Josef Borovička: osudy českého historika ve 20. století
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Czech |
Veröffentlicht: |
Praha
Academia
2009
|
Ausgabe: | Vyd. 1. |
Schriftenreihe: | Edice Paměť
25 |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Josef Borovička: a Czech historian in the 20th century |
Beschreibung: | 348 S. |
ISBN: | 9788020015877 |
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650 | 4 | |a Historians |z Czech Republic |v Biography | |
650 | 4 | |a Political persecution |z Czechoslovakia |x History | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804141116873768960 |
---|---|
adam_text | OBSAH
Poznámka a poděkování autora
7
Úvod
9
i. Literatura a prameny
21
ід.
Literatura
21
1.a.
Prameny
22
2.
Životní osudy do roku
1918
32
2.1.
Počátky
32
2.2.
Na univerzitě: Praha -Vídeň
38
2.3.
V zemském archivu
48
2.4.
Za války
57
3.
Léta první republiky
92
3.1.
Vystoupení ze stínu dvouhlavého orla
92
3.2.
Univerzitním učitelem v Bratislavě
106
4.
Poprvé pod koly dějin:
1938-1948
148
4.1.
Soumrak republiky a přechod do Brna
148
4.2.
Okupace
15З
4.3.
Osvobození a demokratický mezičas
157
5.
Podruhé pod koly dějin: léta po únoru
1948
183
5.1.
Prolegomena
183
5,2.
Únorový zlom
187
5.3.
Gottwaldův vězeň
193
б.
Návrat z vězení a podzim života
208
7.
Dílo Josefa Borovičky
-
tři exkurzy
228
7.1.
Úvodní poznámky
228
7.2.
Nevydané a publikované
düo o
otci národa
230
7.3.
TGM
-
bohatá heuristika
versus publikační střídmost
232
7.4.
Dějiny lidstva: francouzská revoluce a Napoleon
235
Závěr
257
Seznam zkratek
270
Seznam zdrojů
273
Prameny
275
Archivní prameny
275
Tištěné prameny
281
Noviny, časopisy a periodické sborníky
284
Pamětníci
284
Literatura
285
Přílohy
311
Textové přílohy
313
1.
Výběrová bibliografie vydaných textů
Josefa Borovičky
313
2.
Výuka Josefa Borovičky
322
3.
Obsah rukopisu Josefa Borovičky
pro
7.
svazek Dějin lidstva
327
Obrazové přílohy
328
Summary
332
Jmenný rejstřík
341
SUMMARY
JIŘÍ
LACH
JOSEF
BOROVIČKA:
A CZECH HISTORIAN
IN THE 20th CENTURY
Czech historiography and archival science belong among
the last century s arts that were not given the privilege to
develop in stable political and social conditions. Ibis book
uses the professional and private life of Czech historian
and archivist Josef
Borovička
(1885-1971)
to demonstrate
the tectonic forces and dynamic times Czech, and, more
broadly, Central European intellectuals had to live through.
Jiří
Lach
has established the text on the solid foundation
of years-long archival research, and he begins his text with
a critical overview of available evidence and literature. Un¬
fortunately, the existing literature continues to suffer from
a number of gaps in several key genres. Thus the author
had to develop his analysis relying overwhelmingly on ar¬
chival evidence.
Josef
Borovička s
life stretched across seven different politi¬
cal regimes. He was born in the late era of
Habsburg
domi¬
nance when the Czech nation sought the fulfillment of its
national ambitions, along with other Slavic subject peoples.
Czech society expanded in all possible directions; beginning
with political organizations, such as clubs and political par-
- 332 -
SUMMARY
ties, it included, critically for
Borovička,
a permanent effort
to enlarge university education in the Czech language. Thus,
the famous Charles University in Prague was divided into
German and Czech sections not long before
Borovička s
birth. Czech universities played a major role in
Borovička s
intellectual upbringing. The university system provided
Borovička
the opportunity to meet important representatives
of historical scholarship, as well as
Tomas
Masaryk,
the fu¬
ture president of an independent, united Czechoslovak state.
Permanent restrictions on university positions for Czechs,
however, resulted in a situation where even a very talented
teachers, fully eligible for university chairs, ended up at sec¬
ondary schools.
Borovička,
for instance, met a number of
teachers at a grammar school in the small town of
Německý
Brod
who became university professors later on.
Borovička
signed up for university studies in
1903.
His
student s record shows interest in languages, philosophy and
pedagogy besides his major specialization in history and ar¬
chival sciences.
Borovička
was one of the last pupils of
Jaro¬
slav
Goü -
the founder of Czech critical historical scholarship,
and he was exposed to Goll s pupils as well. Another link
exists between
Borovička
and previous generations of Goll s
workshop. The principal number of them spent one or two
years at the
Institut
fur
österreichische Geschichtsforschung
- IÖG
in Vienna (Institute for Austrian Historiography). The
school was established as part of the University of Vienna
in
1854
aiming towards the production of highly qualified
specialists in the field of auxiliary historical sciences. The
institute achieved pan-European respect under the wings of
the famous Prussian historian
Theodor von
Sickel
and for
Czech students a term of study in the imperial capital was
a worthy addition to their studies in Prague. Many histori-
- 333 -
JOSEF
BOROVIČKA
ans
who graduated from the
IÖG
later played a prominent
role in Czech and Czechoslovak historiography (Josef Em-
ler, Josef
Susta, Gustav Friedrich,
Karel Stloukal,
etc.). The
strength of
IÖG was
vested not only in auxiliary historical
study but in art history as well, and
Borovička
could have
listened to the lectures of Max
Dvořák.
Dvorak, originally
another of Goll s students, was then an already-established
academician in Vienna famous for his innovatory approach
to art history. But Dvorak symbolized one more phenom¬
enon typical for Vienna: growing German nationalism and
chauvinism.
Borovička
and
Karel Stloukal
felt substantially
different in the Vienna
IÖG
of
1905
than scholars like
Susta
would have felt even ten years earlier when nationalist pres¬
sures were not as strong.
Borovička
had to complete his doctorate in Prague if he
wanted a better career later on. But he was already an intern
in the Czech Land Archive in Prague, working on a disser¬
tation related to the Bohemian ecclesiastic courts in the
pre-Hussite era. The Land Archive would thus be a witness
to
Borovička s
professional growth in the years to come.
The young archivist and historian had met there several
extraordinary colleagues who were a source of advice and
inspired him significantly. Among those was
Kamil
Krofta,
easuy the most essential figure in this stage of
Borovička s
life. Krofta, the Czechoslovak Secretary of State in the late
1930s,
supported
Borovička s
growth in the archive, and he
also stood behind
Borovička s
early career as a universi¬
ty professor. Before his career could begin, though, Josef
Borovička
experienced an important pause on his life s path
from student/scholar to recognized academician. In
1909,
the Czech Land Council gave him a stipend for research
in Spain. At the age of
24,
Borovička
traveled to Simancas.
- 334 -
SUMMARY
While a tiny little town, it was
ťhe
seat of the Spanish royal
archive
—
a treasure trove for the aspiring historian. Archives
in
Simancas
held thousands of essential deeds and acts that
had fundamental meaning for European general history in
the early modern era.
Borovička s
task was to excerpt mate¬
rials related to Czech history
-
a history deeply bound up
with the
Habsburg
court since
1526.
His Spanish journey
and subsequent critical evaluation of the gathered materi¬
als firmly established
Borovička s
significance among Czech
archivists, and linked him with Spanish culture for the rest
of his life. His daughter recollected long after
Borovička s
death that he always thought about his Iberian expedition
with nostalgia as a happy moment of his youth. Material
couected in the Spanish royal archive also served
Borovička
as the basis for
habilitation
(his second doctorate), which he
received in Bratislava in
1925.
Borovička
had been focused
on archival work and gradually climbed, position by posi¬
tion, higher in the hierarchical echelon of the Czech Land
archive. He became known for his theoretical reconsidera¬
tion of archival structures in Czech lands and he promul¬
gated the idea of a central Czech national archive by the end
of the second decade of the 20th century.
The Great War and its consequences brought about the
first significant changes for
Borovička s
generation. The
static life of the late Austrian era was replaced by the hor¬
ror of the first ever World War. The bloody conflict plowed
a furrow of deep change through Czech society. Besides the
loss of several colleagues in the trenches, many Czech intel¬
lectuals, including
Borovička,
came to the conclusion that
the Czech nation could no longer share one political space
with the
Habsburg
royal house.
Borovička
moved towards
Masaryk s envisioned paradigm of Central European poli-
-335 -
JOSEF
BOROVIČKA
tics: a cascade of independent states, all based on Wilsonian
democratic virtue. The post-WWI reality quicldy became
much more complex, but
Borovička
devoted himself entirely
to the idea of building a democratic state and establishing
progressive education in it.
Borovička
entered public serv¬
ice in the newly established Czechoslovak Republic in the
same way many other historians and archivists did. He ac¬
cepted a high position at the ministry for public instruction:
he belonged among the specialists who dealt with Austrian
authorities over separating and redistributing some of the
archival treasures held in Vienna and he also went as an ar¬
chival expert in general. A comprehensive list of
Borovička s
involvements would be much longer, and it would certainly
include one special assignment.
Tomas
Garrigue
Masa¬
ryk
sought young, talented historians who could help him
record the history of his presidency and edit his memoirs
of the GreatWar.
Borovička
turned hours of conversations
with the president into an impressive amount of notes and
he likely planned to write a biography of
Masaryk.
However,
a middle-aged scholar has many activities to distract him,
and the chief quality of time is its quick passing. His posi¬
tion as a university professor was the dominant occupation
of his time now, a focus new in comparison with the pre-1914
era.
Borovička
became an associate professor in Bratislava
in
1925.
Being a university professor meant enjoying high
status in the between-wars Czechoslovak republic and it was
doubtless part of his motivation. Nevertheless,
Borovička
took the position as a service to the new state.
Borovička
fol¬
lowed Masaryk s philosophy, which suggested that both wings
of the Czechoslovak nation
—
a concept shared and deeply
promoted by people like
Edvard Beneš
and
Kamil
Krofta
as well
-
should try to cooperate closely and that Czechs
- 336 -
SUMMARY
were obliged to help Slovaks in all possible ways. Slovak
intellectual resources had been undermined significantly
by Hungarian domination before
1918
and the creation of
a university sector couldn t take place without massive Czech
assistance. The Institute of History at Comenius University
in Bratislava, where
Borovička
taught, was almost completely
a Czech enterprise. The first generation of Slovak lecturers
started to flourish beginning only in the
1930s.
Borovička
combined his teaching position with an archivist s one in
Prague for a while, but he began to focus solely on his uni¬
versity career starting in
1931.
In spite of that, he never re¬
ally considered moving to Bratislava permanently, and he
kept commuting there from Prague like many other Czech
professors at Comenius University.
The general political climate changed throughout the
1930s
as dictatorial regimes kept rising in Europe. Given
the international challenges, the Czechoslovak state could
not survive; but in any case there were multiple domestic
challenges as weU. The late
1930s
brought not only the Mu¬
nich pact, but growing Slovak nationalism and separatism
as well. Thus
Borovička
belonged among the thousands of
Czech employees who had to leave Slovakia in late
1938.
He
found an assignment at the
Masaryk
University in Brno,
a very positive scenario since many highly qualified Czechs
couldn t get a job fitting their profile. However, the profes¬
sorship in Brno was only a temporary placement due to
the Nazi closure of all Czech universities in November
1939.
There is little archival evidence to draw a concise portrait
of Borovicka s life through the Nazi era. Indications of his
involvement in the resistance can t be proven from exist¬
ing archival material. The end of the occupation in
1945
brought about new perspectives and hopes.
Borovička
took
-337 -
JOSEF
BOROVIČKA
a high-ranking position in the archival sector and he re¬
turned to his university chair in Brno too. As the director
of the Archive of the Ministry of Interior he refreshed his
older plan to establish one central national archive, but this
idea would be fulfilled later and without his involvement.
Over sixty years old now, the historian changed his teaching
position again and moved to Prague as the modern history
professor at the newly-founded School of Politics and So¬
cial Studies shortly before the
1948
communist
coup d état.
The cruel wheel of Central European history was about to
turn and crush
Borovička s
life under its hub again. He was
neither pro-regime nor persecuted by the communist dic¬
tatorship immediately after the coup, but he was arrested in
December
1949.
There are two main interpretations of his
prosecution: one suggests that
Borovička s
name was men¬
tioned by some of the dozens of people prosecuted in
Milada
Horáková s
case. The other is an accusation that he was spy¬
ing for Hubert Ripka, a former democratic politician who
fled to exile in
1948.
In any case, he was sentenced to eight
years confinement in
1950
but left the communist prison
on probation only after the frantic
erForts
of his daughter
in
1954.
The loosening of the Stalinist regime in the 1950s
gave
Borovička
some freedom, but he would not be treated
as a normal citizen. He had to engage in a legal battle to get
his full civil rights and confiscated property returned to him.
He lived in miserable social conditions due to the minimal
pension given by the communist system. The rapidly-ag-
ing historian attempted to improve his income by offering
some of his work to the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences,
but there was little interest from this institution, despite
some people there who attempted to help their former col¬
league.
Borovička
remained a private researcher: he sat in
-338-
SUMMARY
Prague libraries frequently, and accumulated documenta¬
tion on his life-long themes, on
Palacký
in particular. The
1968
Prague Spring came too late for
Borovička s
generation
and any possible return to academic life was beset by the
twin horrors of age and disease. Those who did return to
universities after twenty years of ostracism were soon gone
again after the Warsaw Pact invasion that same year. An his¬
torian who had lived through so many turbulent changes
witnessed one more: the early Normalization,
i.e.
a return
to strict single party rule
-
before he passed away in April,
1971
at the age of
86.
Josef
Borovička
belonged among the ranks of scholars
who are relatively reluctant to finalize their research in syn¬
thetic works. However, his work
stül
deserves to be reflected
in the overall tale of Czech historiography. There are three
main foci to
Borovička s
scholarship, besides his early works
on archival theory and history.
František
Palacký,
the great
19th century historian, represents the first one.
Borovička
published several smaller texts on this most famous Czech
of the
19Ü1
century, but he never concluded his impressive
heuristics with a concise biography of
Palacký.
President
Masaryk
represented the second area of
Borovička s
interest.
He collected impressive heaps of notes and published several
articles in Czech as well as in foreign languages, but in the
end he left posterity no comprehensive portrait of
Masaryk.
Clearly, this lack of published work was influenced by the
unfavorable political conditions
Borovička
labored under
for much of his life. Such political turbulence applies aptly
to the third field of interest of
Borovička
the historian. He
wrote an immense text on the French revolution and the
Napoleonic period for a work on the History of Mankind.
The text clearly shows
Borovička s
synthetic
abüities
and
- 339 -
JOSEF
BOROVIČKA
only the repeated upheaval of political regimes prevented
the seventh massive volume of this world history from being
published, one more casualty of the 20th century s tendency
toward grand
mal
political seizures.
Translated by Robert Jameson
-
З40
-
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Lach, Jiří 1971- |
author_GND | (DE-588)138566844 |
author_facet | Lach, Jiří 1971- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Lach, Jiří 1971- |
author_variant | j l jl |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV036068051 |
callnumber-first | D - World History |
callnumber-label | DB2057 |
callnumber-raw | DB2057.B67 |
callnumber-search | DB2057.B67 |
callnumber-sort | DB 42057 B67 |
callnumber-subject | DB - Austria, Liechtenstein, Hungary, Czechoslovakia |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)607524207 (DE-599)BVBBV036068051 |
edition | Vyd. 1. |
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genre | (DE-588)4006432-3 Bibliografie gnd-content (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content |
genre_facet | Bibliografie Biografie |
geographic | Tschechische Republik Tschechoslowakei |
geographic_facet | Tschechische Republik Tschechoslowakei |
id | DE-604.BV036068051 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:10:46Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9788020015877 |
language | Czech |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018959380 |
oclc_num | 607524207 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 |
owner_facet | DE-12 |
physical | 348 S. |
publishDate | 2009 |
publishDateSearch | 2009 |
publishDateSort | 2009 |
publisher | Academia |
record_format | marc |
series | Edice Paměť |
series2 | Edice Paměť |
spelling | Lach, Jiří 1971- Verfasser (DE-588)138566844 aut Josef Borovička osudy českého historika ve 20. století Jiří Lach Vyd. 1. Praha Academia 2009 348 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Edice Paměť 25 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Josef Borovička: a Czech historian in the 20th century Borovička, J <1885-> (Josef) Borovička, Josef 1885-1971 (DE-588)127428143 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Archivists Czech Republic Biography Historians Czech Republic Biography Political persecution Czechoslovakia History Tschechische Republik Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4006432-3 Bibliografie gnd-content (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Borovička, Josef 1885-1971 (DE-588)127428143 p DE-604 Edice Paměť 25 (DE-604)BV022454952 25 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018959380&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018959380&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
spellingShingle | Lach, Jiří 1971- Josef Borovička osudy českého historika ve 20. století Edice Paměť Borovička, J <1885-> (Josef) Borovička, Josef 1885-1971 (DE-588)127428143 gnd Geschichte Archivists Czech Republic Biography Historians Czech Republic Biography Political persecution Czechoslovakia History |
subject_GND | (DE-588)127428143 (DE-588)4006432-3 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
title | Josef Borovička osudy českého historika ve 20. století |
title_auth | Josef Borovička osudy českého historika ve 20. století |
title_exact_search | Josef Borovička osudy českého historika ve 20. století |
title_full | Josef Borovička osudy českého historika ve 20. století Jiří Lach |
title_fullStr | Josef Borovička osudy českého historika ve 20. století Jiří Lach |
title_full_unstemmed | Josef Borovička osudy českého historika ve 20. století Jiří Lach |
title_short | Josef Borovička |
title_sort | josef borovicka osudy ceskeho historika ve 20 stoleti |
title_sub | osudy českého historika ve 20. století |
topic | Borovička, J <1885-> (Josef) Borovička, Josef 1885-1971 (DE-588)127428143 gnd Geschichte Archivists Czech Republic Biography Historians Czech Republic Biography Political persecution Czechoslovakia History |
topic_facet | Borovička, J <1885-> (Josef) Borovička, Josef 1885-1971 Geschichte Archivists Czech Republic Biography Historians Czech Republic Biography Political persecution Czechoslovakia History Tschechische Republik Tschechoslowakei Bibliografie Biografie |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018959380&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018959380&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
volume_link | (DE-604)BV022454952 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lachjiri josefborovickaosudyceskehohistorikave20stoleti |