Verfügbarkeit: Povijest hrvatskoga jezika

Povijest hrvatskoga jezika: [izdavački projekt: "Povijest hrvatskoga jezika od srednjeg vijeka do XXI. stoljeća"] 1 Srednij vijek

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Weitere Verfasser:	Bičanić, Ante (HerausgeberIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Croatian
Veröffentlicht:	Zagreb Croatica 2009
Ausgabe:	1. izd.
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Register // Personenregister Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	582 S. zahlr. Ill., Notenbeisp.
ISBN:	9789535554011

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	SADRŽAJ PREDGOVOR 7 Josip Bratulić: HRVATSKI JEZIK, HRVATSKA PISMA I HRVATSKA KNJIŽEVNOST - SVJEDOCI IDENTITETA HRVATA 9 Ime i identitet .......................................................................... 9 Vrijeme i prostor ....................................................................... 16 Latinski jezik i latinica u Hrvata ....................................................... 20 Glagoljica u Hrvata ..................................................................... 36 Hrvatska ćirilica ........................................................................ 48 Srednjovjekovna hrvatska književnost .................................................. 52 Zaključak ............................................................................... 56 Literatura ............................................................................... 57 Ranko Matasović: OD PRASLAVENSKOGA DO HRVATSKOGA JEZIKA (glasovi i oblici) .......................................................................... 59 UVOD ................................................................................. 59 POVIJESNA FONOLOGIJA .......................................................... 62 Praslavenski fonološki sustav ........................................................ 62 Fonološki razvitak suglasnika ....................................................... 63 Razvitak samoglasnika u općeslavenskome i hrvatskome jeziku ..................... 66 POVIJESNA MORFOLOGIJA ....................................................... 72 Imenska morfologija ................................................................. 72 Pridjevi .............................................................................. 82 Zamjenice ........................................................................... 86 Glagoli .............................................................................. 91 Nelični (infinitni) glagolski oblici ................................................... 98 Zaključak ............................................................................... 101 Literatura ............................................................................... 103 v Mateo Zagar: HRVATSKA PISMA U SREDNJEM VIJEKU 107 UVOD ................................................................................. 107 Grčko i latinsko pismo prije dolaska Hrvata ......................................... 109 578 LATINICA U HRVATSKOJ SREDNJOVJEKOVNOJ KULTURI ................. 114 Latinica za latinski jezik ............................................................. 114 Osnovni tipovi latinice na hrvatskome prostoru ..................................... 130 Latinica u najstarijim tekstovima hrvatskoga jezika .................................. 138 GLAGOLJICA U HRVATSKOJ SREDNJOVJEKOVNOJ KULTURI .............. 146 Uvod ................................................................................ 146 Osnovno о glagoljici i najstarijim glagoljičnim spomenicima ........................ 148 Hrvatski srednjovjekovni glagoljični spomenici ...................................... 154 ĆIRILICA U HRVATSKOJ SREDNJOVJEKOVNOJ KULTURI ................... 188 Uvod ................................................................................ 188 Osnovno о ćirilici kao slavenskom pismu ............................................ 190 Počeci hrvatske ćirilične pismenosti ................................................. 193 Posebnosti hrvatske ćirilične (bosanične) grafije ..................................... 200 Zaključak ............................................................................... 216 Literatura ............................................................................... 217 Anđela Francie: ONOMASTIČKA SVJEDOČENJA О HRVATSKOME JEZIKU 221 Uvod ................................................................................... 221 Prethrvatska onimija ................................................................... 223 Toponimi - svjedoci romansko-hrvatske simbioze ...................................... 226 Srednjovjekovna, podrijetlom hrvatska toponimija ..................................... 234 Antroponimi - svjedoci romansko-hrvatske jezične i etničke simbioze ................. 238 Srednjovjekovna, podrijetlom hrvatska antroponimija .................................. 245 Razvoj antroponimijske formule ....................................................... 251 Napomene о srednjovjekovnoj onimiji hrvatskoga sjevera .............................. 254 Zaključak ............................................................................... 257 Literatura ............................................................................... 258 Josip Lisac: HRVATSKA NARJEČJA U SREDNJEM VIJEKU 261 Uvod ................................................................................... 261 Tri razdoblja u razvoju dijasistema ...................................................... 262 Prvo razdoblje .......................................................................... 263 Drugo razdoblje - doba izrazite dijalektne diferencijacije ............................... 266 Raspored hrvatskih narječja potkraj srednjeg vijeka .................................... 270 Cakavština .............................................................................. 272 Kajkavština ............................................................................. 273 Zapadna štokavština .................................................................... 273 Novoštokavske inovacije ................................................................ 274 579 Hrvatska narječja u znanstvenoj literaturi .............................................. 276 Zaključak ............................................................................... 279 Literatura ............................................................................... 280 Milan Mihaljević: HRVATSKI CRKVENOSLAVENSKI JEZIK 283 UVOD: PRVI SLAVENSKI KNJIŽEVNI JEZIK .................................... 283 HRVATSKI CRKVENOSLAVENSKI JEZIK ........................................ 290 Periodizacija i spomenici ............................................................ 290 Pismo i fonološki sustav ............................................................. 294 Morfologija .......................................................................... 300 Imenice .......................................................................... 300 Zamjenice ........................................................................ 317 Pridjevi ........................................................................... 327 Glagoli ........................................................................... 329 Sintaksa ............................................................................. 338 Leksik ............................................................................... 344 Literatura ............................................................................... 347 Stjepan Damjanović: STAROSLAVENSKI I STAROHRVATSKI U HRVATSKIM SREDNJOVJEKOVNIM TEKSTOVIMA 351 Uvod ................................................................................... 351 Interferiranje ........................................................................... 352 Korpus tekstova ........................................................................ 354 Samoglasnici ........................................................................... 360 Suglasnici ............................................................................... 370 Imenice ................................................................................. 380 Pridjevi i zamjenice ..................................................................... 383 Glagoli ................................................................................. 387 Kajkavsko naslojavanje .................................................................. 395 Zaključak ............................................................................... 400 Literatura ............................................................................... 401 Boris Kuzmić: JEZIK HRVATSKIH SREDNJOVJEKOVNIH PRAVNIH SPOMENIKA ............................................................. 405 UVOD ................................................................................. 405 FONOLOŠKA RAŠČLAMBA ........................................................ 414 Samoglasnici ........................................................................ 414 Suglasnici ........................................................................... 418 580 MORFOLOŠKA RAŠČLAMBA ...................................................... 422 Imenice .............................................................................. 422 Pridjevi i zamjenice .................................................................. 426 Brojevi .............................................................................. 429 Glagoli .............................................................................. 430 Prilozi ............................................................................... 432 Prijedlozi ............................................................................ 432 Veznici .............................................................................. 432 SINTAKTIČKA RAŠČLAMBA ...................................................... 434 LEKSIČKA I STILISTIČKA RAŠČLAMBA ......................................... 440 Zaključak ............................................................................... 451 Popis izvora ............................................................................ 452 Popis izdanja tiskanih izvora ........................................................... 453 Literatura ............................................................................... 454 Stjepan Damjanović, Boris Kuzmić, Milan Mihaljević, Mateo Zagar: ANTOLOGIJA HRVATSKIH SREDNJOVJEKOVNIH DJELA 457 A. GLAGOLJIČNA DJELA ........................................................... 458 Bašćanska ploča ..................................................................... 458 Bečki listići .......................................................................... 460 Grškovićev odlomak apostola ........................................................ 462 Mihanovićev odlomak apostola ...................................................... 464 Kukuljevićev odlomak misala ....................................................... 466 Vinodolski zakon .................................................................... 468 Istarski razvod ....................................................................... 470 Prvi vrbnički brevijar ................................................................ 472 Krčki (Vrbnički ili Vrbanski) statut ................................................. 474 Misal kneza Novaka ................................................................. 476 Brevijar Vida Omišljanina ........................................................... 478 Pariška pjesmarica ................................................................... 480 Regula sv. Benedikta ................................................................ 482 Ivančićev zbornik .................................................................... 484 Hrvojev misal ....................................................................... 486 Prvi vrbnički misal .................................................................. 488 Drugi vrbnički misal ................................................................ 490 Petrisov zbornik ..................................................................... 492 Misal po zakonu rimskoga dvora .................................................... 494 Kolunićev zbornik .................................................................. 496 Brevijar po zakonu rimskoga dvora .................................................. 498 Baromićev brevijar .................................................................. 500 581 Senjski misal ........................................................................ 502 Drugi novljanski brevijar (list 267ab) ............................................... 504 Drugi novljanski brevijar (list 2670(1) ............................................... 506 Spovid općena ....................................................................... 510 B. ĆIRILIČNA DJELA ................................................................ 512 Povaljski prag ....................................................................... 512 Povelja Kulina bana .................................................................. 514 Povaljska listina ...................................................................... 516 Hvalov zbornik ...................................................................... 520 Poljički statut ........................................................................ 522 С LATINIČNA DJELA ............................................................... 524 Red i zakon (list lr) ................................................................ 524 Red i zakon (list lv) ................................................................ 526 Šibenska molitva (list lr) ............................................................ 528 Šibenska molitva (list lv) ........................................................... 530 Cantilena pro sabatho ............................................................... 532 Zića svetih otaca .................................................................... 534 Prvi vatikanski hrvatski molitvenik .................................................. 536 Akademijin dubrovački molitvenik .................................................. 538 Lekcionář Bernardina Splićanina .................................................... 540 HISTORY OF THE CROATIAN LANGUAGE IN THE MIDDLE AGES (summary) ................................................................................ 543 The Croatian language, scripts and literature - witnesses to Croatian identity ......... 543 From Proto-Slavic to Croatian language ............................................... 546 Croatian scripts in the Middle Ages .................................................... 548 Onomastic evidence of the Croatian language .......................................... 552 Croatian dialects in the Middle Ages ................................................... 554 Croatian Church Slavonic language ..................................................... 556 Old Slavic and Old Croatian in medieval Croatian texts ................................ 558 Language of Croatian medieval legal documents ....................................... 560 KAZALO DJELA....................................................................... 563 KAZALO IMENA ...................................................................... 571 ŽIVOTOPISI AUTORA 576 582 HISTORY OF THE CROATIAN LANGUAGE IN THE MIDDLE AGES (summary) Josip Bratulic The Croatian language, scripts and literature -witnesses to Croatian identity The Croatian language belongs to the family of Slavic languages. This family is considerable in number: Russians, Ukranians, and Belarusians form the eastern part of the Slavic family. The Slavic language system is used by the Polish, Czechs, Slovaks and Lusatian Sorbs, belonging to the West Slavic language group. Slavic languages are also spoken in Southwestern Europe: this is the South Slavic family comprised of Croats, Slovenians, Serbs, Montenegrians, Bosnians, Macedonians and Bulgarians. Just like other European language communities, the Slavic languages are part of a large community of Indoeuropean languages and peoples. Throughout history, the most common names for the Croatian language in addition to hrvatski (Croatian) were ilirski (Illyric) and slovinski (Slavic). The name for the Slavic ethnic community (slovjenski, slovinski, slavinski) is derived from the word sloviti, slovo - which means “to speak, to communicate by language”. The Croatian name appeared long before the Slavic. The name Croatian is to be looked for in the Iranian tradition, where one can find the name Harvat. The Croatian name in the form Khoroathos is read on the Tanais tablets dating from the 2nd and 3rd centuries. Later on there were several Slavic tribes bearing the name Hrvate, Hrovate and the attribute “white”. A legend about three brothers Ceh3 Leh and Meh, who fled Roman revenge in Croatia and founded the Czech, Polish and Russian kingdoms, is deeply rooted (Pulkava’s Chronicle, 1374) and in line with the view that long before these peoples had arrived in their homeland from the south, from Croatia. Place names in many countries bear traces of the Croatian name: Slovakia, Slovenia, Austria and Germany. According to a written legend by the Byzantine emperor Constantine Porphyrogennetos the Croats moved around 640 AD, led by five brothers - Klukas, Lobe-loSy Kosences, Muhlo and Hrvat, and two sisters - Tuga and Buga. They inhabited the area south of the Velebit mountain, around rivers Zrmanja and Cetina to the sea, and to the Duvno valley further inland. From ancient times the people in this area called themselves Hrvati or Arvati (Croats), and were called the same by the neighboring peoples. These were the beginnings of the written history of Croats in their new homeland - Croatia. 543 Not surprisingly, in old testimonies and documents from their new homeland, today s Croatia, Croats were called Slaveni, Slovjene and Hrvuti, Latin Sclavi, Slavi, Horuati. Their princes as well: Dux Hruatorum, Dux Scluvorum. Croats speak three dialects named after the interrogative pronoun: cu - Cakavian, kaj V - Kajkavian, ho - Stokavian. Based on the pronunciation of an old sound called “jat”, Croatian dialects are also divided into Ekavi-an (vreme, belo, dete), Ikavian {prime, bilo, dite) and Ijekavian (prijeme, bijelo, dijete). The Croatian Standard has had a difficult history and has continuously been disputed. Despite the existence of monuments documenting the Croatian language from the 12th century on, despite its rich literature from the Middle Ages to the present, there are still those who deny its individuality, or at least its distinctness from some other languages (Serbian, Montenegrian, Bosnian). Anyone moving through language and recognizing languages is aware that for example Italians speak Italian, the French speak French, the English speak English, Russians speak Russian, etc. Throughout the 20th century a two-part name was imposed on the Croatian language: Croatian or Serbian (brmtski Hi svpski), Croato-Serbian (hvvatsko-srpski), as if there were or as if there had ever been a people called Croato-Serbs or Serbo-Croats. For a short period of time the language in Yugoslavia was officially called Croatian-Serbian-Slovenian (hrvatsko-srpsko-slovenacki). The two-part name of our language resulted from the myth present in some of our intellectuals who sought more securitv for the Croatian nationality in incessant danger of germaniza-tion, hungarization, and italianization, and thus initiated collaboration with Serbs, thinking and hoping to escape the dangers of denationalization. Therefore they accepted the idea that Croats and Serbs are one people and need to have one language and one literature. Language is the strongest attribute of a people. In the oldest records of Old Church Slavonic, the first written language of Slavic peoples, as well as in Croatian the word jezik means both language and people. Language serves both as a means of recognition and identification with everyone speaking a language one easily understands. Thereore, each people has an inalienable right to call its language in the same way it calls its nationality (nation), where it recognizes itself as in its own home. From the 13th century on records of the name Croatian referring to Croatian language are numerous - from the Vinodol Statute (Vinodolski zakonik) to the Istrian Book of Boundaries (Istarski razvod). The language becomes more strongly and more frequently identified with the people that speaks it from the beginning of the 16th century, from Marko Marulic and his contemporaries. The name for the country and people is much older than the stone monuments bearing the names of famous Croatian princes Viseslav, Branimir, Trpimir, and the Croatian king Zvonimir on Bascanska ploca, in Croatian, in Glagolitic script, from ancient history to the present davs. As far as orthographv is concerned, medieval Croatian literature and the entire written culture is threefold: preserved Croatian Glagolitic texts originate from the 11th cen-turv, the Cvrillic ones from the 12th centurv, while the Latin alphabet texts originate from the 14th centurv. Historical documents show 544 that the Glagolitic alphabet was used as early as the 9th century, but the texts have not been preserved. In Croatia the Glagolitic alphabet assumed an angular form and is therefore called angular , whereas the Bulgarian-Mace-donian form is called round Glagolitic . Older philological tradition claimed that Croatian Glagolitic form had developed from the Macedonian-Bulgarian Glagolitic through the transformation of one of the fundamental elements of the Glagolitic alphabet - the circle (eye) - into a rectangle. The Glagolitic portion of the medieval Croatian literature is the most important one: not only is that script used throughout the middle ages, not only are Glagolitic texts the most numerous and the most extensive, but a large number of Cyrillic and Latin texts in Croatian are shown to have been copied from older Glagolitic registers. Historical documents prove the existence of the Glagolitic alphabet in Croatian in the 10th century (decisions of the Split church council from 925, letters by Pope John X to the Croatian king Tomislav and the prince of Zahumlje Mihovil Visevic), even though the first preserved texts originate from the 11th century. Glagolitism first developed in the Dalmatian towns under Byzantine rule and later spread to a large portion of the Croatian ethnic area (Kvarner islands, Istria, Dalmatia, Lika, Krbava, Pokuplje, Pounje). The Cyrillic was used as a Croatian script from the 12th century. The Croatian Cyrillic had different names: bosancica, boscmica poljicica9 arvacko pismo etc. It was used in written texts in many Croatian areas, particularly in Bosnia, in Poljice (hinterland of Split) and in Dubrovnik. The Cyrillic acquired its shape in the 12th and 13th centuries on stone monuments and on other materials used for liturgic and other needs of Bosnian Christians, and for the needs of Bosnian and Croatian diplomacy. From the 15th to the 18th century the script spread widely; the Franciscans in Bosnia used it in manuscripts and printed works. The Cyrillic was also used in private and official communication by members of the renowned Croatian families (Frankapan, Zrinski, Keglevic), in addition to the Glagolitic and Latin scripts. The most important Cyrillic texts are Povaljska listing, Povaljski prog, Poljicki statute as well as many printed works by the Bosnian Franciscans. Croatian Glagolitic priests were also able to read and write in Cyrillic script. Latin script is the oldest script in areas nowadays inhabitated by Croats. It was first used to write Latin. The earliest preserved Croatian texts written in Latin alphabet V originate from the 14th century - Sibenska molitva, Red i zakon; the earlier ones are just sporadic occurrences. Preparing for sermons and other services, priests wrote Croatian words (the so called glosses) on the margins of Latin books. The process that led to the present form of the Croatian version of the Latin alphabet was long and complicated, causing some sounds (c, c, s, z) to be written in as many as twenty different ways, most frequently as double letters. In Primorje the Latin script was influenced by the Italian language, while in northern areas it was influenced by Hungarian. The main advantages of the Latin script compared to the Glagolitic lie in the fact that it was used to write both Latin and Croatian, as well as in the fact that it was used by those who held the real power in Europe. 545 Ranko Matasovic From Proto-Slavic to Croatian language his paper describes the most important changes in sounds and forms from the Proto-Slavic period to the contemporary Croatian standard. The starting point was the dialectally undiversified Proto-Slavic language spoken about 600 A.D.; in the reconstruction of Proto-Slavic and the notation of Proto-Slavic words the conventions developed by Georg Holzer (1995, 1998, 2007) were followed. The development of sounds and forms in Croatian dialects, parti- v cularly in Cakavian and Kajkavian, is not the subject of this article. Among the sound changes that separated Croatian from Proto-Slavic we first distinguish those that occurred in early Common Slavic period, for example change of Proto-Slavic a, a Common Slavic o, a; change of short i, u to yers 6, changes e e and Q y, those that can be ascribed to the West-South-Slavic period, for example liquid metathesis (or, ol ra, la, er, el re, le), fusion of yers into the indefinite vowel sva (t , b b [s]); change y i disappearance of the yer in “weak position”; development of nasal vowels (4 u, as in pqtb put, $ as in p$tb pet). After the West-South-Slavic period most sound changes occurred in Stokavian Croatian dialects, which formed the basis for the development of the standard Croatian during the 14th century. Among these are the changes cr cr, (ctven erven), jt c and jd d (dojti doci, dojdes dodes), the development of sva in the “strong” position such as a {sbn san sari), the change e ije/je (mleko mlijeko) and the change l 0 in final position of syllable (bil bid). Sound changes that occurred after the 14th century are rare, for example the change zr Mr, “the secondary iotation”, the disappearance of the sound x h in most dialects, etc. Croatian grammar preserved the Proto-Slavic declension system rather closely, apart from partial fusion of locative and dative singular and reduction of the plural case system (fusion of dative, locative and instrumental) that was not finalized before the 19th century (reforms by the Croatian Vukovites). The category of dual disappeared during the 15th century, with the preservation of some case endings whose origin is dual in nature (for example dative-locative-instrumental plural - ima in masculine nouns ending in hard consonant). As in other Slavic languages the number of Proto-Slavic declension classes was reduced, as well as the consistency of contrast between palatal and non-palatal stems. Unlike most Slavic languages, Croatian has a well preserved distinction between definite and indefinite adjectives, even though their forms are not distinct in all cases. The systems of personal and demonstrative pronouns have for the most part been preserved from Proto-Slavic, but the declension of pronouns was largely affected by noun declension, particularly in the plural. The Croatian verbal system is characterized by the preservation of the Proto-Slavic aorist and imperfect at 546 least in older literary texts, as well as by the combination of two types of analytic future formation - the Balkan type (with the auxiliary verb htjeti) and the North-Slavic (and Slovene) type with the auxiliary verb biti, which developed into “2nd future” in Croatian. Most types of formation of the Croatian present tense stem as well as the present tense verbal endings have been preserved from Proto-Slavic, with almost complete replacement of the thematic present tense -q Croatian -u (in hocu, mogu) with the athematic -mb Croatian -m (in berem, spavam, vidini). The dual in Croatian verbs disappeared early, before the corresponding change in nouns. As in most Slavic languages Proto-Slavic participles lost their declension and the passive participle disappeared altogether. The supine disappeared from standard language and its function has been taken over by the infinitive, which is well preserved. As was the case with the phonological changes, the grammatical changes were also the most intensive in Stokavian Croatian dialects in the 14th century (for example the replacement of imperfect endings by aorist endings in 1st and 2nd person plural, the introduction of a new ending -â for genitive plural, the disappearance of the consonant dec- V lension, etc. The basic traits of the Stokavian linguistic system were formed at the turn of the 15th century, while Bartol Kasic’s grammar from the beginning of the 17th century set it on a path towards standardization of the Croatian language. 547 V Mateo Zagar Croatian scripts in the Middle Ages survey of all three scripts used among Croats in the Middle Ages is a clear indication of a wide spectrum of the totality of Croatian cultural heritage over eight centuries, and even longer. It has been shown, not only through the above-mentioned threefoldness, but in the complexity of the development of each of the scripts (with all their functional and regional types and subtypes) as well, that Croatian culture is to a large extent polycentric and bicultural (of Latin and Byzantine origins) and that based on this diversity a unique national history, and consequently philology, was constituted. A layered methodological approach was used to show that writing and script are expressions of a more complex social and cultural development, that their development was not uniform in all Croatian regions or in all aspects of written culture, and that different medieval periods are in that sense also diverse. It was considered necessary to point out that the morphology of letters underwent its own independent development, depending on the position of letter in a line, type of writing tool, as well as type of material (stone, parchment, paper), and that writing features should not be viewed as an isolated set of letters changing on their own, but rather through the totality of writing as a cognitive process of sending a linguistic message by means of visual signs (letters) within a concrete framework of a society, scribal school or scriptorium. Special atten- tion was paid to the relationships among scripts, and the comparison of script usage, in particular cases. Our scribes5 and authors5 documented knowledge of all three scripts, unconstrained interlacing of text segments written in different scripts, and introduction of letters from other alphabets is solid proof that the perception of Croatian linguistic expression embodied in the simultaneous existence of the three scripts was unitary. The existence of text layers in terms of content and functionality has confirmed that we are dealing with a culture of nuanced articulation, while a high degree of standardization of all three scripts even before the invention of print and the quality of preparation and illumination of codices prove that written production (both of scribes and authors) reached an enviable level, though varying in different regions and periods. Even though a clear demaracation line towards the Modern period cannot be drawn considering the current cultural models, an agreed point of demarcation is the beginning of 16th century. While the Senj Printing Press and the Rijeka Press by Simun Kozicic Benja continue to be active until 1508 and 1530/1531 respectively and the printing also continues at the Protestant printing press at Urach near Tübingen in the second half of the 16th century, and while both Slavic scripts are still used to write down some valuable works as late as the 19th century, from the beginning of the 16th century the most important texts, 548 mostly those by humanist authorities, are printed in Latin script. With all its limitations, this turn of things seems like a change of eras in the domain of script usage. The overview of the threefoldness of scripts begins at a time before Croats inhabited the area, by the usage of Roman (Latin) and Greek alphabets in (Late)Antiquity - mostly found on stone inscriptions and in important liturgic books (for example Splitski evandelistar - Evangeliarium Spalatense - from the 8th century). The first contact of Croats with literacy was realized in Latin script and was initiated by the acceptance of Christianity (from Frankish Christianization centers). A considerable number of Latin inscriptions from the period of first Croatian rulers (9th and 10th century) has been preserved. A lively Latin tradition in Croatia lasted until the 19th century, together with the Glagolitic, and more or less with the Cyrillic, and from mid 14th century together with the Croatian linguistic expression written in Latin script. Medieval Latin codices are exceptionally beautiful and solemnly decorated, exceeding more modest Glagolitic books. This was not so much a difference in cultural potential, but rather in economic power in the background of both script “poles”. In the overview of the usage of Latin script, attention was paid to all medieval types of the Latin script used in Croatia (the Beneventan script, the Caroline minuscule, the Gothic script...), particularly to the differences in the presentation of special Croatian sounds. Following a consideration of the origin of the Glagolitic script and theories about first contacts of Croats with the Glagolitic tradition, an overview of the oldest Glagolitic monuments (epigraphs) is given, with greater emphasis on the development of the Glagolitic towards its angular form to be standardized in the 13th century. The division of the Croatian Glagolitic literacy into a western and eastern wing disappears by the end of the 12th century, because this period sees the disappearance of the Glagolitic script from the eastern part of the national region. Later evidence of Glagolitic script in Bosnia, for example, is a remnant of some previous times without any indication of an independent development. As of late 12th century the core of Croatian Glagolitism lies in the area west of the Krka-Vrbas river lines, where this segment of the Croatian culture would later reach its climax. The era of Glagolitic codices preserved in their entirety (from the 14th century) corresponds to the prevalence of the angular Glagolitic used for the highest (liturgical) purposes. The same century saw the creation of the semiangular Glagolitic for less solemn occasions, but still in book form (for example for literary texts), while in business books, matrices and private correspondence the cursive Glagolitic script was used. Both functional versions would fully flourish in the Modern Period, from the 15th century on. Due to their dependence on specific features of individual manuscripts (as minuscule), their forms were never fully standardized. The article also deals with typography, mostly because of the specific nature of Glagolitic print, which follows specific graphic rules of this Slavic script through technical complexities (for example in the presentation of ligatures by means of the so called broken technique). Finally, printing of incunabu-las (in Glagolitic and Latin script) marked a full linguistic and writing standardization of Croatian books, even though this came too late for the Glagolitic part. Following the 549 550 great defeat of the Croatian nobility at Kr-bavsko polje in 1493, when one of the regions best represented by Glagolitic literacy was destroyed and captured and the population moved north, south and west, humanistically and Latin oriented circles of Croatian writers in Dalmatian centers gained strength. The Croatian Cyrillic tradition in the Middle Ages extended through areas that are today part of the Republic of Croatia (Middle and South Dalmatia, Dubrovnik; the most western Cyrillic letters, included in the Glagolitic texture, have been noted in Istria - on Supetarski ulomak from the 12th century), but mostly in today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unlike in Dalmatia and Dubrovnik, where the 14th century saw a sudden rise in the usage of Latin script to write Croatian texts, medieval written culture in Bosnia is primarily Cyrillic with its own specific paleographic and linguistic recension - boscmicka. In early 15th century, when a return of the Glagolitic script was attempted by means of Hr- vojev misal, this Slavic script was still known in Bosnia (judging from some Glagolitic inscriptions in Cyrillic codices), but not enough to supress the dominant Cyrillic literacy with the potential of being continuously fed by text authorities from its eastern background (Bulgarian, Serbian, Macedonian literacy). The Croatian Cyrillic was used to write texts of all functional styles - from li-turgic to fictional and legal, on stone as well as parchment. The delayering of the graphic form occured gradually, somewhat later than in the Glagolitic script. The destiny of the Slavic scripts in the Modern Period (from the beginning of the 16th century) became more limited, both in terms of space and type of written texts. Regardless of the long and gradual process of withdrawal, there is no doubt that the medieval destiny of all three historic Croatian scripts (learning, development, interlacing, vanishing) very well reflects the totality of our cultural identity. 551 Andela Francic Onomastic evidence of the Croatian language Carved in stone, written by hand, printed by the printing press - names are genuine witnesses of the time when they were created. From toponyms and anthroponyms found on Croatian territory one can create a mosaic of the history of Croatian people and their language. Evidence of pre-Croatian, romanized and Roman toponymy and its early adaptation to Croatian language can be found all over the coast and the islands of the eastern Adriatic, from Istria (Rasa Arsia, Labin Albona, Plomin Flamona...) to the Dubrovnik coast and islands (Konavle Canabbula, Lastovo La-desta, Gruz Gravosa, Cavtat CbVbtatb civitate...). The north of Croatia lacks ancient Roman name remnants - the choronym Srijem ( Sirmium), the oikonym Sisak ( Siscid), and the hydronym Vuka ( Ulca) are rare examples of Roman names. Anthroponymie sources provide examples of medieval ethnic composition of coastal towns and depict the process of Croato-Roman symbiosis, from the first encounters to complete croatization. Croatization took place in various towns at various rates. For instance, in Zadar’s noble families Croatian names were present in the 10th centurv (-Dobrosa, Dobro), and the number of derivatives that used Croatian suffixes (Petronja, Domaca, Petrisa, Gavze...) grew over time, so by the 12th century, as onomastic evidence shows, Croatian ethnic element took the stage in Zadar. Many historical and linguistic changes are visible from names, i.e. the metathesis of liquids (Scardona Skradin), lat. a 6 (Salona Soling lat. /!/, /u/ /t /, /b/ /a/ (Buccuri BbkbTh Bakar) the creation of nasal vocals /q/ i jqi and their denasalization (Paren-tium Porqcb Povec Basante Bosgtb Bosut) etc. The Croatian medieval period has plenty of evidence for Croatian onomastics in the (Slavic) origin of the source word - Croats establish new settlements that they give na-mes to, such as Ostrovica, Biograd, Sibenik, Vrulja, Ostro0, Rastoka..., they give their names to fields, forests, creeks, peaks, elevations, hills, bays, islets and rocks. Research conducted so far on this part of medieval Croatian onomatic practice shows the existence of a highly developed toponymic system. Formation types for anthroponyms are a heritage of pre-Slavic unity and were found in medieval sources written in all three Croatian scripts: compound names (Viseslav, Trpi-mir, Drzislav, Zvonimir, Dobrovit...), derivatives (_Drziha, Radonja, Bvatohna, Dragota, Prvos...) and non-derived names ( Golob, Vuk, Zee...). Christianization brought saints’ names, adapted to Croatian, into the system of names (Pe-tar., 1van, Andrija, Jakov, Stjepan, August, Je-ronim, Martin, Marta...). In the centuries to come coexistence is present of the traditional Croatian and croatized saints’ names. This can be seen in numerous hybrid derivatives from a 552 full or a shorter basis of a saint’s name and the By inheriting the already existing aloglo- Croatian suffix (i.e. Petresa), in hybrid compo- tic names or by naming people, places and the unds (i.e.Jurislav^ Petrislav), and in two-word extremely indented morphological landscape names (i.e. Petar Kresimir). of plains, mountains, coast and islands, Cro- The need for a firm and constant naming ats are leaving a mark of their own language system in an increasingly complex social struc- and naming system. The picture of Croatian ture can be traced in medieval sources, along history, of the life of Croatian regions and with it one can observe the development of Croatian language that is painted with ono- the anthroponymic formula: from first name, mastic evidence is not yet complete. Further through first-name-plus-adjective, to first- onomastic research should make it more clear name-surname. and precise, more focused and layered. 553 Josip Lisac Croatian dialects in the Middle Ages t the end of the Early Middle Ages Croatian linguistic processes were very slow, then in feudal atomization the linguistic development was boosted, and by the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Era structural development and migration processes brought dialect types closer, levelled them out, or even caused some of them to vanish entirely. Croa- V V tian dialects, Cakavian, Kajkavian and Stoka-vian, bear special genetic features, and what’s v highly important are the Cakavian-Kajkavian isoglosses, especially constructions with numbers two, three and four, the lack of the infix -OV-/-CV- in the plural, and the vocal realization, rather than the reduction of semivowel in the weak form. Surely in the Middle Ages the Croatian language as the organic idiom underwent substantial changes with established varieties and dialects; dialectal varieties, es- v pecially from Cakavian, were reflected in literary works, from Basccmska ploca to Lekcio-nar Bernardina Splicanina. Croatian dialects, which are individual in the sense of genetic linguistics, preserved many of their old features, changed many as well, but guarded their mutual closeness. Marked by isoglosses from the pre-Slavic period, from the South Slavic and the Western South Slavic communitv, the central South Slavic diasystem was formed from five dialects (Kajkavian, Cakavian, West Stokavi-an, East Stokavian, and ProtoTorlak) and was characterized by heterogeneitv. This includes non-unique forms for quid, and many other features as well. The first period in the development of the diasystem lasted by the end of the 12th century, the second period from the end of the 12th century to the end of the 15th century, and the third period started at the end of the 15th century and still lasts today. During the first period many significant changes occurred, more or less in the same way wherever they took place, so this period is usually referred to as the quiet one. The second period was marked by intense development, visible dialect differentiation, and the forming of dialects, some of which still exist today, but a number of them vanished during migrations, be that through blending of several dialects or complete disappearance of dialectal formation. The third period is more or less a stable continuation of previous linguistic processes, but here the migrations of people are put forward, as they often lasted long and bore long-reaching consequences. During the first period the intensely non-homogenous central South Slavic diasystem carried a certain connection of the three Western dialects (Kajkavian, Cakavian and West Stokavian) and an even stronger connection of the two Eastern dialects, East Stokavian and Proto-Torlakian. The three western dialects are idioms of the Croatian population that is characterized bv its Ko/kavian, Cakavian, and Stokavian features, but also with geographical vicinitv to the speeches of the neighboring peoples. At the end of the first period and the 554 beginning of the second a notable difference was very likely to show between the three western dialects with a three-accent system and the two Eastern dialects that lost the acute accent and had only two accents* Even more important are the differences in vocalism which is the most significant feature of the physionomy of certain idioms. It is very important to notice that by the end of the 12th century it was possible that the central South Slavic diasystem would fall apart into two langauges, but this did not happen mostly because of some crucial occurrences in vocalism, especially with the reflex of the back nasal. During the second period the unstable vowels were the closed e and the closed 0, schwa, and the vocalic /; it was what happened to these sounds later on that was important for the formation of dialects in the second period. In consonantism the differences referred to examples such as meja or meda, puscen or pn-sten, morje or more, Cakavians and partly West Stokavians had no phoneme d Croats mostly had sc only Kajkavians had examples such as morje. In medieval morphology the most significant change is the loss of the grammatical category of the dual number, the process that was finished at the beginning of the third period. Since about the 12th or the 13th century the plural extension -ov-/-ev-had entered the Stokavian speech and it was not present in the V Cakavian or the Kajkavian speech. In antiquity the pronominal enclitics came before the verb enclitics, but at the end of the Middle Ages a new series of enclitics can be found that finally came to prevail in the 17th century. Lexical differences among dialects were not numeorus, but were profound. One should mention the great importance of so-called New Stokavian innovations that were brought about in some Croatian varieties even during the Middle Ages, their center being situated in Herzegovina, around the river Neretva. Both phonologi- V _ , cal and morphological New Stokavian innovations increased the percentage of vowels in the language. 555 Milan Mihaljevic Croatian Church Slavonie language The article describes the Croatian variant of the Church Slavonic language. The Croatian recension is different from other recensions of Church Slavonic insofar as it was the only one that preserved the original Glagolitic script. Its second specific feature is confessional separateness. Liturgical texts written in Croatian Church Slavonic belong to the Roman ceremony of the Western Catholic Church, while texts of most other recensions belong to the Eastern Orthodox ceremony. As with all other recensions, the dialect is specific as well, for the recension was written in a dialect that was mixed with Old Church Slavonic. In the case of the Croatian ■ • . v recension it is the Cakavian dialect of Croatian language. Croatian Church Slavonic period is traditionally divided into two sub-periods. The first sub-period includes the 12th and the 13th century, and is called the transitional period. There are no integral codices preserved from that time, only about thirty smaller excerpts of liturgical texts (missals and breviaries), hagiographie and apocryphal texts. The second sub-period, which includes the 14th century, the 15th century, and the first half of the 16th century, is often called the golden period of Croatian Glagolitic scholarship. There are seventeen manuscript and four printed missals preserved from that time, along with thirty manuscript and four printed praver books, three manuscript Psalters, and two manuscript and one printed ceremonial. A large number of fragments was preserved as well. The Glagolitic script was created for the phonological system of Old Church Slavonic which is very different from Croatian Church Slavonic system. Sound changes in Croatian were reflected in Church Slavonic that was in use in Croatia. As a consequence some general Slavic sound oppositions that had been inherent to Old Church Slavonic were neutralized, which made some Glagolitic letters phonologically non-functional. After observing the relationship between the graphemes and their respective sounds, the author sets a standard of 34 Glagolitic letters for Croatian Glagolitic texts. For the transitional period (12th and 13th c.) a vocal system of seven units is assumed: /, £, a, c, #, a, and for the period between the 14th and the 16th century a six unit system is assumed: z, £, e, a, 0, u. The same consonantal system can be assumed for both periods: p, b, £, rf, (/), 5, 2, K /, 2, c, c, r, m, n, n, r, /, /, v, j. The influence of changes in Croatian is clearly visible in morphology as well, but on the whole Old Slavic forms and secondary declination types are well preserved in liturgical texts written in Croatian Church Slavonic. One may also observe the mutual influence of declination types, both the influence of the main tvpes on the secondary tvpes, and vice versa. Pronominal paradigms differ from the ones in canonical Old Church Slavonic usuallv to the extent of the phonological changes present. Confirmations of earlv Croatian forms are extremely rare. The difference between the 556 simple and the complex declination of adjectives is also well preserved. The only systematic exception is the nominative case of the male gender, for the contraction of the cluster iji — i lost the distinction between simple and complex forms. Numbers were usually written only in the letters that presented their respective numeric values. Those rare cases when numbers were fully written show that, in relation to Old Church Slavonic declination, the tendency to level out the declination of numerals with the declination of adjectives advanced. Verbs had also preserved old patterns from Old Church Slavonic, which were most often influenced only by the phonological changes that had occurred in the meantime. The archaic features that are worth mentioning are the well-preserved passive present participle, a fairly large number of confirmations of asygmatic aorist, and the declinability of the active present participle. The dual number, as well as in other types of words, was used as a regular pattern for two persons, things or phenomena. Participial constructions were frequently used. The situation in syntax is more complex than the situation in phonology or morphology because here, apart from the influence of Old Church Slavonic and of Croatian oral language, one should take into account the influence of the language from which the texts or their models were translated. The language in question is mostly Latin, and Greek as well. For example, negation can be separated from the finite verb, which cannot be done in Modern Croatian. There is a substantial number of examples with no negative concord and just one negative morpheme in the sentence. In the 14th and the 15th century it is clear that the genitive case of the negation was gradually replaced by the accusative case (i.e. ne imate videti me, nictoze ne otvecavase etc.), although it can be said that the genitive case of negation is preserved fairly well all the way to the end of the Church Slavonic period. The lexicon of Croatian Glagolitic texts is extremely interesting to Paleoslavic scholars because of its conservative nature and the preservation of numerous old words, most of which were old even in canonic Old Church Slavonic texts, and some have their sole confirmations in Croatian Glagolitic texts. However, the specific innovations that are not present in other recensions make this lexicon interesting for scholars who carry out research on modern Slavic languages, especially Croatian. 557 Stjepan Damjanovic Old Slavic and Old Croatian in medieval Croatian texts w irom the philological point of view me-dieval Croatian texts of special inte-rest are those in which Old Slavic and Old Croatian mix. Each variety’s share differs from text to text, and it might even happen that the blend is different within the same text and may vary from page to page. The share of Old Slavic and Old Croatian features depended on many factors (author’s attitude, the model from which he wrote, the age of the text, the place where the text was written etc.) There are two types of blends. The first type is coexistence, that is the alternating use of Old Slavic and Old Croatian for the same linguistic content. The second type is intersection^ the situation in which Old Slavic and Old Croatian morphemes intersect in the same linguistic expression. The type described mostly appears in fiction. The share of Old Slavic features in medieval Croatian texts was mostly influenced by the following factors: n) age of the text: the older the text, the more Old Slavic features, but the rule has its exceptions, which is understandable considering the influence of other factors, b) age of the model: medieval texts were often transcribed from older matrices or those matrices served as an impetus for creating new texts; if the model offered archaic linguistic features, they would have transferred into the new transcription, c) educational level and attitude of the author: writers and scribes had different knowledge of the linguistic tradition and had different views of what the language of the texts they wrote/transcribed should look like, which means that they had different attitudes towards Old Slavic features. The type of language that is described in this article is most often found in fiction, but the article also shows that this type of language appears in texts of other functional styles as well. Having in mind that medieval Croatian literature was written in three scripts, in Glagolitic, in Cyrillic, and in Latin, it is necessary to emphasize the fact that the aforementioned claim stands for all texts in all scripts because in all of them one can find nearly the same phenomena, and the differences can be linked to the frequency of their ocurrence: in Glagolitic texts Old Slavic features are more frequent than in texts written in Cyrillic or in Latin. Considering the fact that philological claims in this text are exemplified by a limited amount of texts, one should bear in mind that there were many other texts that could have been used for the same type of studv, which would generate the same or similar results. 558 It doesn t hurt to mention that Croatian Glagolitic collections (from the 14th to the 16th century) and the remains of earlier collections (from the 12th to the 14th century) contain larger or smaller excerpts from a whole series of the most popular European literary texts of the time. This shows that Croatian Glagolitic scholars were at that time open to Western European influence and that they were keen and efficient translators. Their efforts in translation made them think about language and decide on which language is appropriate for which types of books: their soultions were often in mixing Old Slavic and Old Croatian linguistic elements because in that way they preserved the link with linguistic tradition and the current linguistic reality. 559 Boris Kuzmic Language of Croatian medieval legal documents he article analyzes the language of the oldest Croatian legal documents in the Middle Ages, created between the 12th and the 15th century. These documents vary in their content - charters, grants, acts, statutes, books of boundaries, verdicts of people’s courts, or royal courts, testaments, numerous rules of various church orders, fraternities and others. The transition from the 11th to the 12th century is marked by two legal documents - Listing slavnoga Dragoslava (1100) and Bascanska ploca (1100). Both texts are grants - in the first one the noble Drago-slav gives land to the church of St. Vitus in Dobrinje, and in the second one the Croatian king Zvonimir gives land to the monastery and the church of St. Lucia in Jurandvor. Texts from the 13th century are analyzed next, the language of DarovnicaJurja Parijezica (1230), in which the church of St. Juraj near Dobrinje acquires land and cattle, then Povaljska listina (1250), the oldest monument of Croatian Cyrillic script from the mid-Dalmatian area, which is a transcript of the chartulary of the Benedictine monastery of St. John in Povlja on the island of Brae, and finally, Vino-dolski zakon (1288), the oldest Croatian legal act. From the 14th century one should mention books of boundaries, i.e. Istarski razvod (1325), Razvodi izmedu Novoga i Ledenica (1309), and Razvodi izmedu Novoga i Bribirct (1309), which state the boundaries between properties of individual persons, or counties, or even of the state itself. The most important acts or statutes of the 14th century are Krcki or Vrbnicki statute Zakon grada Kastva (1400) and Senjski statut (1388). The corpus of the 14th century legal texts also includes those texts that refer to the life of monks in monasteries, i.e. the Glagolitic text of the Papal bull of Pope Gregory XI to the Pauline order (1371), rules of the Benedictine order, and the oldest preserved text in the Roman alphabet on the procedure for women to enter the order of Dominican sisters in Zadar, the so-called Red i zakon (1345). The most significant Croatian old legal document written in Cyrillic script was created in the mid-fifteenth century - Poljicki statute a comprehensive text of legal norms of the free county of Poljica. Numerous charters also date back to the 15th century - two charters from Lika are taken into consideration here, the first one was written in 1433, and the second one in 1469. All texts written by the 16th century, the language of which is analyzed here, have a common Cakavian basis, that is the Cakavian literary stylization that was interweaved with elements of the oldest Slavic literary language during the early stages of its linguistic development. By the end of the 15th century legal texts appear that were written in the other two Croatian dialects, but their full bloom is yet to come after the 15th centurv. Up to that point what mostly appears are those legal acts that do not carrv an important economic or political role - sale contracts, testaments, and 560 so on. Croatian legal and statute texts were V written in the Cakavian dialect by the end of the 15th century - Croats of Kajkavian and V Stokavian dialectal variety mostly wrote such legal texts in Latin, and it was in the Renaissance period that the translations of acts and statutes from Latin and other languages * V into the Stokavian or the Kajkavian dialect of Croatian would take place. The analysis on the phonological level comprises reflex of semivowel, syllabic r and /, jat reflex, reflex after palatals c/z/j vocalic reduction, vocalic contractions, reflexes tz and rfz, scakavism, secondary iotation, second palatalization, consonants h and /, rhotacism, consonant clusters, dissimilation of consonants, assimilation by place of formation, and other changes in vowels and consonants. On the morphological level nominal and adjectival-pronominal declination, conjugation and non-declinable forms are analyzed. On the syntactic level posessivcness is analyzed, then the position of enclitics and negation in sentences, the use of the enclitic/«, the conjunction m, and the pronoun o/Y, genitive without preposition, dative, locative and instrumental, absolute dative, maiesthetic mi, conditional sentences, Old Church Slavonic and Romanic constructions, congruent and syndetic dual and plural. On the lexical and the stylistic level the author studies foreign words, terms, phrases, the influence of oral literature, enumerates examples of dialogue, direct and indirect speech, individualization, contact synonyms and various poetic figures of speech in creating legal texts, mentions individual examples of structural parts of public documents, and writes about the history of research into the style of Croatian legal documents. The language of the oldest Croatian medieval legal documents in the first period of Croatian literary and language diachrony (from the 11th century to the end of the 13th century) was an amalgam of Cakavian and Old Church Slavonic. In the second period of Croatian literary and language diachrony, from the 14th to the 15th century, the Cakavian literary and language idiom is in bloom, free of Old Church Slavonic phonological, morphological and lexical systematic features. Such linguistic structure was carried out in the whole corpus today known as “acta croatica”, which has been and still is the most comprehensive collection of medieval documents, written in the language of the people. 561 KAZALO IMENA A Aleksandar Makedonski, car 55 Aleksandar Veliki, car 12 Anastazija, sveta 22, 111 Anzo, knez 411 Areopagit, Dionizije 46 B Bakmaz, Ivan 184, 499 Bandulavic, Ivan, franjevac 33 Barada, Miho 147 Barakovic, Juraj 52 Barisic, Marin 112 Baromic, Blaz 182, 184, 501, 503, 511 Bedricic, Silvestar 182, 503 Bela, kralj 128 Belie, Aleksandar 74, 79, 91, 97, 276, 362 Belostenec, Ivan 397 Benedikt, sveti 131 Benvin, Anton 51 Bercic, Ivan 48, 203, 207 Bernstein, Samuil Borisovic 368 Bijelic, Niko 210 Birnbaum, Henrik 290 Blaziolovic, Jakov, biskup 511 Boba, Imre 152 Bogdanic, Vidos 210 Bogovic, Petar, pop 406 Boguhval, kronicar 12 Boris, knez 116 Bosnjak, Matej, franjevac 182 Branimir, knez 11, 13, 15, 20, 67, 114-116 Bratulic, Josip 33, 44, 109, 174, 283, 441, 446, 469, 471, 541 Brecko, knez 513, 519 Brozic, Nikola 182, 286 Brozovic, Dalibor 262, 276-279, 415 Budak, Neven 147 Butko, pisar 10, 487 c Cambi, Nenad 112 Carcano, Michael 511 Cejtlin, Ralja M. 345 Comestor, Petar 168 V C Cace, Slobodan 224 Ceh, biskup 116 Cika, opatica 27, 120 Cremosnik, Gregor 200, 210 Crncic, Ivan 405, 406, 459 Crnorizac Hrabar 20, 37, 39, 40, 44, 46, 109 D Damjan iz Milana 145, 541 Damjanovic, Stjepan 91, 146, 174, 178, 283, 289, 293, 300, 317, 336, 362, 376, 395, 406, 415, 421, 439 Demetrije, sveti 111 Desic, Nikola 210 Dimitrije Zvonimir, kralj 8, 27, 116, 459 Disislavic, Novak, knez 171, 477 Disislavic, Petar 171, 477 Divkovic, Matija 74 Dobrovit, opat 459 Domnije, sveti 111 Donat, biskup 22 Drvodilic, Bernardin Splicanin 145, 541 Drziha, opat 8, 459 Dujam, sveti 111 Dukat, Vladoje 378 Durnovo, Nikolaj Nikolajevic 284 571 D Bordic, Petar 203 E Eckhardt, Thorvi 294 Eggers, Martin 152 Egzarh, Ivan 283 Eufrazije, biskup 25 Euzebije, sveti 111 F Fancev, Franjo 355, 360, 362, 537 Ferra, Ludovicus 102 Fila, Prepost 128 Filip, biskup 52, 153, 165 Finka, Bozidar 277, 335 Fleischer, W. 253 Francic, Andela 253 Frankapan, Bartul 410 Frankapan, Ivan 410 Frankapan, Stjepan 410 Frankopan, Bernardin, knez 358 Fucic, Branko 34, 51, 86, 159, 160 G Gabija, Beneto 406 Gallus Anonymus 12 Garanjin, Luka, nadbiskup 213 Georgiev, Emil 190 German, sveti 111 Giannelli, Ciro 32 Glavinic, Franjo 10, 12, 149 Gosic, Nevenka 521 Gottschalk, benediktinac 20 Grabija, Beneto 406 Graciotti, Sante 32 Greblo, Simún, pop 51, 214, 215 Grgec, Petar 27 Grgic, Marijan 119 Grgur XI., papa 409 Grgur, biskup 147 Grskovic, Niko 463 Gutenberg, Johannes 293 H Hadrijan II., papa 46 Hadrovics, László 256, 359, 378, 533 Hamm, Josip 98, 203, 370, 378 Hasisteinski z Lobkovic, Jan 12 Hercigonja, Eduard 107, 116, 146, 163, 170, 247, 293, 327, 330, 354, 357, 362, 374, 378, 379, 390, 392, 395, 431, 436, 440, 443, 446, 447, 449, 451 Herman Dalmatinac 30 Holzer, Georg 62, 544 Horvat, Marijana 416, 426 Hristoforovic, Rusko 210 Hudecek, Lana 293 Hval, krstjanin 49, 203, 521 I Inocent IV., papa 52, 153, 165 Irenej, sveti 111 Ivan VIII., papa 46, 114, 188, 283 Ivan X., papa 114, 147, 290 Ivan, evandelist 27, 40 Ivan, splitski kanonik 201, 408, 519 Ivancic, Stjepan, franjevac 485 Ivic, Pavle 70, 263, 271, 276, 279, 415 Ivsic, Stjepan 48, 273, 276, 277, 374 j Jagic, Vatroslav 12, 31, 48, 149, 362, 446, 459, 527 Jakic-Cestaric, Vesna 238, 239, 243, 244, 252 Jakubinski, Lav 266, 299, 360, 416 Jan iz Holesova, kronicar 12 Jan Panonije 31 Jelena, kraljica 22 Jeronim, sveti 153, 169 Jirecek, Konstantin 238, 244, 251-253 Joncev, Olga 148 Joncev, Vasil 148, 156, 160 Jozefic, Franjo 178 Junkovic, Zvonimir 278, 397, 422 Juraj iz Slavonije (Georges d Esclavonie) 159, 169, 213 Jurcevic, Ivan 329, 330 Jurisic, Nikola 51 572 K Kacic, Duro, knez 51 Karagic, Lujo, franjevac 51 Karaman, Ljubo 116 Karlic, Petar 539 Karlo Veliki, car 17, 133 Karskij, Evfimij Fedorovic 48, 203 Kasic, Bartol 74, 76, 90, 91, 94, 95, 102, 545 Katicic, Radoslav 17, 108, 110, 115, 122, 165, 223, 256, 290, 440, 441 Keber, J. 253 Kirin, pisar 405, 408 Klaic, Nada 147 Klaudije, arhidakon 25 Klement, papa 46 Klenovar, Marija 335 Klimantovic, Simún, franjevac 386 Kliment, sveti 283 Kocelj, knez 116 Kochanowski, J. 12 Kolunic, Broz 358, 497 Konstantin Ciril, sveti 36-44, 46, 147, 148, 190, 191, 283, 284 Konstantin Porfirogenet, car 11, 226 Korvin, Matija 487 Kozicic Benja, Simún, biskup 178, 186, 216, 546 Krajcovic, Rudolf 368 Krbavac, Bartol 304 Krizanic, Levac 407, 471 Krizman, Mate 224, 225 Krsevan, sveti 131 Krusic, Jaketa 210 Kruzic, Petar 51 Krys’ko, Vadim B. 317 Kuhacevic, Matija Antun 395 Kukuljevic, Ivan 357, 358, 467 Kulin, ban 515 Kuna, Herta 286 Kuzmic, Boris 289, 293, 351 Kvirin, biskup 111, 405 L Levnard, vikar 358, 497 Lihi, Upir, pop 37 Lisac, Josip 80 Loncaric, Mijo 96, 100 Ludovik I., kralj 171, 477 Lukezic, Iva 276, 277, 279, 415 Lunt, Horace G. 63 M MacRobert, Catherine Mary 295, 300 Mahnic, Anton, biskup 15 Malic, Dragica 74, 141, 144, 200, 201, 300, 355, 357, 358, 360, 362, 364, 367, 381, 384, 387, 388, 417, 421, 426, 431, 436, 481, 519, 527, 531, 533, 535, 539 Manojlovic, Svetozar N. 276, 277 Mares, Frantisek Vaclav 91, 92, 284 Maretic, Tomo 86, 139, 541 Margitic, Lujo 459 Marko, evandelist 39, 116 Marta, sveta 16 Marti, Ronald 345 Martinac, pop 45, 509 Marulic, Marko 15, 33, 51 Matasovic, Ranko 101, 223 Matijasevic, Robert 226 Mauro, sveti 24 Mavrovic, Juraj, pop 406 Mazuranic, Antun 469 Metod, sveti 10, 36,44,46, 146,147,190, 283,285 Meyer, Karl 266, 299, 360, 416 Mihaljevic, Milan 146, 294, 296, 300, 302, 303, 338, 339, 342, 344, 345 Mihovil Kresimir IL, kralj 22 Mihovil, knez 114, 290 Miklosic, Franc 344 Mikula, pop 407 Milcetic, Ivan 362, 411, 531 Milosevic, Joso 531 Mirdita, Zef 17 Miroslav, knez 51, 202 Mislav, knez 69 Modruski, Nikola 33, 144, 178 Mogus, Milan 143, 276, 277, 278, 293, 364, 421, 423, 503 Morsztyn, H. 12 Moskatelo, K. 51 573 R Moszynski, Leszek 285 Mosin, Vladimir 200 Mule, Ivana 362 Muncimir/Mutimir, lcnez 20, 68 N Nazor, Anica 215, 293, 362, 373, 499, 503, 509, 511 Nikola, biskup hvarski 519 Nikolic, Marin 210 Nikonov, Vladimir Andreevic 253 Novak, Viktor 116, 131, 202 o Oblak, Vatroslav 362 Ostojic, Ivan 483 Oton, biskup 24 P Pantelic, Marija Agnezija 503, 509 Papalic, Dmine 48, 51 Parcic, Dragutin 146, 182, 214 Parijezic, Juraj 406 Parmezan, Divo 210 Paro, Frane 182, 503 Pavao iz Krbave 169, 213 Pavao Sibencanin, franjevac 141, 358, 359, 533 Pavao, sveti 25, 37 Pavic, Armin 483 Pavlovic, Milivoj 276, 277 Pejnovic, Dane 236 Petar Crni, opat 22, 23 Petar, sveti 25 Petris, Josip Antun 357, 493 Petris, Petar 406 Petrovic, Ivanka 290 Popovic, Ivan 19, 276, 277 Premuda, Vinko 535 Pribina, knez 116 Pribojevic, Vinko 10, 12 Prokop, sveti 170 Ptolomej, pisac 10 Pulkava, kronicar 12, 36 Putañee, Valentin 231, 247 Racki, Franjo 459 Radon, opat 116 Radonja, majstor 513 Radtold, Erhard 33 Ramovs, Fran 276 Ranjina, Dinko 77 Ranjina, Niksa 75, 95, 100 Rastislav, knez 116, 283 Raukar, Tomislav 255 Reinhart, Johannes 339, 342, 344 Rendic-Miocevic, Duje 223, 224, 225 Resetar, Milan 88 Rezic, Ksenija 330 Riari, Petar, kardinal 33 Ritig, Svetozar 165 Rogic, Pavle 251 Rosandic, Dragutin 375 Rospond, Stanislaw 253 s Sambunjak, Slavomir 293, 358 Sekeres, Stjepan 255 Silic, Josip 375 Skok, Petar 223, 231, 232, 235, 236, 238, 247, 252, 378 Srebrnic, Josip, biskup 15 Starcevic, Ante 471 Stipcevic, Vesna 341, 342 Stipisic, Jakov 128, 129, 441 Stjepan Drzislav, kralj 8, 22 Stjepan II., kralj 19 Stjepan, knez 411 Strossmayer, Josip Juraj, biskup 15 Superanskaja, Aleksandra VasiFevna 253 Svetoslav, knez 8 V s Sepie, Ante 422, 438 Simic, Marinka 330, 345 Simunovic, Petar 231, 232, 235, 237, 246, 252, 253, 256 Sizgoric, Juraj 33, 178 574 Stefanie, Vjekoslav 147, 290, 294, 357, 446, 459, 489 Subic, Mladen, knez 27, 51 T Tandaric, Josip Leonard 310, 327, 329, 341, 499 Taylor, Isaac 149 Tekavcic, Pavao 226, 229 Tentor, Mate 203 Tkalcic, Ivan 251 Tkadlcik Vojtëch 289 Toma Arhidakon 27, 124, 290 Tomas, senjski arhidakon 38, 489 Tomislav, kralj 114, 290 Toressani, Andrea 182, 501 Trpimir, knez 15, 20, 114, 116 Trubetzkoy, N. S. 284 Truhelka, Ciro 48, 189, 200, 203, 207 Tschernochvostoff, Georg 148 Turcic, Gaspar 182, 503 u Udina, Anton 226 Utisenic, Matijica 411, 445 V Vaclav, sveti 12 Vaillant, André 85 Vajs, Josef 174, 293, 481 Valjavec, Matija 358, 360, 497 Vekenega, opatica 27, 120 Velceva, Borjana 294 Vid Omisljanin 479 Vid, knez 408, 469 Vidulic, Jerolim 178 Vince Marinac, Jasna 306 Viseslav, knez 15, 21, 116 Vnucic, Gaspar 51, 213 Vodaric, Franic 51 Voncina, Josip 143 Vrana, Josip 199 Vrancic, Faust 80 Vukcic Hrvatinic, Hrvoje, vojvoda 10, 49, 173, 203, 521 Z Zelic-Bucan, Benedikta 202, 211 Zlataric, Dominko 74 Zlatovic, Stjepan 48 Zoranic, Petar 52 Zrinjski, Katarina 210 V z Zaskovic, Grgur, pop 407, 475 Zilic, Blaz, pisar 448 Zolobov, Oleg F. 317 575 SADRZAJ PREDGOVOR ............................................................. 7 Josip Bratulic: HRVATSKI JEZIK, HRVATSKA PISMA I HRVATSKA KNJIZEVNOST - SVJEDOCIIDENTITETA HRVATA 9 Ime i identitet........................................................ 9 Vrijeme i prostor..................................................... 16 Latinski jezik i latinica u Hrvata.................................... 20 Glagoljica u Hrvata................................................... 36 Hrvatska cirílica..................................................... 48 Srednjovjekovna hrvatska knjizevnost.................................. 52 Zakljucak............................................................. 56 Literatura............................................................ 57 Ranko Matasovic: OD PRASLAVENSKOGA DO HRVATSKOGA JEZIKA (glasovi i oblici)....................................................... 59 UVOD.................................................................. 59 POVIJESNA FONOLOGIJA.................................................. 62 Praslavenski fonoloski sustav....................................... 62 Fonoloski razvitak suglasnika....................................... 63 Razvitak samoglasnika u opceslavenskome i hrvatskome jeziku......... 66 POVIJESNA MORFOLOGIJA................................................. 72 Imenska morfologija................................................. 72 Pridjevi............................................................ 82 Zamjenice........................................................... 86 Glagoli............................................................. 91 Nelicni (infinitni) glagolski oblici................................ 98 Zakljucak............................................................ 101 Literatura........................................................... 103 v Mateo Zagar: HRVATSKA PISMA U SREDNJEM VIJEKU 107 UVOD................................................................. 107 Grcko i latinsko pismo prije dolaska Hrvata........................ 109 578 LATINICA U HRVATSICOJ SREDNJOVJEKOVNOJ KULTURI ............................. 114 Latinica za latinski jezik................................................ 114 Osnovni tipovi latinice na hrvatskome prostoru............................ 130 Latinica u najstarijim tekstovima hrvatskoga jezika....................... 138 GLAGOLJICA U HRVATSKOJ SREDNJOVJEKOVNOJ KULTURI............................. 146 Uvod...................................................................... 146 Osnovno o glagoljici i najstarijim giagoljicnim spomenicima............... 148 Hrvatski srednjovjekovni glagoljicni spomenici............................ 154 CIRILICA U HRVATSKOJ SREDNJOVJEKOVNOJ KULTURI............................... 188 Uvod...................................................................... 188 Osnovno o cirilici kao slavenskom pismu................................... 190 Poceci hrvatske cirilicne pismenosti...................................... 193 Posebnosti hrvatske cirilicne (bosanicne) grafije......................... 200 Zakljucak................................................................... 216 Literatura.................................................................. 217 Andela Francic: ONOMASTICKA SVJEDOCENJA O HRVATSKOME JEZIKU 221 Uvod........................................................................ 221 Prethrvatska onimija........................................................ 223 Toponimi - svjedoci romansko-hrvatske simbioze.............................. 226 Srednjovjekovna, podrijetlom hrvatska toponimija............................ 234 Antroponimi - svjedoci romansko-hrvatske jezicne i etnicke simbioze......... 238 Srednjovjekovna, podrijetlom hrvatska antroponimija......................... 245 Razvoj antroponimijske formule.............................................. 251 Napomene o srednjovjekovnoj onimiji hrvatskoga sjevera...................... 254 Zakljucak................................................................... 257 Literatura.................................................................. 258 Josip Lisac: HRVATSKA NARJECJA U SREDNJEM VIJEKU 261 Uvod........................................................................ 261 Tri razdoblja u razvoju dijasistema......................................... 262 Prvo razdoblje.............................................................. 263 Drugo razdoblje - doba izrazite dijalektne diferencijacije.................. 266 Raspored hrvatskih narjecja potkraj srednjeg vijeka......................... 270 Cakavstina.................................................................. 272 Kajkavstina................................................................. 273 Zapadna stokavstina......................................................... 273 Novostokavske inovacije..................................................... 274 579 Hrvatska narjecja u znanstvenoj literaturi............................ 276 Zakljucak............................................................. 279 Literatura............................................................ 280 Milán Mihaljevic: HRVATSKI CRICVENOSLAVENSKI JEZIK 283 UVOD: PRVI SLAVENSKI KNJIZEVNI JEZIK.................................. 283 HRVATSKI CRICVENOSLAVENSKI JEZIK...................................... 290 Periodizacija i spomenici........................................... 290 Pismo i fonoloski sustav............................................ 294 Morfologija......................................................... 300 Imenice.......................................................... 300 Zamjenice........................................................ 317 Pridjevi......................................................... 327 Glagoli.......................................................... 329 Sintaksa............................................................ 338 Leksik.............................................................. 344 Literatura............................................................ 347 Stjepan Damjanovic: STAROSLAVENSKII STAROHRVATSKI U HRVATSKIM SREDNJOVJEKOVNIM TEKSTOVIMA 351 Uvod.................................................................. 351 Interferiranje........................................................ 352 Korpus tekstova....................................................... 354 Samoglasnici.......................................................... 360 Suglasnici............................................................ 370 Imenice............................................................... 380 Pridjevi i zamjenice.................................................. 383 Glagoli............................................................... 387 Kajkavsko naslojavanje................................................ 395 Zakljucak............................................................. 400 Literatura............................................................. 401 Boris Kuzmic: JEZIK HRVATSKIH SREDNJOVJEKOVNIH PRAVNIH SPOMENIKA 405 UVOD................................................................... 405 FONOLOSKA RASCLAMBA................................................... 414 Samoglasnici........................................................ 414 Suglasnici.......................................................... 418 580 MORFOLOSKA RASCLAMBA......................................................... 422 Imenice................................................................... 422 Pridjevi i zamjenice...................................................... 426 Brojevi................................................................... 429 Glagoli................................................................... 430 Prilozi................................................................... 432 Prijedlozi................................................................ 432 Veznici................................................................... 432 SINTAKTICKA RASCLAMBA........................................................ 434 LEKSICKAI STILISTICKA RASCLAMBA.............................................. 440 Zakljucak.................................................................... 451 Popis izvora................................................................. 452 Popis izdanja tiskanih izvora................................................ 453 Literatura................................................................... 454 V Stjepan Damjanovic, Boris Kuzmic, Milan Mihaljevic, Mateo Zagar: ANTOLOGIJA HRVATSKIH SREDNJOVJEKOVNIH DJELA 457 A. GLAGOLJICNA DJELA........................................................ 458 Bascanska ploca........................................................... 458 Becki listici............................................................. 460 Grskovicev odlomak apostóla............................................... 462 Mihanovicev odlomak apostóla.............................................. 464 Kukuljevicev odlomak misala............................................... 466 Vinodolski zakon.......................................................... 468 Istarski razvod........................................................... 470 Prvi vrbnicki brevijar.................................................... 472 Krcki (Vrbnicki ili Vrbanski) Statut...................................... 474 Misal kneza Novaka........................................................ 476 Brevijar Vida Omisljanina................................................. 478 Pariska pjesmarica........................................................ 480 Regula sv. Benedikta...................................................... 482 Ivancicev zbornik......................................................... 484 Hrvojev misal............................................................. 486 Prvi vrbnicki misal....................................................... 488 Drugi vrbnicki misal...................................................... 490 Petrisov zbornik.......................................................... 492 Misal po zakonu rimskoga dvora............................................ 494 Kolunicev zbornik......................................................... 496 Brevijar po zakonu rimskoga dvora......................................... 498 Baromicev brevijar........................................................ 500 581 Senjski misal................................................................ Drugi novljanski brevijar (list 267ab) ...................................... 504 Drugi novljanski brevijar (list 267cd) ...................................... 506 Spovid opcena................................................................ 510 B. CIRILICNA DJELA............................................................. 512 Povaljski prag .............................................................. 512 Povelja Kulina bana.......................................................... 514 Povaljska listina............................................................ 516 Hvalov zbornik............................................................... 520 Poljicki statut.............................................................. 522 C. LATINICNA DJELA............................................................. 524 Red i zakon (list lr) ....................................................... 524 Red i zakon (list lv) ....................................................... 526 Sibenska molitva (list lr)................................................... 528 Sibenska molitva (list lv) .................................................. 530 Cantilena pro sabatho........................................................ 532 Zica svetih otaca............................................................ 534 Prvi vatikanski hrvatski molitvenik.......................................... 536 Akademijin dubrovacki molitvenik............................................. 538 Lekcionar Bernardina Splicanina.............................................. 540 HISTORY OF THE CROATIAN LANGUAGE IN THE MIDDLE AGES (summary)......................................................................... 543 The Croatian language, scripts and literature - witnesses to Croatian identity. 543 From Proto-Slavic to Croatian language ........................................ 546 Croatian scripts in the Middle Ages............................................ 548 Onomastic evidence of the Croatian language.................................... 552 Croatian dialects in the Middle Ages........................................... 554 Croatian Church Slavonic language.............................................. 556 Old Slavic and Old Croatian in medieval Croatian texts......................... 558 Language of Croatian medieval legal documents.................................. 560 KAZALO DJELA...................................................................... 563 KAZALO IMENA...................................................................... 571 ZIVOTOPISIAUTORA 576 582
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spelling	Povijest hrvatskoga jezika [izdavački projekt: "Povijest hrvatskoga jezika od srednjeg vijeka do XXI. stoljeća"] 1 Srednij vijek glavni urednik Ante Bičanić 1. izd. Zagreb Croatica 2009 582 S. zahlr. Ill., Notenbeisp. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bičanić, Ante edt (DE-604)BV036055509 1 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018947111&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018947111&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018947111&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018947111&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Povijest hrvatskoga jezika [izdavački projekt: "Povijest hrvatskoga jezika od srednjeg vijeka do XXI. stoljeća"]
title	Povijest hrvatskoga jezika [izdavački projekt: "Povijest hrvatskoga jezika od srednjeg vijeka do XXI. stoljeća"]
title_auth	Povijest hrvatskoga jezika [izdavački projekt: "Povijest hrvatskoga jezika od srednjeg vijeka do XXI. stoljeća"]
title_exact_search	Povijest hrvatskoga jezika [izdavački projekt: "Povijest hrvatskoga jezika od srednjeg vijeka do XXI. stoljeća"]
title_full	Povijest hrvatskoga jezika [izdavački projekt: "Povijest hrvatskoga jezika od srednjeg vijeka do XXI. stoljeća"] 1 Srednij vijek glavni urednik Ante Bičanić
title_fullStr	Povijest hrvatskoga jezika [izdavački projekt: "Povijest hrvatskoga jezika od srednjeg vijeka do XXI. stoljeća"] 1 Srednij vijek glavni urednik Ante Bičanić
title_full_unstemmed	Povijest hrvatskoga jezika [izdavački projekt: "Povijest hrvatskoga jezika od srednjeg vijeka do XXI. stoljeća"] 1 Srednij vijek glavni urednik Ante Bičanić
title_short	Povijest hrvatskoga jezika
title_sort	povijest hrvatskoga jezika izdavacki projekt povijest hrvatskoga jezika od srednjeg vijeka do xxi stoljeca srednij vijek
title_sub	[izdavački projekt: "Povijest hrvatskoga jezika od srednjeg vijeka do XXI. stoljeća"]
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018947111&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018947111&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018947111&sequence=000007&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018947111&sequence=000008&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV036055509
work_keys_str_mv	AT bicanicante povijesthrvatskogajezikaizdavackiprojektpovijesthrvatskogajezikaodsrednjegvijekadoxxistoljeca1

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