.5.3 PREPOLYMER DEPOSITION.......................................... 194 7.6 THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING............................................ 195 7.6.1 TECHNOLOGY ...................................................... 195 7.6.2 COMMERCIAL MACHINES .......................................... 196 7.6.3 OTHER MATERIALS.................................................. 199 7.7 ADVANTAGES OF BINDER PRINTING......................................... 201 7.8 EXERCISES................................................................ 201 REFERENCES ................................................................ 203 8 SHEET LAMINATION PROCESSES ............................................. 207 8.1 GLUING OR ADHESIVE BONDING........................................... 207 8.1.1 BOND-THEN-FORM PROCESSES...................................... 208 8.1.2 FORM-THEN-BOND PROCESSES...................................... 210 8.2 THERMAL BONDING....................................................... 212 8.3 PROCESSES BASED ON SHEET METAL CLAMPING............................ 214 8.4 ULTRASONIC CONSOLIDATION............................................... 214 8.4.1 UC BOND QUALITY................................................ 216 8.4.2 UC PROCESS FUNDAMENTALS....................................... 216 8.4.3 UC PROCESS PARAMETERS AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION ............. 220 8.4.4 MICROSTRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF UC PARTS....... 222 8.4.5 MODELING OF UC ................................................. 226 8.4.6 UC APPLICATIONS................................................. 231 8.5 CONCLUSIONS............................................................. 234 8.6 EXERCISES................................................................ 235 REFERENCES ................................................................ 235 9 BEAM DEPOSITION PROCESSES .............................................. 237 9.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................. 237 9.2 GENERAL BEAM DEPOSITION PROCESS DESCRIPTION........................ 239 9.3 MATERIAL DELIVERY....................................................... 240 9.3.1 POWDER FEEDING ................................................. 240 9.3.2 WIRE FEEDING .................................................... 243 9.4 BD SYSTEMS............................................................. 244 9.5 PROCESS PARAMETERS ..................................................... 248 9.6 TYPICAL MATERIALS AND MICROSTRUCTURE.................................. 248 9.7 PROCESSING-STRUCTURE-PROPERTIES RELATIONSHIPS........................ 252 9.8 BD BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS ........................................... 256 9.9 EXERCISES................................................................ 258 REFERENCES ................................................................ 258 10 DIRECT WRITE TECHNOLOGIES ............................................... 259 10.1 DIRECT WRITE TECHNOLOGIES............................................ 259 10.2 BACKGROUND ........................................................... 259 XVIII CONTENTS IMAGE 7 10.3 INK-BASED DW ........................................................ 260 10.3.1 NOZZLE DISPENSING PROCESSES ................................. 261 10.3.2 QUILL-TYPE PROCESSES.......................................... 264 10.3.3 INKJET PRINTING PROCESSES...................................... 265 10.3.4 AEROSOL DW................................................... 266 10.4 LASER TRANSFER DW.................................................... 267 10.5 THERMAL SPRAY DW ................................................... 270 10.6 BEAM DEPOSITION DW................................................. 272 10.6.1 LASER CVD .................................................... 272 10.6.2 FOCUSED ION BEAM CVD...................................... 274 10.6.3 ELECTRON BEAM CVD .......................................... 275 10.7 LIQUID-PHASE DIRECT DEPOSITION ...................................... 275 10.8 BEAM TRACING APPROACHES TO ADDITIVE/SUBTRACTIVE DW............. 276 10.8.1 ELECTRON BEAM TRACING ....................................... 277 10.8.2 FOCUSED ION BEAM TRACING ................................... 277 10.8.3 LASER BEAM TRACING .......................................... 277 10.9 HYBRID TECHNOLOGIES.................................................. 278 10.10 APPLICATIONS OF DIRECT WRITE TECHNOLOGIES ......................... 278 10.10.1 EXERCISES................................................... 281 REFERENCES ................................................................ 281 11 DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING ..................................... 283 11.1 MOTIVATION............................................................. 283 11.2 DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY ............................ 284 11.3 CORE DFAM CONCEPTS AND OBJECTIVES ............................... 287 11.3.1 COMPLEX GEOMETRY ........................................... 288 11.3.2 CUSTOMIZED GEOMETRY ........................................ 288 11.3.3 INTEGRATED ASSEMBLIES......................................... 288 11.3.4 ELIMINATION OF CONVENTIONAL DFM CONSTRAINTS .............. 289 11.4 AM UNIQUE CAPABILITIES .............................................. 289 11.4.1 SHAPE COMPLEXITY............................................. 290 11.4.2 HIERARCHICAL COMPLEXITY...................................... 291 11.4.3 FUNCTIONAL COMPLEXITY........................................ 292 11.4.4 MATERIAL COMPLEXITY .......................................... 295 11.5 EXPLORING DESIGN FREEDOMS .......................................... 296 11.5.1 PART CONSOLIDATION AND REDESIGN ............................. 296 11.5.2 HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURES........................................ 297 11.5.3 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN APPLICATIONS................................ 299 11.6 DESIGN TOOLS FOR AM ................................................. 300 11.6.1 CHALLENGES FOR CAD .......................................... 301 11.6.2 SOLID-MODELING CAD SYSTEMS................................ 302 11.6.3 PROMISING TECHNOLOGIES ...................................... 304 11.6.4 SEARCH AND SYNTHESIS METHODS................................ 308 11.6.5 CANTILEVER BEAM EXAMPLE .................................... 312 CONTENTS XIX IMAGE 8 11.7 SUMMARY .............................................................. 314 11.8 EXERCISES .............................................................. 314 REFERENCES ................................................................ 314 12 GUIDELINES FOR PROCESS SELECTION ......................................... 317 12.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 317 12.2 SELECTION METHODS FOR A PART.......................................... 318 12.2.1 DECISION THEORY............................................... 318 12.2.2 APPROACHES TO DETERMINING FEASIBILITY....................... 319 12.2.3 APPROACHES TO SELECTION ...................................... 321 12.2.4 SELECTION EXAMPLE ............................................ 323 12.3 CHALLENGES OF SELECTION............................................... 327 12.4 EXAMPLE SYSTEM FOR PRELIMINARY SELECTION .......................... 329 12.5 PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL..................................... 335 12.5.1 PRODUCTION PLANNING........................................... 336 12.5.2 PRE-PROCESSING................................................. 336 12.5.3 PART BUILD...................................................... 337 12.5.4 POST-PROCESSING................................................ 337 12.5.5 SUMMARY ...................................................... 338 12.6 OPEN PROBLEMS........................................................ 338 12.7 EXERCISES .............................................................. 339 REFERENCES ................................................................ 339 13 SOFTWARE ISSUES FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING ........................... 341 13.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 341 13.2 PREPARATION OF CAD MODELS - THE STL FILE.......................... 341 13.2.1 STL FILE FORMAT, BINARY/ASCII.............................. 342 13.2.2 CREATING STL FILES FROM A CAD SYSTEM..................... 343 13.2.3 CALCULATION OF EACH SLICE PROFILE ............................. 345 13.2.4 TECHNOLOGY SPECIFIC ELEMENTS................................ 349 13.3 PROBLEMS WITH STL FILES ............................................. 351 13.4 STL FILE MANIPULATION................................................ 354 13.4.1 VIEWERS........................................................ 355 13.4.2 STL MANIPULATION ON THE AM MACHINE ...................... 356 13.5 BEYOND THE STL FILE.................................................. 357 13.5.1 DIRECT SLICING OF THE CAD MODEL ............................ 357 13.5.2 COLOR MODELS.................................................. 357 13.5.3 MULTIPLE MATERIALS ............................................ 358 13.5.4 USE OF STL FOR MACHINING.................................... 358 13.6 ADDITIONAL SOFTWARE TO ASSIST AM.................................... 359 13.6.1 EXERCISES ...................................................... 360 REFERENCES ................................................................ 361 XX CONTENTS IMAGE 9 14 DIRECT DIGITAL MANUFACTURING ............................................ 363 14.1 ALIGN TECHNOLOGY..................................................... 363 14.2 SIEMENS AND PHONAK .................................................. 365 14.3 CUSTOM SOCCER SHOES AND OTHER DDM EXAMPLES ................... 367 14.4 DDM DRIVERS.......................................................... 370 14.5 MANUFACTURING VS. PROTOTYPING ....................................... 372 14.6 COST ESTIMATION ....................................................... 374 14.6.1 COST MODEL.................................................... 374 14.6.2 BUILD TIME MODEL ............................................ 376 14.6.3 STEREOLITHOGRAPHY EXAMPLE ................................... 379 14.7 LIFE-CYCLE COSTING.................................................... 380 14.8 FUTURE OF DIRECT DIGITAL MANUFACTURING .............................. 382 14.9 EXERCISES .............................................................. 383 REFERENCES ................................................................ 384 15 MEDICAL APPLICATIONS FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURE ....................... 385 15.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 385 15.2 THE USE OF AM TO SUPPORT MEDICAL APPLICATIONS.................... 386 15.2.1 SURGICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC AIDS................................. 387 15.2.2 PROSTHETICS DEVELOPMENT...................................... 389 15.2.3 MANUFACTURING................................................. 390 15.2.4 TISSUE ENGINEERING AND ORGAN PRINTING ...................... 390 15.3 SOFTWARE SUPPORT FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS.......................... 392 15.4 LIMITATIONS OF AM FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS ........................ 393 15.4.1 SPEED.......................................................... 394 15.4.2 COST............................................................ 394 15.4.3 ACCURACY ...................................................... 395 15.5 MATERIALS .............................................................. 395 15.5.1 EASE OF USE.................................................... 395 15.6 FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL AM APPLICATIONS.................. 396 15.6.1 APPROVALS ..................................................... 396 15.6.2 INSURANCE ...................................................... 397 15.6.3 ENGINEERING TRAINING ......................................... 397 15.6.4 LOCATION OF THE TECHNOLOGY .................................. 398 15.6.5 SERVICE BUREAUS............................................... 398 15.7 EXERCISES .............................................................. 398 REFERENCES ................................................................ 399 16 POST-PROCESSING ........................................................... 401 16.1 SUPPORT MATERIAL REMOVAL............................................ 401 16.1.1 NATURAL SUPPORT POST-PROCESSING.............................. 402 16.1.2 SYNTHETIC SUPPORT REMOVAL................................... 403 16.2 SURFACE TEXTURE IMPROVEMENTS ....................................... 405 16.3 ACCURACY IMPROVEMENTS .............................................. 406 CONTENTS XXI IMAGE 10 16.3.1 ERROR SOURCES.................................................. 406 16.3.2 MODEL PRE-PROCESSING......................................... 407 16.3.3 MACHINING STRATEGY ........................................... 408 16.4 AESTHETIC IMPROVEMENTS .............................................. 412 16.5 PREPARATION FOR USE AS A PATTERN....................................... 413 16.5.1 INVESTMENT CASTING PATTERNS .................................. 414 16.5.2 SAND CASTING PATTERNS......................................... 414 16.5.3 OTHER PATTERN REPLICATION METHODS........................... 415 16.6 PROPERTY ENHANCEMENTS USING NON-THERMAL TECHNIQUES............. 416 16.7 PROPERTY ENHANCEMENTS USING THERMAL TECHNIQUES.................. 417 16.8 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................... 420 16.9 EXERCISES .............................................................. 420 REFERENCES ................................................................ 421 17 THE USE OF MULTIPLE MATERIALS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING ........... 423 17.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 423 17.2 MULTIPLE MATERIAL APPROACHES........................................ 423 17.3 DISCRETE MULTIPLE MATERIAL PROCESSES................................. 424 17.4 POROUS MULTIPLE MATERIAL PROCESSES .................................. 427 17.5 BLENDED MULTIPLE MATERIAL PROCESSES................................. 429 17.6 EMBEDDED COMPONENT AM........................................... 431 17.7 COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS USING MULTIPLE MATERIALS................. 432 17.8 FUTURE DIRECTIONS...................................................... 433 17.8.1 DESIGN TOOLS .................................................. 434 17.8.2 ANALYSIS ....................................................... 434 17.8.3 MULTI-AXIS SYSTEMS............................................ 434 17.8.4 MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT ....................................... 435 17.8.5 APPLICATIONS................................................... 435 17.9 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................... 435 17.10 EXERCISES............................................................. 436 REFERENCES ................................................................ 436 18 BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS ......................... 437 18.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 437 18.2 NEW TYPES OF PRODUCTS AND EMPLOYMENT............................ 439 18.2.1 NEW TYPES OF PRODUCTS ....................................... 439 18.2.2 NEW TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT................................... 440 18.3 DIGIPRONEURSHIP....................................................... 442 18.4 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................... 445 18.5 EXERCISES .............................................................. 446 REFERENCES ................................................................ 446 INDEX .......................................................................... 447 XXII CONTENTS
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author	Gibson, Ian 1963- Rosen, David 19XX- Stucker, Brent 1971-
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discipline	Fertigungstechnik Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik
format	Book
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id	DE-604.BV036094502
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-07-09T22:11:26Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9781441911193
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018985033
oclc_num	444428450
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-29T DE-1050 DE-83 DE-703 DE-92 DE-20 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM
owner_facet	DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-29T DE-1050 DE-83 DE-703 DE-92 DE-20 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM
physical	XXII, 459 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 235 mm x 155 mm
publishDate	2010
publishDateSearch	2010
publishDateSort	2010
publisher	Springer
record_format	marc
spelling	Gibson, Ian 1963- Verfasser (DE-588)1046560719 aut Additive manufacturing technologies rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing I. Gibson ; D. W. Rosen ; B. Stucker Berlin Springer 2010 XXII, 459 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 235 mm x 155 mm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben CAD/CAM systems Manufacturing processes Automation Production control Automation Rapid Prototyping Fertigung (DE-588)4389159-7 gnd rswk-swf Rapid Prototyping Fertigung (DE-588)4389159-7 s DE-604 Rosen, David 19XX- Verfasser (DE-588)1118756282 aut Stucker, Brent 1971- Verfasser (DE-588)1118756479 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-4419-1120-9 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018985033&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Gibson, Ian 1963- Rosen, David 19XX- Stucker, Brent 1971- Additive manufacturing technologies rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing CAD/CAM systems Manufacturing processes Automation Production control Automation Rapid Prototyping Fertigung (DE-588)4389159-7 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4389159-7
title	Additive manufacturing technologies rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing
title_auth	Additive manufacturing technologies rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing
title_exact_search	Additive manufacturing technologies rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing
title_full	Additive manufacturing technologies rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing I. Gibson ; D. W. Rosen ; B. Stucker
title_fullStr	Additive manufacturing technologies rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing I. Gibson ; D. W. Rosen ; B. Stucker
title_full_unstemmed	Additive manufacturing technologies rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing I. Gibson ; D. W. Rosen ; B. Stucker
title_short	Additive manufacturing technologies
title_sort	additive manufacturing technologies rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing
title_sub	rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing
topic	CAD/CAM systems Manufacturing processes Automation Production control Automation Rapid Prototyping Fertigung (DE-588)4389159-7 gnd
topic_facet	CAD/CAM systems Manufacturing processes Automation Production control Automation Rapid Prototyping Fertigung
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018985033&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT gibsonian additivemanufacturingtechnologiesrapidprototypingtodirectdigitalmanufacturing AT rosendavid additivemanufacturingtechnologiesrapidprototypingtodirectdigitalmanufacturing AT stuckerbrent additivemanufacturingtechnologiesrapidprototypingtodirectdigitalmanufacturing

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