A marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem: 1945 - 1955
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Hungarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Marosvásárhely
Mentor K.
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. jav. es bőv. kiad. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl., rumän. u. ungar. Sprache u.d.T.: The University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marosvásarhely / Târgu-Mureş (1945-2005) |
| Beschreibung: | 253 S., [16] Bl. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789735993719 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV036059154 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20211020 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 100302s2009 a||| |||| 00||| hun d | ||
| 020 | |a 9789735993719 |9 978-973-599-371-9 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)644016401 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV036059154 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a hun | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Szöllősi, Árpád |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem |b 1945 - 1955 |c Szöllősi Árpád |
| 250 | |a 2. jav. es bőv. kiad. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Marosvásárhely |b Mentor K. |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a 253 S., [16] Bl. |b Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl., rumän. u. ungar. Sprache u.d.T.: The University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marosvásarhely / Târgu-Mureş (1945-2005) | ||
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie din Târgu Mureş |0 (DE-588)6025798-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1945-1995 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1945-2005 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie din Târgu Mureş |0 (DE-588)6025798-2 |D b |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Geschichte 1945-2005 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie din Târgu Mureş |0 (DE-588)6025798-2 |D b |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Geschichte 1945-1995 |A z |
| 689 | 1 | |8 1\p |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018950682&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018950682 | ||
| 883 | 1 | |8 1\p |a cgwrk |d 20201028 |q DE-101 |u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 370.9 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 439 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 370.9 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 498 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804141102091993088 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS
A Marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem
(1945-2005)
E
tanulmány közreadásának célja bemutatni eredeti dokumentumok, kora¬
beli nyilatkozatok, emlékezések és statisztikai adatok alapján azt az utat, amelyet
hat évtizedes működése alatt a MOGYE befutott.
Ismeretes, hogy 1945-ben, a második világháború befejezése után, Erdély
gazdasági és művelődési központjában, Kolozsváron, a nemzetek közötti egyen¬
lőségre és a nemzetiségi jogok kielégítésére való törekvéssel magyar tannyelvű
állami egyetemet alapítottak (Bolyai Tudományegyetem).
Korabeli nyilatkozatok, kijelentések a magyar nyelvű egyetemalapítás in¬
doklásául:
„Tiszteljük a magyar nemzetiségnek azon jogát, hogy legyen nekik is egye¬
temük Kolozsváron, hogy gyermekeik anyanyelvükön tanulhassanak.
(Teofil
Vescan);
„Szép, nagy és világviszonylatban is helyét megálló egyetemet szeretnék
adni a magyaroknak.
(Petru Groza);
„Fontos, hogy Romániában magyar egyetem legyen, mert a magyar népnek
is szüksége van orvosokra, éppen magyar orvosokra van szüksége mondotta J.
Pritt angol képviselő, marosvásárhelyi látogatása során.
A leendő magyar egyetem jövőjét azonban volt aki már akkor bizonytalan¬
nak látta. Márton Áron római katolikus püspök mondotta egy alkalommal a ki¬
nevezett rektornak: „Csögör, kérem, maga azt hiszi, hogy az önálló magyar egye¬
tem sokáig megmarad?
Az 1945-ben alapított Kolozsvári Állami Magyar Tannyelvű Egyetem az
1872-ben alapított
M. Kir.
Ferenc József Tudományegyetem által megkezdett er¬
délyi egyetemi oktatás szellemét kívánta tovább folytatni. A kor adta körülmé¬
nyek
-
a második világháború utáni helyzet
-
úgy hozták, hogy a leendő magyar
egyetem orvosi karát a Székelyföld legnagyobb városába, Marosvásárhelyre kel¬
lett telepíteni, a kolozsvári helyszűke miatt. Az orvosi kar központi épülete és el¬
méleti tanszékeinek otthona a volt katonai hadapródiskola épülete lett. Az épít¬
ményt
1945.
szeptember 7-én vették át a magyar egyetem orvosi kara számára a
Hadügyminisztérium és Nevelésügyi Minisztérium között történt megállapodás
és a Minisztertanács
1945.
augusztus
3-і
ülésén történt határozat alapján. Az át¬
vétel után megkezdődtek az orvosi egyetem számára szükséges átalakítási mun¬
kálatok, és
1946.
február 11-én megkezdődhetett az oktatás a magyar tannyelvű
Bolyai Tudományegyetem Marosvásárhelyre telepített orvosi karán is.
A kötet első részében az orvosi kar Kolozsvárról való elköltözésének útját,
valamint a Marosvásárhelyen megtelepült és megalakult egyetemi kar tudomá-
243
nyos tevékenységének megalapozását tárgyaltuk. Az OGYI története dokumen¬
tumokban című alfejezetben a magyar nyelvű egyetem megalakulásának és mű¬
ködésének körülményeit idéztük a korabeli sajtó alapján.
A főiskola kétnyelvűvé alakításának
(1962)
és a nemzetiségi jelleg meg¬
szüntetése folyamatának bemutatása érdekében a tanszemélyzet és a hallgatóság
nemzetiségi összetételét ismertettük a főiskola virágzásának mondható 1960-as
évben, a kétnyelvű oktatás bevezetésének
5. (1967),
valamint a
25.. (1987)
évé¬
ben. A kétnyelvű oktatás bevezetése után mindjárt nagyszámú román anyanyel¬
vű oktatót küldtek különleges kinevezéssel az intézetbe. Párhuzamosan megkez¬
dődött a román anyanyelvű hallgatók toborzása az ország különböző részeiből a
felvételi vizsgálóra.
1962-1967
között körülbelül
96
román anyanyelvű oktatót
küldtek, akik közül sokan más egyetemek gyengébb színvonalú oktatói közül ke¬
rültek ki. A következő húsz évben
( 1967-1987)
újabb, körülbelül
77
román nyel¬
vű oktató érkezett.
Az oktatószemélyzet felduzzasztása miatt később oktatási problémák jelent¬
keztek a különböző tanszékeken. Mivel a kétnyelvű oktatást a román-magyar ba¬
rátság, testvériség elmélyítésének állították be, ennek elengedhetetlen feltételének
tekintették a román oktatók jövetelét. A tanügyi normák felülvizsgálása alkalmá¬
val azonban rendszerint a magyar oktatók jöttek ki fölöslegesnek
s
ezért időnként
ők maradtak oktatási norma nélkül vagy nyugdíjazták őket. Az intézeti életben
kezdetben minden területen nagy fontosságot tulajdonítottak a „helyes nemze¬
tiségi összetételnek. Miután egy bizonyos idő után (kb.
20
év) a román elem min¬
den területen számbelileg felülkerekedett, már nem hangoztatják a nemzetiségi
összetétel fontosságát. Az egyetem vezetése mellett napjainkban a tanszékek több¬
ségének vezetése is a román anyanyelvű oktatók kezébe került, hasonlóképpen
az adminisztratív vezetés is, a nemzetiségi összetételében megváltozott kisegítő
személyzettel együtt.
Hogy a diktatúra rendszere alatt az OGYI magyar nemzetiségi jellegét meny¬
nyire háttérbe szorították, sorvasztották, bizonyítja az az
1988.
május 26-án meg¬
rendezett tudományos értekezés is
(Realizări ale cercetării ştiinţifice în judeţul
Mureş
/
A
tudományos kutatás megvalósításai Maros megyében)
-
amelyen
loan
Ungur, a RKP
akkori Maros megyei első titkára is részt vett
-
dr. docens Viorel
Gligore kolozsvári egyetemi tanár a marosvásárhelyi OGYI nevesebb orvosi ok¬
tatói és tudományos képviselőit kiemelve (Bancu Gh.
V.
Emilian,
Popoviciu Liviu,
Dudea
Cornel, Deac Radu)
magyar neveket már nem is említ. Ha az 1989-es de¬
cemberi rendszerváltozás előtti, a hallgatóság, az oktatószemélyzet, az intézet ve¬
zetősége, a kisegítőszemélyzet nemzetiségi összetételének adatait vesszük figye¬
lembe, akkor megállapíthatjulc, hogy az OGYI már nem számítható magyar nyelvű
nemzetiségi felsőoktatási intézetnek. Mint magyar oktatási és tudományos intéz¬
ményt elsorvasztották, eredeti jellegét megváltoztatták. A tervszerű politika ered¬
ményeképpen a magyar anyanyelvű hallgatóság és az oktatószemélyzet arány¬
száma
1990
után érte el a mélypontját: a .hallgatóság 11,71%-os (az 1993/94-es
244
tanévben), míg az oktatószemélyzet 28,07%-os arányszámmal (2004/05-ös tan¬
év). A különböző karokon az arányszámok a következők: Általános Orvosi Kar:
26,68%,
Fogorvosi Kar:
25,58%,
Gyógyszerészeti Kar:
40,0%.
A hatalomválto¬
zás utáni egy évtized alatt sem javult a magyar anyanyelvű oktatók arányszáma,
ami a nemzetiségi összetételt illeti. Az 1992/93-as tanévben
30,85%,
a 2004/05-
ös tanévben
28,07%.
Ugyanakkor a román nyelvű oktatók aránya az 1966/67-es
tanévi 30,34%-ról a 2004/05-ös tanévre 70,43%-ra nőtt.
Az 1989-es decemberi rendszerváltoztatás után azt reméltük, hogy a sokjog-
tiprás
-
ami a magyar orvosképzésben a letűnt diktatúra idején bekövetkezett
-
rövidesen jóvátételre kerül, de erre az elmúlt másfél évtizedben sem került sor. Pe¬
dig az említett időszakban az erdélyi magyar érdekvédelmi szervezetek, valamint
a magyar nyelvű oktatásban még résztvevő személyek állandó küzdelmet foly¬
tattak a sérelmek orvoslása érdekében. Sajnos, kevés sikerrel. Amint említettük, az
egyetem vezetőségében és az egyetemi tanácsban a magyar oktatók kisebbség¬
ben vannak. A 2004-es választás alkalmával a
27
oktatót magába foglaló tanács¬
ban csupán
8
a magyar nemzetiségű. Ennek okán,
s
az egyetemi autonómiára való
hivatkozással a helyzet a magyar nyelvű oktatás érdekeinek orvoslásában, fejlesz¬
tésében és megvédésében sokszor nehézségbe ütközik.
Talán az állandó küzdelemnek tudható be, hogy
2003
decemberében az ak¬
kori kormány meghozta az
1342.
számú határozatát, amelyben a 2004/05-ös tan¬
évtől kezdve külön beiskolázási számokat állapítottak meg a MOGYÉ-n a ma¬
gyar nyelven tanulni akaró hallgatók részére. A határozat szerint a jövőben úgy
alakulhatnak a beiskolázási számok, hogy 50-50%-os arányban oszoljanak meg
a magyar és román hallgatók között. Az említett határozat nem jelenti azt, hogy
a MOGYÉ-n magyar tagozat alakult, csupán külön beiskolázási számot adtak a
magyarok számára. A magyar oktatószemélyzet helyzetének javítását hátrányo¬
san érinti az a tény, hogy a gyakorlatok csak román nyelven folynak,
s
ezért az
ezeket vezető oktatók (gyakornok, tanársegéd) kiválasztásánál, toborzásánál har¬
colni kell azért, hogy magyar nemzetiségű is elfoglalhassa a meghirdetett állást.
A 2004/05-ös tanév adatai szerint a magyar anyanyelvű hallgatóság arány¬
száma kezdi megközelíteni a románokét, valamivel több mint 10%-os eltéréssel.
Egyébként, egy felmérésből kiderült, hogy a MOGYE még mindig a legfonto¬
sabb befogadó intézmény a Székelyföld orvosi pályára lépő fiataljai számára (az
említett tanévben
70
személy, illetve az összes magyar nyelvű hallgatók 56,45%-a).
Végül nem mehetünk el amellett az erdélyi magyarság és általában a magyar
társadalom számára hátrányt jelentő tény mellett, hogy a marosvásárhelyi MO¬
GYE végzettjei közül az évek folyamán, de főleg a decemberi fordulat után, kb.
2000
orvos vándorolt ki Erdélyből. Ezek közül kb. 1800-an Magyarországon, a
többiek főleg Nyugat-Európában vagy Amerikában telepedtek le. Ezeknek az or¬
vosoknak a hiányát érezzük sok esetben, altkor, amikor egészségügyi ellátásért fo¬
lyamodunk a kórházi egységekben. Ugyanakkor az eltávozott orvosokkal vesz¬
teség érte az erdélyi magyar értelmiség társadalmát is. Elvárható, hogy a jövőben
245
a MOGYE
oktatószemélyzete olyan orvostársadalmat neveljen, amely nem a je¬
lenlegi divatos külföldre távozással egyengeti a boldogulása útját, hanem a szü¬
lőföldjén marad, és elsősorban az erdélyi magyarság jól képzett orvostársadalmát
f°gJa gyarapítani.
246
REZUMAT
Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie din Tu-Mureş
(1945-2005)
Scopul publicării acestui studiu este prezentarea datelor referitoare la func¬
ţionarea Universităţii de Medicină şi Farmacie din Tg.-Mureş în cursul primelor
şase decenii. Materialul documentar se bazează pe documente originale scrise, pe
date statistice contemporane precum şi pe declaraţii personale.
Este cunoscut faptul că în anul
1945,
după terminarea celui de-al doilea răz¬
boi mondial, la Cluj, centrul economic şi cultural al Ardealului,
s
-а
înfiinţat Uni¬
versitatea
Bolyai,
cu scopul de a asigura dreptul minorităţii maghiare băştinaşe
la o universitate cu limbă de predare maghiară.
în etapa respectivă au circulat declaraţii şi explicaţii, cu care
s
-а
motivat în¬
fiinţarea universităţii de stat cu limba de predare maghiară:
„Să respectăm dreptul minorităţii maghiare, pentru ca şi ei să aibă o univer¬
sitate la Cluj, creînd astfel posibilitatea ca şi copii lor să înveţe în limba lor ma¬
ternă.
(Teofil
Vescan)
„Aş dori să dau maghiarilor o universitate mare şi frumoasă, care să cores¬
pundă şi cerinţelor mondiale. (Petru
Groza)
„Este important ca în România să existe o universitate maghiară pentru că şi
poporal maghiar are nevoie de medici, chiar de medici maghiari are nevoie
-
a
spus printre altele J. Pritt deputat britanic, cu ocazia vizitei la facultatea de me¬
dicină din Tg.-Mureş, în luna mai
1948.
Dar au fost şi alte păreri, mai sceptice, ca
de ex. al
episcopului romano ca¬
tolic
Márton Áron,
care a pus
următoarea întrebare rectorului numit al Universi¬
tăţii: „Domnule
Csőgör,
credeţi
Dvs. ca
universitatea maghiară independentă va
exista timp mai îndelungat?
Universitatea de stat cu limba de predare maghiară din Cluj, înfiinţată în anul
1945
încerca să fie un urmaş demn al spiritului de învăţămînt al universităţilor arde¬
lene fondate în secolele anterioare, recunoscute fiind pe plan european şi chiar mon¬
dial, în speţă al Universităţii Regale Maghiare
Franz Joseph,
fondată în anul
1872.
Condiţiile neprielnice de după război, datorate lipsei de clădiri corespunză¬
toare din Cluj, au determinat mutarea facultăţii de medicină la Tg.-Mureş
-
ora¬
şul cel mai mare al Ţinutului Secuiesc, oraş fondat în evul mediu, cunoscut sub
denumirea de
Novum
Forum Siculorum,
resp.
Zekel
Wásárhel la
începutul seco¬
lului al 14-lea. Astfel la Tg.-Mureş în fosta clădire a şcolii militare
-
în urma unei
decizii luate în şedinţa Consiliului de Miniştri din
3
august
1945 -
s
-а
instalat Fa¬
cultatea de Medicină, mutată de la Cluj, creînd astfel edificiul central al facultă¬
ţii şi sediul disciplinelor teoretice. Clădirea
-
construită în anul
1908 -
a fost
transferată din patrimoniul Ministerului Apărării Naţionale în cel al Ministerului
247
învăţămîntului şi Educaţiei Naţionale în luna septembrie
1945.
După preluarea
clădirii a început activitatea de transformare conform necesităţilor învăţămîntu¬
lui medical şi astfel la data de
11
februarie
1946
au început cursurile la Faculta¬
tea de Medicină a Universităţii
Bolyai,
transferată din Cluj la Tg.-Mureş.
în prima parte a cărţii este tratat drumul parcurs de facultatea de medicină
din Cluj la Tg.-Mureş, precum şi fundamentarea activităţii ştiinţifice a noii fa¬
cultăţi, în subcapitolul
1.3.1.
se tratează circumstanţele înfiinţării şi funcţionării
universităţii de stat cu limba de predare maghiară pe baza presei contemporane.
Pentru a demonstra efectele transformării facultăţii de medicină din Tg.-Mureş
în instituţie bilingvă (în
1962),
precum şi pentru-abrogarea caracterului minori¬
tar maghiar trecem în revistă următoarele: modificarea componenţei naţionale cu
valori cifrice a cadrelor didactice cît şi ai studenţilor în anii:
1960-1967-1987.
După introducerea limbii române, ca limba de predare în planul de învăţă-
mînt
-
fapt pt. care nu
s
-а
emis nici un act oficial!
-
au fost trimişi la IMF cadre
cu limba maternă română provenind din diferitele regiuni ale ţării. Paralel cu aceas¬
tă acţiune a început şi recrutarea candidaţilor cu limba maternă română la exame¬
nele de admitere. între anii
1962-1967
s-au prezentat aprox.
96
cadre didactice
de etnie română, dintre care mulţi au activat în cadrai altor facultăţi de medici¬
nă; de menţionat, că au fost transferaţi şi unele cadre, care nu erau chiar cele mai
bune forţe de muncă.
Creşterea numerică a cadrelor didactice, îndeosebi mai tîrziu, a creat o prob¬
lemă, legată de normele didactice. Regimul comunist a propagat ideea că introdu¬
cerea limbii române ca limbă de predare în învăţămîntul medical adînceşte prie¬
tenia româno-maghiară, frăţia dintre cele două popoare, iar acest lucru se poate
realiza doar prin recrutarea cadrelor didactice/medicale de etnie română. în ur¬
mătorul pas s-au revizuit normele didactice şi
s
-а
constatat că maghiarii nu au nor¬
me întregi, deci se impun reduceri de personal. în urma acestei constatări au fost
pensionaţi mai multe cadre didactice de etnie maghiară. La început a avut o ma¬
re importanţă noţiunea de „componenţa naţională justă în toate domeniile de via¬
ţă a institutului. Dar după ce elementul român a ajuns majoritar, sloganul citat (şi
ferm aplicat) nu a mai fost pomenit de către organele de conducere. în zilele noast¬
re
s
-а
ajuns la situaţia în care nu numai conducerea universităţii, ci şi a discipli¬
nelor/catedrelor a ajuns în mîna cadrelor didactice române. Situaţia este similară
şi pe tărîmul administraţiei şi a cadrelor medii sau al personalului de deservire.
Despre rezultatele politicii dictaturii comuniste
-
care exemplifică în mod
vădit cele expuse mai înainte
-
aş aminti doar un singur exemplu: la simpozio¬
nul ştiinţific (sub genericul: Realizări ale cercetării ştiinţifice în judeţul Mureş),
organizat la
26
mai
1988,
a luat parte şi
loan
Ungur, primul secretar judeţean de
partid. în cadrul lucrărilor simpozionului dr. docent Viorel Gligore, profesor uni¬
versitar din Cluj, vorbind despre cadrele didactice şi oamenii de ştiinţă mai în¬
semnaţi a IMF-ului (Bancu Gh.
V.
Em., Popoviciu Liviu, Dudea Cornel, Deac
Radu) nu a amintit numele nici unui cadru didactic maghiar.
248
Văzînd exemplificările cifrice din studiu,
resp.
evoluţia componenţei naţio¬
nale a studenţilor şi a cadrelor didactice pe ani, se constată foarte uşor, că în pînă
în anul
1989
IMF-ul şi-a pierdut complet caracterul minoritar naţional maghiar
-
pentru care a fost înfiinţat de fapt cu
43
de ani în urmă.
Ca rezultat al politicii bine planificate, raportul studenţilor de naţionalitate
maghiară a ajuns la cifra de
11,71%
în anul universitar
1993/94,
iar al cadrelor
didactice maghiare la cifra de
28,07%
în anul
2004/05.
La nivelul facultăţilor
procentele au fost următoarele: Medicină generală:
26,68%;
Stomatologie:
25,58%;
Farmacie:
40%.
După revoluţia din decembrie
1989
cu toţii am sperat ca nedreptăţile regi¬
mului dictatorial să fie remediate de către noua orînduire democratică, dar cu du¬
rere am constatat deşertăciunea speranţelor. Raportul cadrelor didactice române
a crescut de la procentul de
30,34%
(în anul de studii
1966/67)
la
70,43%
(anul
2004/05). -
Cu toate că în perioada
1990-2005
personalul didactic, mai multe or¬
ganizaţii maghiare de interes public, şi mai multe personalităţi culturale şi poli¬
tice marcante au dus o luptă continuă pentru îmbunătăţirea situaţiei.
Cu pretextul ca autonomia universitară să nu fie periclitată nu se mai acceptă
intervenţii din partea sferei politice. între timp numărul cadrelor maghiare din se¬
natul universităţii
s
-а
redus la
8
(din totalul de
27),
şi în acest fel şansele maghia-
rimii de a lua decizii importante a scăzut şi mai mult. Astfel învăţămmtul medi¬
cal maghiar din Tg.-Mureş practic a fost redus la minim.
Hotărîrea guvernamentală nr.
1342/2003 -
începînd cu anul universitar
2004/05 -
a stabilit ca raportul de şcolarizare a studenţilor maghiari şi români să
fie în proporţie de
50-50%.
Aceasta nu înseamnă înfiinţarea secţiei maghiare la
UMF, ci doar un număr diferenţiat de şcolarizare.
Conform regulilor interne ale universităţii lucrările practice se desfăşoară
numai în limba română. La alegerea cadrelor didactice care conduc această for¬
mă de învăţămînt (preparator, asistent), candidaţii maghiari sunt defavorizaţi.
Printr-o anchetă
s
-а
constatat ca UMF-ul constituie forţa cea mai atractivă pent¬
ru tinerii din Ţinutul Secuiesc, care vor să studieze medicina în limba lor mater¬
nă
(56,45%
din totalul studenţilor de limba maghiară din promoţia anului
2004/05).
în sfîrşit, nu putem trece fără observaţie pe lîngă faptul că mulţi absolvenţi
ai UMF-ului din Tg.-Mureş în cursul anilor trecuţi, dar mai ales după
1989,
au
părăsit ţara. Aceasta înseamnă o pierdere pentru societatea ardelenească, dar şi
pentru intelectualitatea maghiară. După evenimentele din
1989
circa
2000
de me¬
dici au emigrat din ţară, majoritatea
s
-а
stabilit în Ungaria (cea.
1800),
alţii în Eu¬
ropa de Vest sau în America. în multe cazuri simţim lipsa acestor medici, cînd ne
adresăm serviciilor de specialitate din spitale. Ar fi indicat ca în viitor cadrele di¬
dactice ale UMF-ului să facă o educaţie adecvată generaţiei tinere medicale în
spiritul de a opta pentru posturi din ţară şi nu peste hotare, şi să prevină emigra¬
rea devenită o modă în zilele noastre, îmbogăţind astfel numărul intelectualilor
bine pregătiţi de pe meleagurile băştinaşe.
249
SUMMARY
The University of Medicine and Pharmacy of
Marosvásárhely
/
Târgu-Mureş
(1945-2005)
The aim of publishing this study is to present the way of functioning of the
University of Medicine and Pharmacy of
Târgu-Mureş,
during its activity of six
decades by copies of the original documents, declarations of the age, memoirs
and statistic data.
It is known that in
1945,
after the World Wai· II. was ended, there was found¬
ed the state university of Hungarian language
-
Bolyai
University
-
in Cluj-
Napoca
(Kolozsvár),
the economic and cultural center of Transylvania, the en¬
deavour being the equality among nations and satisfying the human rights.
Declarations, affirmations of the age which motivate the founding of the
university of Hungarian language: we respect the right of the Hungarian nation
to have a university in
Cluj-Napoca
(Kolozsvár),
so that their children can learn
on their native tongue ,
Teofil
Vescan.
-
1 would like to give to the Hungarians a nice, big university which is ad¬
mitted worldwide ,
Petru Groza,
-
It is important to exist a Hungarian university in Romania, because the
Hungarian also need doctors, they need especially Hungarian doctors said
J.Pritt English representative during his visit in
Târgu-Mureş
(Marosvásárhely),
However there were even back then people who thought the future of the
Hungarian university to be uncertain. The Roman Catholic bishop
Áron Márton
told on one occasion to the appointed rector:
Mr.Csögör,
you think that the in¬
dependent, Hungarian university will last long.
The State University of Hungarian Language of Cluj-Napoca
(Kolozsvár)
founded in
1945
wanted to continue the spirit of the superior education in Tran¬
sylvania begun by
Ferenc József
Hungarian Royal University. The circumstances
of the era
-
the situation after World War II
-
caused the settlement of the Facul¬
ty of Medicine in
Târgu-Mureş
(Marosvásárhely),
the biggest town of the Szekely-
land, as there wasn t adequate buildings for this in Cluj-Napoca
(Kolozsvár).
The
former building of the Cadet School became the central building of the Faculty
of Medicine and home for its theoretic chairs. This building was overtaken for
the Faculty of Medicine of the Hungarian University in
1945
based on the agree¬
ment between the Ministry of War and the Ministry of Education and on the de¬
cision made on the 3r<* of August
1945
by the Council of Ministers. Following
the overtalcing there began the necessary modifying works and on the 11th of
February
1946
also began the education at the Faculty of Medicine of the
Bolyai
University of Hungarian language which was settled in
Târgu-Mureş
(Maros¬
vásárhely).
250
In the first part of the study there ll be presented the move of the Faculty of
Medicine and the establishment of its scientific activity from Cluj-Napoca
(Kolozsvár).
In the chapters entitled The History of the Institute of Medicine and
Pharmacy in Documents of the work there will be presented the circumstances
of the foundation and functioning of the university of Hungarian language, based
on source-materials of the age.
I will give an introduction to the national composition of the teaching staff
and audience in order to present the process of forming the college into a bilin¬
gual unit
/1962/
and the process of ceasing the national character of it. I will re¬
fer in what the previous theme is concerned to the year
I960
which can be con¬
sidered the blooming year, followed by the years
1967
and
1987
which were the
5tn, respectively the
25™
year of the institute being bilingual. Short after intro¬
ducing the bilingual education, there were sent many professors to the institute
all having special appointments. Paralelly with this took place the recruiting for
the entrance examination of students whose native tongue was Romanian from
different parts of the country. Between
1962-1967
there were sent approximately
96
professors, many of which were teachers of lower level of other universities.
In the next
20
years
/1967-1987/
other
77
teachers came. Because of swelling the
teaching staff, later appeared educational-norm problems on the different chairs.
The bilingual education was considered as method for deepening the Romanian
-
Hungarian friendship, so the coming of Romanian teaching staff was thought
to be an indispensable condition for this. When the educational norms were su¬
pervised, the Hungarian teachers were regularly the ones who proved to be su¬
perfluous, so from time to time they were left without work or they were forced
into retirement. The right composition from national point of view was a very
important issue in the life of the institute. After a while (approximately
20
years)
when the Romanian element became major on each field
-
as it is in the present
as well
-
they didn t stress the importance of it anymore. These days not only the
leadership of the universities, but the leadership of the chairs are in the hands of
Romanian teachers; and the same is the situation with the administrative manage¬
ment and the assistant personnel as well.
The proof of overshadowing, withering the national character of the Insti¬
tute of Medicine and Pharmacy is the scientific discourse from the 26m of May
1988
/The Realizations of the Scientific Research in Mures County/ where par¬
ticipated Mr. loan
Ungur
the head party secretary of Mures county. Lecturer dr.
Viorel Gligore from Cluj-Napoca
(Kolozsvár)
emphasizes only Romanian physi¬
cians among the scientific representatives and doctor professors of the Institute
of Medicine and Pharmacy /Bancu V.
Emilian,
Popoviciu Liviu, Dudea Cornel,
Deac Radu/,
he doesn t even mention Hungarian names. So if we consider the
data of the composition from national point of view of the audience, teaching
staff, leadership of the institute and that of the assistant personnel directly before
the changing of the regime in December
1989,
it can easily be stated that the In-
251
stitute of Medicine and Pharmacy is not a Hungarian Institute of superior educa¬
tion anymore. It was wasted as a Hungarian institute of education and science, its
original character was changed. As a result of the planned policy the academic
year
1933-1994
was the nadir of the proportion of audience and teaching staff as
well,
/11,71%/,
and in the last academic year
(2004-2005)
the Hungarian teach¬
ing staff was present in a rate of
28,07%.
The rates on the different faculties are
the following: Faculty of General Medicine:
26,68%,
Faculty of Dentistry:
25,58%,
Faculty of Pharmacy:
40,00%.
The proportion of the Hungarian teach¬
ing staff didn t really ameliorate in a decade: in
1992-1993
it was
30,85%
while
in the academic year
2004-2005
it was
28,07%.
At the
saine
time the proportion
of the Romanian teachers increased from
30,34%
in the academic year
1966-
1967
to
70,43%
in the academic year
2004-2005
/see pages no.203-204/.
After the changing of the regime in December
1989
we immediately thought
that the numerous infringements of lawful rights
-
which occurred in the insti¬
tute of medicine of Hungarian language during the former dictatorship
-
will be
rectified soon. This didn t happen, not shortly after it, not in the last fifteen years.
However the Hungarian interest-defense organizations of Transylvania and the
people taking part in the Hungarian education struggled hard to remedy the nui¬
sances in the mentioned period, their success not being satisfactory. The reason
for this is the fact that as it was already mentioned in the University Coun¬
cil/Senate/ the Hungarian teachers were in minority. At the elections in
2004
in
the Council consisting of
27
professors
8
of them are of Hungarian nationality
/page no.
244/.
Because of this the situation in defending the interests and de¬
velopment of the Hungarian education and the plea for the academic autonomy
meets many difficulties.
Maybe it can be considered the result of the permanent struggle that in De¬
cember
2003
the present government adopted Decision no.
1342
by which start¬
ing from the academic year
2004-2005
they stated separate places for the stu¬
dents willing to learn in Hungarian. According to this decision the registration
numbers among Hungarian and Romanian students will divide evenly:
50% - 50%.
■
The above mentioned decision does not mean that there was formed a Hungarian
section at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, there are just separate regis¬
tration numbers for the students. It is disadvantageous for the Hungarian teach¬
ing staff that the practice takes place only in Romanian so when they have to
choose the teaching staff for conducting these practical activities
(preparatore,
assistants) they have to struggle so that Hungarian teachers do occupy the an¬
nounced jobs.
According to the data of the academic year
2004-2005,
the number of the
Hungarian audience started to come close to the Romanian one, the gap is a little
bit more than
10%
/page no.
210/,
but the proportion of the Hungarian teaching
staff related to the Romanian staff didn t get better in more than ten years /page
no.
204/.
What s more, it turned out from a survey that the University of Medi-
252
cine and Pharmacy is the most important receptive institution for. the youth of
Szekelyland who choose to become physicians.
/70
people, that is
56,45%
of all
the Hungarian students./
Finally we can t overstep the detrimental fact for Transylvanian Hungarians
and generally for the Hungarian society that during the years, especially after the
revolution in December
1989,
approximately
2000
doctors of the graduates of
the University of Medicine and Pharmacy emigrated from Transylvania. Ap¬
proximately
1
8Θ0
of them settled in Hungary, the others went to other European
countries or to the United States. We miss them in several cases when we seek
medical assistance in the medical units. At the same time, their departure met
with a loss of society of the Hungarian intellectuals of Transylvania. It is ex¬
pectable that the teaching staff of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy
would raise such a doctor s society which will not thrive by the trendy emigra¬
tion, but stays in their homeland and will augment the well instructed doctor s
society of the Transylvanian Hungarians.
253
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Szöllősi, Árpád |
| author_facet | Szöllősi, Árpád |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Szöllősi, Árpád |
| author_variant | á s ás |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036059154 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)644016401 (DE-599)BVBBV036059154 |
| edition | 2. jav. es bőv. kiad. |
| era | Geschichte 1945-1995 gnd Geschichte 1945-2005 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1945-1995 Geschichte 1945-2005 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01948nam a2200457 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV036059154</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20211020 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">100302s2009 a||| |||| 00||| hun d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9789735993719</subfield><subfield code="9">978-973-599-371-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)644016401</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV036059154</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">hun</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Szöllősi, Árpád</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">A marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem</subfield><subfield code="b">1945 - 1955</subfield><subfield code="c">Szöllősi Árpád</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">2. jav. es bőv. kiad.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Marosvásárhely</subfield><subfield code="b">Mentor K.</subfield><subfield code="c">2009</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">253 S., [16] Bl.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zsfassung in engl., rumän. u. ungar. Sprache u.d.T.: The University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marosvásarhely / Târgu-Mureş (1945-2005)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="610" ind1="2" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie din Târgu Mureş</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)6025798-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1945-1995</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1945-2005</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie din Târgu Mureş</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)6025798-2</subfield><subfield code="D">b</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1945-2005</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie din Târgu Mureş</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)6025798-2</subfield><subfield code="D">b</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1945-1995</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018950682&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018950682</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">370.9</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">439</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">370.9</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">498</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV036059154 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:10:32Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789735993719 |
| language | Hungarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018950682 |
| oclc_num | 644016401 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 253 S., [16] Bl. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Mentor K. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Szöllősi, Árpád Verfasser aut A marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem 1945 - 1955 Szöllősi Árpád 2. jav. es bőv. kiad. Marosvásárhely Mentor K. 2009 253 S., [16] Bl. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl., rumän. u. ungar. Sprache u.d.T.: The University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marosvásarhely / Târgu-Mureş (1945-2005) Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie din Târgu Mureş (DE-588)6025798-2 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1945-1995 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1945-2005 gnd rswk-swf Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie din Târgu Mureş (DE-588)6025798-2 b Geschichte 1945-2005 z DE-604 Geschichte 1945-1995 z 1\p DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018950682&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Szöllősi, Árpád A marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem 1945 - 1955 Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie din Târgu Mureş (DE-588)6025798-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)6025798-2 |
| title | A marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem 1945 - 1955 |
| title_auth | A marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem 1945 - 1955 |
| title_exact_search | A marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem 1945 - 1955 |
| title_full | A marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem 1945 - 1955 Szöllősi Árpád |
| title_fullStr | A marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem 1945 - 1955 Szöllősi Árpád |
| title_full_unstemmed | A marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem 1945 - 1955 Szöllősi Árpád |
| title_short | A marosvásárhelyi Orvosi és Gyógyszerészeti Egyetem |
| title_sort | a marosvasarhelyi orvosi es gyogyszereszeti egyetem 1945 1955 |
| title_sub | 1945 - 1955 |
| topic | Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie din Târgu Mureş (DE-588)6025798-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie din Târgu Mureş |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018950682&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT szollosiarpad amarosvasarhelyiorvosiesgyogyszereszetiegyetem19451955 |