Urban water engineering and management:
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton [u.a.]
CRC Press
2010
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Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XXV, 602 S. graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 9781439813102 |
Internformat
MARC
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010 | |a 2009035201 | ||
020 | |a 9781439813102 |9 978-1-439-81310-2 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)699516301 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV036093944 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
044 | |a xxu |c US | ||
049 | |a DE-634 | ||
050 | 0 | |a TD345 | |
082 | 0 | |a 628.1 | |
100 | 1 | |a Karamouz, Mohammad |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1029442169 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Urban water engineering and management |c Mohammad Karamouz ; Ali Moridi ; Sara Nazif |
264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton [u.a.] |b CRC Press |c 2010 | |
300 | |a XXV, 602 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
650 | 4 | |a Water-supply engineering | |
650 | 4 | |a Municipal water supply |x Management | |
650 | 4 | |a Water quality management | |
700 | 1 | |a Moridi, Ali |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
700 | 1 | |a Nazif, Sara |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)1029442673 |4 oth | |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m OEBV Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018984492&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018984492 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804141158599753728 |
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adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE XIX
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XXIII
AUTHORS XXV
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . I
].1 URBAN WATER CYCLE 2
].1.1 COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.] .2 IMPACT OF URBANIZATION . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . .
. . 4
1.2 INTERACTION OF CLIMATIC, HYDROLOGIE PROCESS, AND URBAN COMPONENTS 5
1.2.1 CLIMATIC EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.2 HYDROLOGIE EFFECTS . . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 6
1.2.3 QUALITATIVE ASPECTS 7
1.2.4 GREENHOUSE EFFECT 8
1.2.5 URBAN HOT ISLANDS .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. . .
.. . . . 8
1.2.6 CULTURAL ASPECTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . .. .. . . .
. .. 9
1.3 URBAN WATER INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT. . . . .. .. . . . . . . .
. .. .. . . . . .. . 9
1.3.1 LIFE CYCLE
ASSESSMENT................................................ 10
1.3.2 LIFE OF URBAN WATER
INFRASTFLLCTURE................................... 11
1.3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL PERFORMANCES............... 12
1.4 URBAN WATER CYC1EMANAGEMENT............................. 12
1.5 SUMMARY AND
CONC1USION..................................................... 14
REFERENCES 14
CHAPTER 2 GOVEMANCE AND URBAN WATER P1ANNING 17
2.] INTRODUETION .. . . . .. . . . . . . . ] 7
2.2 WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3 WATER GOVERNANCE .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . 19
2.3.] CONSEQUENEES OF POOR GOVEMANCE . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 20
2.3.2 WATER GOVERNANCE AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL 20
2.4 GOVERNANCE MODELS , 2
2.4.] GENERIE GOVERNANCE MODELS FOR WATER SUPPLY 21
2.4.2 BUILDING A GOVERNANCE MODEL. . . . . . . 22
2.4.2.1 CHOOSING PRINCIPLES ,........................... 23
2.4.2.2 GOOD GOVERNANCE PROCESSES 23
2.5 ABSENCE OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION...................... 27
2.5.1 CONVENTIONAL APPROACHES 27
25.2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPROACHES ,. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . 27
2.S.3 INTERNATIONAL
APPROACHES............................................. 28
2.6 REMAINING ISSUES . , , . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
28
2.7 URBAN PLANNING 29
2.7.1 REGIONAL AND LOCAL
STRATEGIES........................................ 30
2.7.2 PREPARING ALAND AND WATER STRATEGY 30
2.7.3 MASTER
PLANS........................................................... 31
VII
IMAGE 2
VIII CONTENTS
2.8 URBAN WATER PLANNING . . . . 32
2.8.1 PARADIGM SHIFT . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 32
2.8.1.1 SHIFT FROM THE NEWTONIAN PARADIGM TO THE HOLISTIC PARADIGM 32
2.8.1.2 PARADIGMS OF URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT..... . 37
2.8.2 LAND USE PLANNING..... .. . . 38
2.8.2.1 DYNAMIC STRATEGY PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN LAND USE
MANAGEMENT............................ 38
2.8.2.2 URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANS AND THE DSR 41
2.8.2.3 DSR DYNAMIC DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM...... 42
2.9 URBAN WATER
ASSESSMENT...................................................... 44
2.9.1 AVAILABILITY AND DEMAND .. ...... ......... .. .. . 45
2.9.1.1 IRNPORTANCE OFWATER ASSESSMENTS 45
2.9.1.2 NEED FOR A WATER KNOWLEDGE BASE........................ 45
2.9.1.3 OBJECTIVES 45
2.9.1.4 DEMAND AS A FUNCTION OF USER BEHAVIOR AND PREFERENCES 45
2.9.1.5 IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING AND GAUGING SYSTEMS........ 45 2.9.1.6
ENVIROMNENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS 45
2.9.1.7 RISK ASSESSRNENT TOOLS 46
2.9.1.8 RISK MANAGEMENT. . .. . . 46
2.9.1.9 PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE.................................... 46
2.9.2 COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS...........................
46
2.9.2.1 COMMUNICATION FOR ENHANCEMENT OF STAKEHOLDER LNVOLVEMENT , .
46
2.9.2.2 INFORMATION NEEDS FOR STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT......... 46
2.9.2.3 STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES................... 46
2.9.2.4 OPCNNESS AND TRANSPARENCY 47
2.9.2.5 EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION... . . .. 47
2.9.3 WATER ALLOCATION AND CONFLICT
RESOLUTION........................... 47
2.9.3.1 ISSUES IN ALLOCATION 47
2.9.3.2 ALLOCATION BY MARKET-BASED INSTRUMENTS................. 47
2.9.3.3 USING VALUATION TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS..................... 47
2.9.3.4 RESOLUTION OF UPSTREAM-DOWNSTREAM CONFLICTS 47 2.9.3.5 CONFLICT
MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES 47
2.9.3.6 VALUATION BY CONT1ICT RESOLUTION METHODS 47
2.9.3.7 VALUATION RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS 48
2.9.4 RCGULATORY
INSTRUMENTS............................................... 48
2.9.4.1 DIRECT CONTROLS............................................. 48
2.9.4.2 ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS..................................... 49
2.9.5 TECHNOLOGICAL
INSTRUMENTS........................................... 50
2.9.5.1 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES TOWARD SUSTAINABILITY 50 2.9.5.2 RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT IN TECHNOLOGY 50
2.9.5.3 TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 50
2.9.5.4 TECHNOLOGICAL CHOICES..................................... 50
2.10 CONCLUDING REMARKS 50
RCFERCNCES SI
CHAPTCR J URBAN WATET HYDROLOGY 53
3.1
ILLTROCLLLCLION....................................................................
53
3.2 RAINFALL-RUNOFFANALYSIS IN URBAN
AREAS.................................... 53
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS IX
3.2.1 DRAINAGE AREA CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .
. . 53
3.2.2 RAINFALL LOSSES 54
3.2.3 TIME OF
CONCENTRATION................................................ 55
3.3 EXCESS RAINFALL
CAKULATION................................................... 57
3.3.1 INTERCEPTION STORAGE ESTIMATION 57
3.3.2 ESTIRNATION OF INFILTRATION. .. . .. .. 58
3.3.2.1 GREEN AND AMPT MODEL................................... 60
3.3.2.2 HORTON METHOD............................................. 62
3.3.2.3 MODIFIED HORTON METHOD.................................. 67
3.3.2.4 HOLTAN METHOD . . . . . . . 68
3.3.2.5 SIMPLE INFILTRATION MODELS........ . . . . 70
3.3.3 DEPRESSION
STORAGE................................................... 72
3.3.4 COMBINED LOSS MODELS..............................................
73
3.3.4.1 SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE METHOD ,. . 73
3.3.4.2 OTHER COMBINED LOSS MODELS.... .. . . . . 79
3.4 RAINFALL
MEASUREMENT......................................................... 79
3.4.1 INTENSITY-DURATION-FREQUENCY CURVES: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 79
3.5 ESTIMATION OF URBAN RUNOFFVOLUME 81
3.5.1 RATIONAL METHOD 81
3.5.2 COEFFICIENT AND REGRESSION
METHODS................................. 84
3.5.3 USGS URBAN PEAK DISCHARGE FORMULAE............................. 84
3.6 UNIT HYDROGRAPHS 87
3.6.1 UH DEVELOPMENT 88
3.6.2 ESPEY 10-MIN
UH..................................................... 88
3.6.3 SCS UH 93
3.6.4 GAMMA FUNCTION UH . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. 96
3.6.5 TIME-AREA UHS...... 98
3.6.6 APPLICATION OF THE UH METHOD 102
3.7 REVISITING A FLOOD RECORD 104
3.7.1 URBAN EFFECTS ON PEAK DISEHARGE 104
3.7.2 FLOOD REEORD ADJUSTING 107
3.8 TEST OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE URBAN EFFECT 110
3.8.1 SPEARMAN TEST 111
3.8.2 SPEARMAN-CONLEY TEST 113
3.9 HYDROLOGIE MODELING SYSTEM (HEC-HMS) 115
3.9.1 MODELING BASIN COMPONENTS 116
3.9.2 ANALYSIS OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA 117
3.9.3 RAINFALL-RUNOFF SIMULATION 117
3.9.4 PARAMETERS ESTIMATION 117
3.9.5 STARTING THE PROGRAM 118
3.9.5.] PROJECT DEFINITION SCREEN 118
3.9.5.2 INPUT DATA IN HEC-HMS MODEL 119
3.9.5.3 OUTPUT DATA IN THE HEC-HMS MODEL 119
PROBLEMS I 19
REFERENCES 124
CHAPTER 4 URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND DEMAND . . .. 127
4.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .. 127
4.2 HISTORY OF WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPRNENT 128
4.3 WATER AVAILABILITY 128
IMAGE 4
X CONTENTS
4.4 WATER DEVELOPMENT AND SHARE OF WATER USERS 130
4.5 MAN-MADE AND NATURAL RESOUREES FORWATER SUPPLIES 13]
4.6 SUPPLEMENTARY SOURCES OFWATER 131
4.7 WATER TREATMENT METHODS ,. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ..
133
4.8 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM CHALLENGES 134
4.9 WATER DEMAND 134
4.9.1 FLUCTUATIONS IN WATER USE 135
4.9.2 WATER QUANTITY STANDARDS IN URBAN AREAS 137
4.10 WATER DEMAND FOREEASTING 139
4.]] WATER STORAGE 139
4.12 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14]
4. I 2.1 SYSTEM COMPONENTS 142
4.13 HYDRAU1ICS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 144
4.13.1 ENERGY EQUATION OF PIPE FLOW 144
4.13.2 EVALUATION OF HEAD LOSS DUE TO FRICTION , 145
4.13.2.1 DAREY-WEISBACH EQUATION 145
4.13.2.2 HAZEN-WILLIAMS EQUATION FOR THE FRICTION HEAD LASS 148
4.13.2.3 MINORHEADLOSS 149
4.14 PIPEL INE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15]
4.14.1 PIPES IN SERIES 154
4.14.2 PIPES IN PARALLEL ]57
4.14.3 PIPE NETWORKS 159
4.15 WATER QUALITY MODELING IN A WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 162
4J5.1 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 163
4.] 5.2 WATER QUALITY MODEL DEVELOPMENT 163
4.1 5.3 CHLORINE DECAY 165
4.15.3.1 BULK DECAY 165
4.15.3.2 WALL DEEAY 165
4.15.3.3 OVERALL DECAY RATE 166
4.15.4 STATISTIC MODEL OF SUBSTANCE CONCENTRATION 168
4.15.5 SOLUTION MODELS ]69
4.15.5.1 EPANET 170
4.15.5.2 QUALNET 170
4.15.5.3 EVENT-DRIVEN METHOD , 171
4.15.6 WATER QUALITY MONITORING 171
4.15.7 CONDUCTING A TRACER STUDY 172
4.16 CONCLUDING REMARKS 175
PROBLEMS 175
REFERENCES 179
CHAPTER 5 URBAN WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT 183
5.1 LNTRODUCTION 183
5.2 BASIC DEFINITIONS OFWATER USE 183
5.3 PARADIGM SHIFT IN URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT: TOWARD DERNAND MANAGEMENT.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 184
5.3.1 SUPPLY MANAGEMENT 184
5.3.2 DEMAND MANAGEMENT 185
5.4 THE SOFT PATB FOR WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 187
5.5 URBAN WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT: OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES 189 5.6
UWDM SCREENING 192
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS XI
5.7 URBAN WATER DEMAND 192
5.7.1 URBAN WATER DEMAND ESTIMATION AND FORECASTING 193
5.7.1.1 REGRESSIONANALYSIS 194
5.7.1.2 PARAMETRIE MODELS 195
5.7.1.3 DATA ANALYSIS: FIXED EFFECTS-INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES 197 5.7.1.4
END-USEANALYSIS 197
5.7.1.5 DEMAND MODELS 198
5.8 URBAN WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT FACTORS 199
5.8.1 WATER LOSS REDUCTION 200
5.8.1.1 NRW AND WATER LOSS INDEXES 200
5.8.1.2 REDUCTION OF NRW 203
5.8.2 EDUCATION AND TRAINING 204
5.8.3 ECONOMIC INCENTIVES AND URBAN WATER PRICING 205
5.8.3.1 PRICE ELASTICITY 207
5.8.3.2 WATER DEMAND AND PRICE ELASTICITY 210
5.8.4 INSTITUTIONAL MEASUREMENTS AND EFFEETIVE LEGISLATION 211
5.8.5 WATER REUSE 211
5.8.6 RAINWATER HARVESTING 214
5.8.6.1 THE FEASIBILITY OF AN RRCS 215
5.8.6.2 DESIGN OFAN RRCS 216
5.9 DEMOGRAPHIE CONSIDERATIONS 224
5.10 EVALUATING WATER CONSERVATION 224
5.11 FUTURE DEMAND SUPPLY 225
5.] 1.1 DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 225
5.] 1.2 SUPPLY-SIDE RESOURCES 226
5.] ].3 OVERVIEW OF EVALUATING RESOURCE CORNBINATIONS 227
5.12 CONFLICT ISSUES IN WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT 227
5.13 APPLICATION OF UWDM FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER DEVELOPMENT 232
5.13.] PROVINCIAL ACTION PLAN 232
5.13.2 MUNICIPAL ACTION PLAN 233
5.14 CONCLUDING REMARKS 233
PROBLEMS 234
REFERENEES 237
CHAPTER 6 URBAN WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM 241
6.1 INTRODUCTION 241
6.2 URBAN PLANNING AND STORMWATER DRAINAGE 241
6.2.1 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 242
6.2.1.1 SEDIMENT BASINS 242
6.2.1.2 BIORETENTION SWALES 243
6.2.1.3 BIORETENTION BASINS 244
6.2.1.4 SAND FILTERS 244
6.2.1.5 SWALES AND BUFFER STRIPS 244
6.2.1.6 CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS , 245
6.2.1.7 PONDS AND LAKES 245
6.2.1.8 INFILTRATION SYSTEMS , 245
6.2.1.9 AQUIFER STORAGE AND RECOVERY 246
6.2.1.10 POROUS PAVEMENT , 246
6.3 OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW IN URBAN WATERSHEDS 246
6.3.1 OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW 247
6.3.1.1 OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW CLASSIFICATION 249
IMAGE 6
XII CONTENTS
6.3.1.2 HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW 249
6.3.2 OVERLAND FLOW 251
6.3.2.1 OVERLAND FLOW ON IMPERVIOUS SURFACES 251
6.3.2.2 OVERLAND FLOW ON PERVIOUS SURFACES 255
6.3.3 CHANNEL FLOW 256
6.3.3.1 MUSKINGUM METHOD 256
6.3.3.2 MUSKINGUM-CUNGE METHOD 259
6.4 COMPONENTS OF URBAN STORMWATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 259
6.4.1 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 260
6.4.2 FLOW IN GUTTERS 261
6.4.2.1 SIMPLE TRIANGULAR GUTTERS 261
6.4.2.2 GUTTERS WITH COMPOSITE CROSS SIOPES 263
6.4.2.3 GUTTER HYDRAULIC CAPACITY 265
6.4.2.4 V-SHAPED SEETIONS 265
6.4.3 PAVEMENT DRAINAGE INLETS 265
6.4.3.1 INLET LOCATIONS 267
6.4.4 SURFACE SEWER SYSTEMS 268
6.4.5 OPEN DRAINAGE CHANNEL DESIGN 269
6.4.5.1 DESIGN OF UNLINED CHANNELS 270
6.4.5.2 GRASS-LINED CHANNEL DESIGN 272
6.5 CULVERTS 275
6.5.1 LNLET CONTROL FLOW 277
6.5.2 OUTLET CONTRAL FLOW 279
6.5.2.1 FULL-FLOW CONDITIONS 281
6.5.2.2 PARTLY FULL-FLOW CONDITIONS 282
6.5.3 SIZING OF CULVERTS 282
6.5.4 PROTECTION DOWNSTREAM OF CULVERTS 283
6.6 DESIGN FLOW OF SURFACE DRAINAGE CHANNELS 284
6.6.1 PROBABILISTIC DESCRIPTION OF RAINFALL , 284
6.6. 1.1 RETURN PERIOD AND HYDROLOGIEAL RISK .. , , 284
6.6. 1.2 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS 285
6.6.2 DESIGN RAINFALL 287
6.6.2.1 EXTRAETING DESIGN RAINFALL FROM HISTORIEAL DATA 287 6.6.3 DESIGN
RETURN PERIOD , , 288
6.6.4 DESIGN-STORNI DURATION AND DEPTH 289
6.6.5 SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF DESIGN RAINFALL 289
6.7 STORMWATER STORAGE FACILITIES 289
6.7.1 SIZING OF STORAGE VOLUMES 29]
6.8 RISK ISSUES IN URBAN DRAINAGE 292
6.8.] FLOODING OF URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 292
6.8.2 DO DEPLETION IN STREAMS DUE TO DISCHARGE 01 COMBINED SEWAGE 294
6.8.3 DISCHARGE OF CHEMIEALS 294
6.9 URBAN FLOODS 294
6.9.1 URBAN FLOOD CONTROL PRINCIPLES 295
6.]() SANITATION 295
6.11 WASTCWATCR MANAGEMENT. 295
6.1 1.1 TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 296
6. I 1.2 WERLANDS AS A SOLUTION FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 298
6.11.3 EXAMPLE: CARIBBEAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT 298
6.1 1.4 EXAMPLE: THE LODZ COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEM 299
IMAGE 7
CONTENTS XIII
6.11.4.1 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SEWERAGE SYSTEM 299
6.11.4.2 UPGRADING THE OLD SEWERAGE SYSTEM 299
6.12 STORMNET: STORRNWATER AND WASTEWATER MODELING 300
6.12.1 HYDROLOGY MODELING CAPABILITIES 302
6.12.2 HYDRAULIC MODELING CAPABILITIES 302
6.12.3 DETENTION POND MODELING CAPABILITIES 302
6.12.4 WATER-QUALITY MODELING CAPABILITIES .. . , _ 303
6.12.5 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF STORMNET 303
6.12.6 PROGRAM OUTPUT 303
PROBLEMS 304
REFERENCES 307
CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION , 311
7.1 INTRODUCTION 311
7.2 URBANIZATION EFFEETS ON THE HYDROLOGIE CYCLE , 311
7.3 URBANIZATION IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY 315
7.3.1 WATER POLLUTION SOURCES .. .. , 316
7.3.2 WATER QUALITY MODELING OF URBAN STORMWATER. 3 I9
7.3.2.1 UNIT-AREALOADING 319
7.3.2.2 SIMPLE EMPIRICAL METHOD 320
7.3.2.3 US-EPA METHOD 323
7.3.2.4 COMPUTER-BASED MODELS 325
7.4 PHYSICAL AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION 326
7.5 URBANIZATION IMPACTS ON RIVERS AND LAKES 329
7.6 IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION ON GROUNDWATER 330
7.6.1 UNINTENTIONAL DISCHARGES INTO GROUNDWATER AQUIFERS 33 I 7.6.2
INTENTIONALDISCHARGES INTO GROUNDWATER AQUIFERS 332
7.7 OVERALL STATE OFIMPACTS 333
PROBLEMS , 334
REFERENEES 335
CHAPTER 8 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES _ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 339
8.1 INTRODUCTION 339
8.2 SIMULATION TECHNIQUES , , ,. 339
8.2. I STOCHASTIC SIMULATION 339
8.2.2 STOCHASTIC PROCESSES _ 344
8.2.3 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS 346
8.2.3. I THE MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON NETWORK (STATIC NETWORK) 348
8.2.3.2 TEMPORAL NEURAL NETWORKS 352
8.2.4 MONTE CARLO TECHNIQUE 359
8.3 OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES _ , _ .. 359
8.3.1 LINEAR METHOD 360
8.3.1.1 SIMPLEX METHOD , 364
8.3.2 NONLINEAR METHODS 366
8.3.3 DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING _ _ 366
8.3.4 EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS _ ,. 369
8.3.4.1 GENETIC ALGORITHMS . , ,. 369
8.3.4.2 SIMULATION ANNEALING 372
8.3.5 MULTICRITERIA OPTIMIZATION 373
IMAGE 8
XIV CONTENTS
8.4 FLLZZY SETS AND PARAMETER IMPRECISION 377
8.5 URBAN WATER SYSTEMS ECONOMICS 381
8.5.1 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE ALTERNATIVES 384
8.5.2 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF PROJECTS USING BENEFIT-COST RATIO METHOD
386
8.5.3 ECONOMIC MODELS 387
PROBLENIS 388
REFERENCES 391
CHAPTER 9 URBAN WATER INFRASTRUCTURE 393
9.1 INTRODUCTION 393
9.2 URBAN WATER INFRASTRUCTURES 393
9.2. ] LNFRASTRUCTURE FOR WATER SUPPLY (DAMS AND RESERVOIRS) 393 9.2.2
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 395
9.2.2.1 WATER MAINS 396
9.2.2.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE WATER MAIN SYSTEM 396 9.2.3
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND TREATMENT 400 9.2.3.1 COSTS
OF WASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTURES 40]
9.2.3.2 COST OF STORMWATER INFRASTRUCTURES 40]
9.3 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE URBAN WATER CYC1E AND URBAN J NFRASTRUCTURE
COMPONENTS 402
9.3.1 INTERACTIONS WITH THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM 403
9.3.2 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS 404
9.3.3 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER COLLECTION
SYSTEMS 404
9.3.4 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND WASTEWATER
TREATMENT SYSTEMS 404
9.3.5 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT 405
9.3.6 JNTERACTIONS BETWEEN URBAN WATER INFRASTRUCTURE AND URBAN
TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURES 406
9.4 FINANCING METHODS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 407
9.4.1 TAX-FUNDED SYSTEM 407
9.4.2 SERVICE CHARGE-FUNDED SYSTEM 407
9.4.3 EXACTIONS AND IMPACT FEE-FUNDED SYSTEMS 407
9.4.4 SPECIAL ASSESSMENT DISTRICTS 408
9.5 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN WATER INFRASTRUCTURES 410
9.5.1 SEIECTION OF TECHNOLOGIES 412
9.5.1.] FURTHER DEVEIOPMENT OF LARGE-SCALE CENTRALIZED SYSTEMS 4]2
9.5.1.2 SEPARATION FOR RECYCLING AND REUSE 412
9.5.1.3 NATURAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS 413
9.5.1.4 CORNBINING TREATMENT SYSTEMS 413
9.5.1.5 CHANGING PUBLIC PERSPECTIVES 413
9.5.2 ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF URBAN WATER
INFRASTRUCTURE 413
9.5.3 LIFE CYCLEASSESSMENT. 414
9.5.4 DEVELOPING SM USING A LIFE CYC1EAPPROACH 415
9.6 SJM OF WATER MAINS 416
9.7 PUBLIC BENEFITS FROM SIM IMPROVEMENTS 418
IMAGE 9
CONTENTS XV
9.8 OPPORTUNITIES FOR SIM CAPABILITY IMPROVEMENT 419
9.8.1 MOBILE IN-UNE INSPECTION SYSTEMS 419
9.8.2 MOBILE NONINTRUSIVE INSPEETION (MNLI) SYSTEMS 419
9.8.3 CONTINUOUS INSPECTION DEVIEES 421
9.8.4 INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 421
9.9 CONCLUDING REMARKS 421
PROBLEMS 422
REFERENEES 424
CHAPTER 10 URBAN WATER SYSTEM DYNAMICS AND CONFLIET RESOLUTION 427
10.1 INTRODUCTION 427
10.2 SYSTEM DYNAMICS 428
10.2.1 MODELING DYNAMICS OF A SYSTEM 429
10.2.1.1 DEFINE THE ISSNE/SYSTEM 430
10.2.1.2 TEST OFHYPOTHESES 430
10.2.1.3 DESIGN AND TEST POLICIES 431
10.2.2 TIME PATBS OF A DYNAMIC SYSTEM 431
10.2.2.1 LINEAR FAMILY 431
10.2.2.2 EXPONENTIAL FAMILY _ 432
10.2.2.3 GOAL-SEEKING FAMILY , 432
10.2.2.4 OSEILLATION FAMILY 433
10.2.2.5 S-SHAPED FAMILY 434
10.3 CONFLICT RESOLUTION , 440
10.3.1 CONFLICTRESOLUTION PROCESS 441
10.3.2 A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION 441
]0.3.3 CONFLICT RESOLUTION MODELS 442
10.4 CASE STUDIES 447
10.4.1 CASE 1: CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN URBAN
AREAS __ .. 447
10.4.1.] WATER RESOUREES CHARACTERISTICS IN THE STUDY AREA , 447
10.4.1.2 CONFLICT RESOLUTION MODEL 449
10.4.1.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION , 451
10.4.2 CASE STUDY 2: DEVELOPMENT OF AN OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING MODEL
FOR WATER TRANSFER 452
10.4.2.1 AREA CHARACTERISTICS 452
10.4.2.2 CONFLICT RESOLUTION MODEL FOR LAND RESOURCES ALLOCATION IN EACH
ZONE 453
10.4.2.3 RESULTS OF THE CONFLICT RESOLUTION MODEL 454
10.4.2.4 OPTIMAL GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWAL IN EACH ZONE 455 10.4.2.5 SIZING
CHANNEL CAPACITY 456
10.5 CONELUSION: MAKING TECHNOLOGIES WORK 457
PROBLEMS , , 457
REFERENCES .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. 461
CHAPTER 11 URBAN WATER DISASTER MANAGEMENT 463
11.1 INTRODUCTION 463
11.2 SOURCES AND KINDS OF DISASTERS 464
11.2.1 DROUGHT 464
11.2.2 FLOODS 466
11.2.2.1 PRINCIPLES OF URBAN FLOOD CONTROL MANAGEMENT 467
IMAGE 10
XVI CONTENTS
11.2.3 WIDESPREAD CONTAMINATION 468
11.2.4 SYSTEM FAILURE 469
11.2.5 EARTHQUAKES , 470
11.3 WHAT IS UWDM? 470
11.3.1 POLICY, LEGAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 470
11.4 SOEIETA1 RESPONSIBILITIES 471
11.5 PLANNING PROCESS FOR UWDM 471
11.5.1 TAKING A STRATEGIE APPROACH 471
11.5.2 SCOPE OF THE STRATEGY DECISIONS 472
11.5.3 UWDM AS A COMPONENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE DM 472
11.5.4 PLANNING CYCLE 473
11.6 WATER DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 473
11.6.1 EXPERIENCE ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT 475
11.6.2 INITIATION 476
11.6.2.1 POIITICA1 AND GOVERNMENTAL COMMITMENT 476 11.6.2.2 POLICY
IMPLICATIONS FOR DISASTER PREPAREDNESS 477 11.6.2.3 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
478
11.6.2.4 LESSONS ON COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES ,. 479
11.6.3 CASE STUDY 1: DROUGHT DISASTER MANAGEMENT 479
11.6.4 CASE STUDY 2: DROUGHT MANAGEMENT IN GEORGIA, USA 480 11.6.5 CASE
STUDY 3: MANAGEMENT OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA STORMS AND FLOODS OF JANUARY
1995 480
] 1.6.5.1 F100D CHARACTERISTICS 48]
1] .6.5.2 RESPONSE 48]
11.7 SITUATION ANALYSIS 481
I 1.7.1 STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SITUATION ANALYSIS ,. 482
11.7.1.] APPROACH 482
11.7.1.2 OBJECTIVES ,. 482
11.7.1.3 DATA COLLECTION 482
11.7.2 URBAN DISASTERS SITUATION ANALYSIS 483
11.8 DISASTER INDICES 483
I 1.8.1 RELIABILITY 484
11.8.1.1 RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT 491
1L.8.1.2 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS: LOAD-RESISTANCE CONCEPT 495
11 .8.1 .3 RELIABILITY INDICES , 496
11.8.1.4 DIRECT INTEGRATION METHOD 497
1L.8.1.5 MARGIN OF SAFETY 499
11.8.1.6 MEAN VALUE FIRST-ORDER SECOND MOMENT (MFOSM) METHOD 501
11.8.1.7 AFOSM METHOD : 502
11.8.2 TIME-TO-FAILURE ANALYSIS 502
11.8.2.1 FAILURE AND REPAIR CHARACTERISTICS 502
11.8.2.2 AVAILABILITY AND UNAVAILABI1ITY 502
11.8.3 RESIIIENCY 503
11.8.4 VULNERABILITY 503
I 1.9 UNCERTAINTIES IN URBAN WATER ENGINEERING 504
11.9.1 IMPLICATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAINTY 504
11.9.2 MEASURES OF UNCERTAINTY 505
11.9.3 ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAINTIES 505
IMAGE 11
CONTENTS XVII
11.10 RISK ANALYSIS: COMPOSITE HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRAULIC RISK 507
11.10.1 RISK MANAGEMENT AND VULNERABILITY 508
11.10.2 RISK-BASED DESIGN OFWATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS 509
11.10.3 CREATING INCENTIVES AND CONSTITUENCIES FOR RISK REDUCTION 510
11.11 SYSTEM READINESS 510
11.11.1 EVALUATION OFWDS READINESS 511
I 1.11.2 HYBRID DROUGHT INDEX 518
11.11.3 DISASTER AND SCALE ,. 523
11.1 1.4 DESIGN BY RELIABILITY 523
11.1 1.5 WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY INDICATORS AND METRIES 524
11.11.6 ISSUES OF CONCERN FOR THE PUBLIC ,. 526
11.12 GUIDE1INES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT 526
11.12.1 DISASTER AND TECHNO1OGY 526
I 1.12.2 DISASTER AND TRAINING 527
11.12.3 INSTITUTIONAL ROLES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT 527
11.13 DEVELOPING A PATTERN FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM S READINESS
528
11.13.1 ASSESSMENT OF A DISASTER CAUSED BY WATER SHORTAGE/DROUGHT , 528
11.13.2 ASSESSMENT OF A DISASTER CAUSED BY SYSTEM FAILURE 528 11.13.3
ASSESSMENT OF A DISASTER CAUSED BY WIDESPREAD CONTAMINATION 528
11.13.4 DEVELOPING A COMPREHENSIVE QUALITATIVE/QUANTITATIVE MONITORING
SYSTEM FOR THE WATER SUPPLY, TRANSFER, AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 528
11.13.5 GUIDELINES FOR THE MITIGATION AND COMPENSATORY ACTIVITIES 529
11.13.6 ORGANIZATION AND INSTITUTIONAL CHART OF DECISION MAKERS IN A
DISASTER COMMITTEE 529
11.14 CONC1USION , 532
PROBLEMS 535
REFERENCES 537
CHAPTER 12 CLIMATE CHANGE , 539
12.1 INTRODUCTION 539
12.2 C1IMATE CHANGE PROCESS 539
12.2.1 INCREASING TEMPERATURE 540
12.2.2 VARIATION IN EVAPORATION AND PRECIPITATION 540
12.2.3 SOIL MOISTURE 540
12.2.4 SNOWFALL AND SNOWMELT 541
12.2.5 STORM FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY 541
12.2.6 GROUNDWATER 541
12.2.7 WATERRESOURCESYSTEMEFFECTS 542
12.3 IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON URBAN WATER SUPPLY 542
12.3.1 DIRECT IMPACTS _. _. _. _ 542
12.3.2 INDIRECT IMPACTS 543
12.3.3 COMPOUND IMPACTS 544
12,4 ADAPTATION WITH CLIMATE CHANGE 544
12.4.1 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS 545
12.4.2 INTEGRATED RESOURCE PLANNING . _ _ 545
12.4.3 REDUCING GHG EMISSIONS 547
IMAGE 12
XVIII CONTENTS
J2.5 CLIMATE CHANGE PREDICTION 548
12.5.1 CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS 548
12.5.2 GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS 549
12.5.3 SPATIAJ VARIABILITY 554
12.5.3.J DOWNSCAJING 554
12.5.3.2 REGIONAL MODELS 554
12.5.4 STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING 556
12.6 DOWNSCALING MODELS 559
12.6.1 STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING MODEL 559
12.6.2 LARS-WG MODEL 567
12.7 CASE STUDIES 574
12.7.1 ASSESSMENT OFTHE PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS IN THE
AHARCHAI RIVER BASIN UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS 574
12.7.2 EVALUATION OFURBAN FLOODS CONSIDERING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS 576
12.8 CONCLUSION 578
PROBLEMS 578
REFERENCES , 580
INDEX 583
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Karamouz, Mohammad |
author_GND | (DE-588)1029442169 (DE-588)1029442673 |
author_facet | Karamouz, Mohammad |
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ctrlnum | (OCoLC)699516301 (DE-599)BVBBV036093944 |
dewey-full | 628.1 |
dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
dewey-ones | 628 - Sanitary engineering |
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dewey-sort | 3628.1 |
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discipline | Bauingenieurwesen |
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illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:11:26Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781439813102 |
language | English |
lccn | 2009035201 |
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physical | XXV, 602 S. graph. Darst. |
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spelling | Karamouz, Mohammad Verfasser (DE-588)1029442169 aut Urban water engineering and management Mohammad Karamouz ; Ali Moridi ; Sara Nazif Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC Press 2010 XXV, 602 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Water-supply engineering Municipal water supply Management Water quality management Moridi, Ali Sonstige oth Nazif, Sara Sonstige (DE-588)1029442673 oth OEBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018984492&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Karamouz, Mohammad Urban water engineering and management Water-supply engineering Municipal water supply Management Water quality management |
title | Urban water engineering and management |
title_auth | Urban water engineering and management |
title_exact_search | Urban water engineering and management |
title_full | Urban water engineering and management Mohammad Karamouz ; Ali Moridi ; Sara Nazif |
title_fullStr | Urban water engineering and management Mohammad Karamouz ; Ali Moridi ; Sara Nazif |
title_full_unstemmed | Urban water engineering and management Mohammad Karamouz ; Ali Moridi ; Sara Nazif |
title_short | Urban water engineering and management |
title_sort | urban water engineering and management |
topic | Water-supply engineering Municipal water supply Management Water quality management |
topic_facet | Water-supply engineering Municipal water supply Management Water quality management |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018984492&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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