Cartea tipărită la Tărgovişte şi Renaşterea românească:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Romanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Târgovişte
Ed. Bibliotheca
2009
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Historia
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl., franz. u. russ. Sprache u.d.T.: The printed book in Târgovişte and the Romanian renaissance |
| Beschreibung: | 262 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789737124920 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text |
Gabriela
Niţulescu
CUPRINS
Precuvântare:
5-7.
Argumentum:
8-13.
I.
Târgovişte
-
centru cărturăresc al renaşterii româneşti:
14-32.
II.
Târgovişte
-
centru tipografic românesc:
33-74.
III. Cartea târgovişteană
-
element determinant al unităţii naţionale
româneşti. Rolul ei în unirea înfăptuită prin tipar:
75-97.
IV.
Cartea
-
instrument în politica religioasă a domnilor târgovişteni:
98-118.
V.
Circulaţia cărţii târgoviştene (secolele XVI
-
XX):
119-168.
Anexe
I.
Localităţi transilvănene menţionate în însemnările de pe cărţile
tipărite la Târgovişte:
169-172.
II.
Preţul transilvănean al cărţilor târgoviştene:
173-174.
III. Comanditari ai cărţilor imprimate la Târgovişte:
175.
IV.
Sponsorii cărţilor tipărite la Târgovişte:
176.
V.
Tipografi care au lucrat în tipografiile târgoviştene:
177.
VI.
Donatori de cărţi în Transilvania:
178.
VII. Posesori de cărţi în Transilvania:
179-181.
Indice bibliografic de colecţii:
182-185.
Indice de nume şi de locuri:
186-222.
Le livre imprime
à
Târgovişte
et la Renaissance roumaine:
223-227.
Напечатанная книга в Тырговиште и румынское
Возраждение:
228-233.
The printed book in
Târgovişte
and the
romanian
Renaissance:
234-240.
Ilustraţii:
241-261.
262
THE PRINTED BOOK IN
TÂRGOVIŞTE
AND THE ROMANIAN RENAISSANCE.
The present paper is an inedited scholarly tribute, sacred to the
completion of those five centuries from the beginning of printing in
Romania, in
1508,
following to the issuing of the first book printed by
Macarie
-
Liturghier (Ritual), the first orthodox writing of this kind
in the world. Unlike other papers, where the book printed in
Târgovişte
was especially depicted in two essential aspects
(identification
/
reasoning of the place where the typography was
installed in
1508;
and the technical introduction of the typography
products as catalogues or collection studies), the present tome shines
through a great originality and a special manner of performance,
representing
-
in a happy synthesis
-
the good relation between
Church and State, between the orthodox culture and the Romanian
culture, as well as the fact that in the Romanians' history, the fruitful
cooperation between the country's political leader (Waivode) and the
spiritual leader (Metropolitan) led to the prodigious transformation
of our civilization and culture paradigm.
For the first time, the printing and publishing phenomenon
from
Târgovişte
is presented in interrelations and connections that
weren't approached till now or too little researched, revealing the
intrinsic relation between the printed book from
Târgovişte
and the
Romanian Renaissance, because the moment of the first book issuing
in the Romanian space
-
in
1508 -
is also the point of beginning for
some deep changes in the national culture and art and for some
openings to cultural horizons and new concepts. By representing
some multiple information, being related and argued through the
book itself that went from
Târgovişte
to diverse places, it is
discovered the beginning of a fully cultural and ideological program,
an unique one in the Southeastern European space, with
repercussions and deep consequences not only for Romanians, or
their neighboring peoples, but also for the all Christian peoples,
234
_
Cartea tipărită la Târgovişte şi Renaşterea românească
_
vassals to the political power of the Ottoman Empire. The history
and the life of the book printed in
Târgovişte
are so punctuated in a
time of Romanian Renaissance and from an especial cultural centre,
its major role being highlighted and being interrelated with the
national, European and Southeastern European space.
The book's main topic
-
that the Romanian Renaissance could
be occurred thanks to the book, the book culture and its promotion
as an optimum way of natural support for our national evolution ~ is
Illustrated by an impressive volume of information mat mainly
reveals three major, definitive directions for
Târgovişte
City, not only
as political capital of Wallachia, but especially as national and
Southeastern European, important and representative cultural centre.
Firstly, for the first time in the specialty literature, the new
mentality and the new concept of the princes reigning at
Târgovişte
are highlighted. During three centuries, in their extensive and complex
cultural policy, these princes have perfectly understood the major role
of the written and printed word, the new significance of this education
and knowledge way, its functions pregnantly reflecting the
humanistic principles applied to the Romanian society. Thus, the
relation between the cultural process initiated by the princes and the
scholars from
Târgovişte
(firstly, through the high-toned schools that
were running here, with Romanian or foreign teachers, well-trained
and well-known ones in the European academic mediums) and the
role of the book printed in the Wallachian capital is revealed by
concepts and ideas that are typical to the Romanians and their history:
the feeling of the Romanians' national unity in a symbiotic relation
with that of the common origin and language; the liberation from the
foreign domination and the rebuilding of the
öld
historical
Dacia
territory; the unity and the origin of the Romanian language and
ancestry (an idea that is present in many studies about the Romanians
and in maps published in Europe).
The feeling of the national unity, which has kept Romanians in
a closely and unique relation, was especially supported and
strengthened through the book printed in
Târgovişte,
through the
ideas that it has disseminated, through its distinct and own circulation
proceedings in the entire national space. From the prince
Radu cel
235
Gabriela
Niţulescu
Mare (Radu
the Great)
-
who founded in
1508,
the first Romanian
typography at
Mănăstirea Dealu
(Hill Monastery), up to the waivode
Constantin Brâncoveanu
-
who understood mat the work of the
Romanianism support should be strengthened by the foundation of
bowers and their endowment with the books so necessary for
Romanians, the princes from
Târgovişte
have constantly supported
the cultural-editorial phenomenon, the books printed in their times
being the product of a new mental concept, a concept submitted to the
changes and opened to the humanistic horizons came from Europe
and on the background of some cultural unchangeable traditions came
from Constantinople of the ancient Byzantium.
The first chapter
-
Târgovişte,
scholarly centre of Romanian
Renaissance, shows the place and the role that the Wallachian
capital had during
1396-1714
as the most important cultural centre,
being the place where the base elements of the Romanian medieval
culture were greatly kneaded through the synthesis between the
western and oriental cultures, with a special particularity and with
achievements that give it priority in Southeastern Europe. It is
especially relevant the role of the waivode Neagoe Basarab, who
raised the culture at a superior level and gave a new sense to the
term of faith (religious faith)
-
in the acceptance of a humanistic
spirit of European origin and some Romanian traditions, came from
long centuries of Christianity, through his architectural and literary
foundations. The ideological program of this prince, with especial
Renaissance openings and on the coordinates of the native tradition
innovation, brings to
Târgovişte,
a unique cultural progress, as well
as the determination of its role in the continuity and the salvation of
the Byzantine imperial idea
-
because the princes from
Târgovişte
were proclaimed followers of the Byzantine emperors, diadohs of the
oriental emperors
-
with prerogatives transmitted to them by
patriarchs of Constantinople and protectors of the Christian peoples,
vassals to the Ottoman Empire, this role being gloriously fulfilled,
especially, through the printing of the books necessary to the
Christian cult, at
Târgovişte.
In the context of the large educational
program of medieval
Târgovişte,
it was emphasized the important
role of the schools from here (with teaching in Romanian language
236
Cartea tipărită la Târgovişte şi Renaşterea românească
and foreign language), as well as the traditions with a high cultural
level for the education of the youth from
Târgovişte,
well-known in
the European mediums for the wide humanistic and linguistic
knowledge and eulogized by the princes, popes, political leaders,
fame scholars. Here, it is revealed the reign of
Petru Cercel,
who
brought at
Târgovişte
the Renaissance spirit in its ideal shape
-
the
architecture and the new look of the Princely Court, the literary court
from here, the new mentality and the new concepts concerning the
education and its role in the people's culture.
Especially in the XVIIth century, during the prince
Matei
Basarab's reign,
Târgovişte
is a significant European cultural centre,
actually the sole of a great importance from the southeastern part of
the continent. Also, the printing and editorial activity from here
perfectly expressed the symbiosis between tradition and the
innovation elements of the modern epoch, the written culture now
having new artistic and conceptual visions where the major role had
the advanced conception about the role of teaching, generally
education, with the access of some social increasingly larger
categories. The presence and the activity of some humanistic scholars
of European class allowed the translation, the printing and the
spread of some theological, philosophical, legal or literary writings,
kept today in libraries and collections from Europe, the Orient, the
countries of the Slavonic culture sphere, etc.
The last period of the cultural effervescence of
Târgovişte
is the
reign of
Constantin Brâncoveanu
(1688-1714),
when one can speak
about a Renaissance conversely created and illustrated in architecture,
sculpture, embroidery, painting, thumbnail art, decorative art,
printings. The
prodigai
cultural activity from
Târgovişte,
started since
1508
and continued on new and modem coordinates, finds now
strong echoes in the south Danube world or in that of the Christian
peoples vassals to the political authorities of the Ottoman Empire, a
world being after
1453
under the patronage and the authority of the
Basarabi
princes, residents in
Târgovişte,
which
-
through
beneficences and aids given by the Romanian princes to the Orthodox
Church
-
could live in the sea of the Islam religion.
237
Gabriela
Niţulescu
In
the chapter two
-
Târgovişte,
Romanian printing centre,
the printing and editorial activity for years
1508-1715
(and
1756,
with
bibliographic determination) is pursued, those
37
titles here
appeared being presented through typical indexes: the printing year
and place; the general partner; the payer of the printing expenses; the
translator; the printers; the authors of forewords; the ornamental
elements; the number of copies identified today; the actual
storehouses with kept copies (inclusively references to great libraries
from
Târgovişte
in medieval period. For the first time, such
informational synthesis is made on the book printed in
Târgovişte,
with the almost complete exhaustion of the all biographical and field
sources and with connections from the field of diplomatics, heraldry,
thumbnail art, cartography, humanistic writings, etc., bringing new
and absolutely necessary specifications about the actual patrimony
kept in country and abroad.
The next chapter
-
The Renaissance book printed in
Târgovişte:
its role in the Romanian medieval culture evolution,
determinative element in the union accomplished through print,
meets for the first time information concerning the policy of cultural
opening initiated by the waivodes from
Târgovişte,
the policy of the
all Romanians union and the supporting of the national unity idea, a
policy promoted in the
ХУ1Љ-ХУ11Љ
centuries and in the first quarter
of the XVIIIth century, primarily through print. It is revealed that the
book, having the role of political tool dressed in cultural form,
becomes a mean of State Authority support
-
through the church
institution and the laicization of the cultural process
-
by multiplying
the beneficiaries of written and printed word, painted the new
coordinates of humanistic type, foreshadowed at the beginning of the
XVIth century and settled by the typographical productions from the
Χνΐ*-ΧνΠΛ
centuries.
On the conceptual level, the impulse given by the first books
printed in
Târgovişte
generates an intense typographical activity in
the whole national space, being influenced by the productions from
Târgovişte
and being in a close relation with them. The Romanian
provinces being under the temporary foreign domination and being
temporarily separated by the formal political boundaries are
238
_
Cartea tipărită la Târgovişte şi Renaşterea românească
_
inhabited by the same people, they claim the same common origin
and recognize it in a perfect union through print, a unique union and
typical to the Romanians, only. A union illustrated in this tome by
the value and the content of the books printed in
Târgovişte,
their
influence on the artistic and editorial process, taking the heraldic and
miniature, the double orders printed in the Waliachian capital, the
efforts made for the purchase of the books, the conducted politicy of
the book spread
-
promoted at institutional or private level.
Especially, the importance and the role of the legal book are
highlighted, and the fact that
-
for the Romanians in Transylvania
-
Straightening of the Law printed in
1652
in
Târgovişte
was a valid
legal rule, inclusively in the XXth century, a rule also recognized by
the imperial authorities in Transylvania. The functions, the condition
and the role of the book from
Târgovişte
are strongly analyzed by
documents, notes, collections and catalogues, its use as a legal source
and a Church Canon Law source for the peoples of the Balkans. It is
outlined the policy of princely and clerical patronage of printings, as
well as the role of the book from
Târgovişte
in the Romanian cultural
dialogue, in the national unity done by print.
Chapter IV, Book-instrument in the religious policy of the
princes from
Târgovişte,
reveals a inedited relation between state
and church, the culture support through print, the activity of the
high culture hierarchs close to the princes from
Târgovişte,
the huge
role of the book from
Târgovişte
in the maintaining of the Orthodox
faith and Romanianism in Transylvania, or in the supporting of the
Christianity in south of the Danube space and the Orient. It is
presented by documents, printed books, studies of coBections, notes
and heraldic elements, the ways how the book printed in
Târgovişte
has become an instrument of the religious policy, with political
significance, cultural importance and particular relevance, all
comprised of a new, modern and active mental in the preserving of
the national entity.
Chapter V
-
The circulation of the book of
Târgovişte
(the
XVIth
-
XX**«
centuries) has the following elements: the means of
distribution; the book condition and functions; the methods of
procuring the book printed in
Târgovişte;
the notes kept on the pages
239
Gabriela
Niţulescu
of the books; the book travels.
211
copies of the books printed in
Targoviste are tracked, with extensive information on the owners,
the authors of notes, the book travel, the character of notes,
thé
current storehouses. The focus was mainly on the circulation of the
book from Targoviste in Transylvaraa, because of its importance for
the Romanian communities therefrom.
To complete the general image, some specific indexes were
included in annexes: Transylvanian localities where the books
fromTârgovişte
circulated; the price of the book from Targoviste in
Transylvania; technical data on books printed in Targoviste (general
partners, sponsors, printers), donors of books in Transylvaraa;
holders of books with circulation in Transylvania.
The iconography of the tome includes the title pages,
illustrations, notes, heraldic elements used in the printing of the books,
maps presenting the territory of the ancient
Dacia,
documents, etc.
Translated by Liana Chivu
240 |
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| geographic | Târgovişte Rumänien (DE-588)4459194-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Târgovişte Rumänien |
| id | DE-604.BV035968342 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-09-16T14:01:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789737124920 |
| language | Romanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018862393 |
| oclc_num | 643848029 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 262 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Ed. Bibliotheca |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Historia |
| spelling | Niţulescu, Gabriela Verfasser aut Cartea tipărită la Tărgovişte şi Renaşterea românească Gabriela Niţulescu Târgovişte Ed. Bibliotheca 2009 262 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Historia Zsfassung in engl., franz. u. russ. Sprache u.d.T.: The printed book in Târgovişte and the Romanian renaissance Geschichte 1500-1700 gnd rswk-swf Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd rswk-swf Buchdruck (DE-588)4008598-3 gnd rswk-swf Târgovişte Rumänien (DE-588)4459194-9 gnd rswk-swf Târgovişte Rumänien (DE-588)4459194-9 g Buchdruck (DE-588)4008598-3 s Geschichte 1500-1700 z DE-604 Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 s Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018862393&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018862393&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Niţulescu, Gabriela Cartea tipărită la Tărgovişte şi Renaşterea românească Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Buchdruck (DE-588)4008598-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4125698-0 (DE-588)4008598-3 (DE-588)4459194-9 |
| title | Cartea tipărită la Tărgovişte şi Renaşterea românească |
| title_auth | Cartea tipărită la Tărgovişte şi Renaşterea românească |
| title_exact_search | Cartea tipărită la Tărgovişte şi Renaşterea românească |
| title_full | Cartea tipărită la Tărgovişte şi Renaşterea românească Gabriela Niţulescu |
| title_fullStr | Cartea tipărită la Tărgovişte şi Renaşterea românească Gabriela Niţulescu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cartea tipărită la Tărgovişte şi Renaşterea românească Gabriela Niţulescu |
| title_short | Cartea tipărită la Tărgovişte şi Renaşterea românească |
| title_sort | cartea tiparita la targoviste si renasterea romaneasca |
| topic | Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Buchdruck (DE-588)4008598-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kultur Buchdruck Târgovişte Rumänien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018862393&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018862393&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nitulescugabriela carteatiparitalatargovistesirenasterearomaneasca |