Był rok 1939: operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce "Intelligenzaktion"
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
2009
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej <Warszawa> / Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
53 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Rezension |
| Beschreibung: | Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 351 Seiten Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9788376290638 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cb4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV035865522 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20230516 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 091208s2009 abd| |||| 00||| pol d | ||
| 020 | |a 9788376290638 |9 978-83-7629-063-8 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)504088547 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV035865522 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a pol | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-M352 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a DK4410 | |
| 084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Wardzyńska, Maria |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1149187743 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Był rok 1939 |b operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce "Intelligenzaktion" |c Maria Wardzyńska |
| 264 | 1 | |a Warszawa |b Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a 351 Seiten |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej <Warszawa> / Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |v 53 | |
| 500 | |a Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache | ||
| 610 | 2 | 4 | |a Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei. |b Schutzstaffel. |b Sicherheitsdienst |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1939 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Weltkrieg (1939-1945) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a World War, 1939-1945 |x Atrocities |z Poland | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Politische Verfolgung |0 (DE-588)4046565-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Intellektueller |0 (DE-588)4027249-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Polen | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Poland |x History |y Occupation, 1939-1945 | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Polen |0 (DE-588)4046496-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Polen |0 (DE-588)4046496-9 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Intellektueller |0 (DE-588)4027249-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Politische Verfolgung |0 (DE-588)4046565-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Geschichte 1939 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 810 | 2 | |a Instytut Pamięci Narodowej <Warszawa> / Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |t Monografie |v 53 |w (DE-604)BV017143574 |9 53 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018723280&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018723280&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
| 856 | 4 | |u http://digital.bib-bvb.de/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=1711899&custom_att_2=simple_viewer |z Rezension | |
| 940 | 1 | |n DHB | |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 940 | 1 | |q DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018723280 | ||
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 355.009 |e 22/bsb |f 09043 |g 438 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140847270199296 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SUMMARY
InhermonographMariaWardzyńskapresents
the courseofthe
politische
Flurbereinigung
operation ( political cleansing of the territory ) referred to
by German officials as the
Intelligenzaktion
(operation Intelligentsia ).
The Intelligentsia operation was a preventive action intended to
eliminate, by way of direct and indirect extermination, all people who
could become foci of resistance against the German plans towards Poland.
The plans consisted of the destruction of the Polish state and nation. The
Intelligentsia Operation launched in
1939
was intended to remove people
preventing the achievement of the Reich s objective.
Germans were convinced that resistance would be focussed around
groups that propagated the idea of a Polish state, that actively worked for the
state and that manifested their national identity. Therefore, the authorities
of the Third Reich planned to destroy these groups by mass executions
and deportations to concentration camps. Thus, Polish society would
be converted into a passive, disorganised mass subject to the invaders
exploitation.
Maria
Wardzyńska
is the first author to present the implementation of
Operation Intelligentsia in a comprehensive manner. She discusses the
course of the operation in Polish territories incorporated into the Third
Reich and into the General Government. She also describes steps taken
against Poles who were citizens of the Third Reich and of the Free City
of Danzig. Even though it has been seventy years since the operation, no
comprehensive account of it has been prepared. So far, all works on the
subject have presented either a regional or synthetic view. The reason for
this was that documentation remaining after the
1939
operation in Poland
was fragmented. Operation Intelligentsia was conducted in secret in order
to prevent any leaks about mass executions to outside observers. People
who were being arrested and put in prisons and camps were disappearing
without a trace.
The scope of Operation Intelligentsia was discovered many years
after the war. The information was obtained in the course of exhumations
of mass graves; surveys conducted by Municipal Courts in
1945
and by the
Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland and its
regional counterparts
(Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich);
287
and investigations of crimes committed in
1939.
These materials, alongside
archival documents, were the main sources used in the work. Other sources
include dossiers of court cases adjudicated by the Supreme National Tribunal
(Najwyższy Trybunał Narodowy),
dossiers ofcases adjudicated by general
courts and dossiers from preliminary investigations conducted for the
purpose of extradition of war criminals. The author also used exhumation
protocols, results of research in the archives of the Civil Registry Office
(Urząd Stanu Cywilnego)
and surveys.
Other helpful materials used in the monograph were records of court
cases investigated by German courts and materials produced by the invaders.
The latter included collective reports from security police operational
groups, in particular the dossier from the investigation conducted in
1943
by
SS
authorities against the commandant of the security police s camp in
Działdowo.
The materials confirmed that elimination of Polish resistance
activists was conducted in secrecy to prevent any information from being
revealed to the public . They also confirmed that false documents were
being generated to conceal executions. This information was provided by the
personnel clerk of the Inspector of the Security Police and Security Service
in
Królewiec
(today Kalingrad). In connection with the execution of
170
Poles from camps Hohenbruch, Rudau II and
Beidritten
at the beginning
of January
1940,
he testified that as a cover up, these Poles had to sign
a declaration that they agree to be sent to the General Government.
..
in
reality, they were executed in a forest .
Intelligentsia was a well-designed operation that took along time
to prepare. The Third Reich was observing all Polish organisations,
associations and parties in Germany, the Free City of Danzig and Poland.
Nazis were gathering information about organisations and their members.
They were particularly interested in advocates of Poland, participants of the
Greater Poland Uprising
(Powstanie Wielkopolskie)
and Silesia Uprisings
(Powstania Śląskie),
as well as people working for the Polish state in the
spheres of economy and society. Observation was being conducted through
the so-called Vertauensmanner ( V ), or unpaid informers preparing reports
for their patrons. The espionage operation performed by the informers of the
German security service and security police was, in the opinion of the Reich
Main Security Office
(Reichssicherheitshauptamt),
one of the elements of
a successful invasion of Poland . The German minority in Poland was
particularly highly praised for their involvement in the operation.
288
The result of many years work by German informers in Poland was
a list of Poles with special importance to the German security service. This
was the so called
Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen .
Preparations for Operation Intelligentsia included, apart from
gathering information about Poles who were to be rendered harmless
( unschädlichen ),
the creation of special police units. These units called
Einsatzgruppen der Sicherheitspolizei
(Operational Groups of the
Security Police) were being created under a special agreement concluded in
July
1939
between the high command of the army and the head of security
police and security service. At the same time, detailed guidelines of terrorist
attacks were developed for operational groups, as well as their organisational
structure. The groups were to be subordinate simultaneously to the army
headquarters and to the head of the security police. The latter was to give
them orders. During the last days of August
1939
operational groups I-
Vwere set up. The Operational Group for Special Tasks
(Einsatzgruppe
zur besonderen Verwedung), Einsatzgruppe
VI and the independent unit
Einsatzkommando 16
were formed at the beginning of September
1939.
Operational groups consisted of
2700
police and security service officers.
The operation consisting of installing security police in Poland during
the September Campaign is known under the codename
Unternehmen
Tannenberg
(Operation
Tannenberg).
Operational groups of the security police entering Poland in September
1939
were accompanied by support formations such as policing service
organised in battalions associated with individual armies and
SS
units
-
SS-Wachsturmbann Eimann , SS-Torenkopfstandarte Brandenburg ,
SS-Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler and SS-Heimwehr-Sturmbann Goetze .
Apólice
support unit
Selbstschutz was
created from members of the
German minority in Poland.
Tasks assigned to operational groups of the security police were
concisely formulated in the letter of the German General Staff of the Army
of 31st July
1939.
ft stipulated that the operational groups were to combat
all individuals hostile towards the Reich and Germans in the enemy country
at the rear of the fighting army . This statement was made more precise in
Guidelines on Foreign Activities of the Security Police and the Security
Service . In accordance with these guidelines, all people listed on arrest
lists, people who oppose measures applied by German authorities... or
are evidently prone to do so , as well as people who due to their position
289
and personal qualities may raise unrest were to be detained. The groups
were to confiscate all weapons, capture escapees , take over the records of
Polish offices, take over and secure all industrial facilities, take over library
and museum collections, requisition cash and bank deposits and to secure
the demarcation line between territories of Poland occupied by the German
Wehrmacht
and territories of Poland occupied by the Red Army .
Authorities of the Third Reich categorised civilians resisting the invaders,
either by supporting the Polish army or independently, as individuals hostile
towards the Reich and Germans , even though such resistance is legal in the
eyes of international law. Such civilians were referred to as Freischalern
( partisans , mercenaries ) and were ordered executed.
The category individuals hostile towards the Reich and Germans also
included those who could potentially organise such resistance in the future,
or as Heydrichput it in a meeting on 8th September
1939:
all individuals
who may be regarded as carriers of national resistance . Nazi decision
makers referred to this group as the leader class (Fuhrungsschicht). This
term was not used in compliance with social structure theory and did not
refer to a group of people occupying identical or similar position in social
hierarchy. The term referred to individuals from different social classes and
background whose activities were strengthening the idea of a Polish state
and were developing national awareness on a large scale. In general, the term
referred to the intelligentsia (hence use of this word to denote the political
cleansing of the territory ). In this case, the term was not used to describe
people belonging to a certain social class due to their educational background,
but rather people who were active and capable of managing social activity.
The group included members of political and social organisations, such as
the Polish Western Association
(Polski Związek Zachodni)
an organisation
that evolved from the Association for the Defence of Western Regions
(Związek Obrony Kresów Zachodnich),
as well as Polish teacher circles
and catholic clergy who were said to have radical Polish and nationalistic
influence on the people. Notes about hostile attitude towards Germans
or anti-German activities also accompanied the names of members of
the following organisations: the Association of the Greater Poland Uprising
Combatants
(Związek Powstańców Wielkopolskich),
the Association of
the Silesia Uprising Combatants
(Związek Powstańców Śląskich),
the
Federation of Polish Associations of Fatherland Defenders
(Federacja
Polskich Związków Obrońców Ojczyzny),
the Polish Gymnastic Society
290
Falcon
(Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne Sokół )
and the Riflemen s
Association
(Związek Strzelecki).
The Germans were particularly concerned
about the mobility and independence of merchants. Groups intended for
arrest also included medical doctors, lawyers, retired officers, officials, land
owners and persons of public authority.
Early on the morning of 1st September,
1939,
the Germans attacked
Poland without a declaration of war. When the German
Wehrmacht was
shelling
Westerplatte,
bombing
Wieluń
and many other Polish cities, the
security police started to eliminate Polish national life in the Reich and Free
City of Danzig. The methods used were soon to be employed in the territory
of Poland. Mass arrests of Polish citizens of the Reich, were conducted.
Detainees included activists of the Union of Poles in Germany
(Związek
Polaków w Niemczech),
the schooling association
Macierz Szkolna ,
members of the Polish Scouting Association
(Związek Harcerstwa
Polskiego),
the Union of Silesian Singing Associations
(Związek Śląskich
Kół Śpiewaczych)
and the Union of Polish Youth
(Związek Młodzieży
Polskiej),
Polish teachers, priests; chairmen, secretaries, treasurers and
board members of Polish organisations. In total, over two thousand people
regarded by the Nazi police and administration system as particularly
active and as leaders of Poles in the Reich were arrested. Detainees were
placed in prisons and transitional camps. After interrogation by Gestapo,
they were sent to concentration camps, mainly
KL Sachsenhausen
and KL
Buchenwald;
women were placed in KL Ravensbruck. Some Poles were
executed on the spot. A few people were transported to Berlin and beheaded
in the
Moabit
prison.
At the same time as the arrests, all Polish organisations and institutions
werecloseddown.Real estate, offices^rintinghouses^choolSjkindergartens,
boarding houses, bookshops and all property of those organisations were
taken over by the German Reich. The property of People s Bank (Bank
Ludowy)
was taken over by German banks.
On 1st September,
1939,
police and
SS
groups attacked all Polish
institutions in the Free City of Danzig. The following offices and facilities
were taken over: the General Office of the Republic of Poland
(Komisariat
Generalny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej),
Polish Railway Board
(Polski
Zarząd Kolei),
Polish Post
(Poczta Polska),
Polish Customs Inspectorate
(Polski Inspektorat Ceł)
and its branches, Polish Telegraph Agency
(Polska
Agencja Telegraficzna),
Delegation of the Polish Port and Waterways Board
291
(Polska Delegacja Rady Portu i Dróg Wodnych),
Polish Secondary School
(Gimnazjum Polskie),
Polish Boarding House
(Polski Dom Akademicki),
Polish School of Trade
(Polska Szkoła Handlowa)
and Polish banks.
Resistance, as in the case of the Polish Post Office, was broken by force.
At the same time, the Danzig police were arresting Poles and citizens of
the Free City, as well as employees of Polish institutions. Arrests followed
lists drawn up by the police before the aggression. Detainees were deported
to concentration camps (for instance,
800
employees of
Gdańsk
railways).
Many people were executed on the spot. In
Piaśnica
and Sztutowo,
63
railway
employees were shot. On the railway station in
Szymanków,
14
Polish railway
men were murdered with their families in retaliation for their resistance to
the Nazis.
39
employees of the Polish Post Office were shot in
Zaspa,
near
Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz.
For over ten hours the postmen resisted the attack of the
SS
unit
Wachsturmbann Eimann.
The Germans were particularly determined
to capture Polish teachers charged with strengthening Polish national spirit
among the young people of
Gdańsk.
29
teachers were executed in
Piaśnica;
about
100
were deported to concentration camps.
The aggression of Nazi Germany toward Poland in September
1939
was not only intended to destroy Polish armed forces. The purpose of
the invasion was to destroy Poland completely , wipe out all of its
vital forces , as Hitler communicated to leaders of
Wehrmacht in
a secret
conference in
Obersalzberg
on 22nd August,
1939.
German air forces and
artillery were targeting civilian objects, cities, villages, roads filled with
refugees, evacuation trains, hospitals, churches and housing estates, where
thousands of civilians were killed. In Warsaw alone,
30,000
inhabitants
were killed as a result of bombing and shelling.
Wehrmacht
soldiers were
also arresting and executing civilian defenders of Polish cities and towns,
even though they were wearing uniforms and properly marked armbands
with the name and stamp of their organisation. According to the Hague
Convention of
1907,
these people had combatant rights which were not
respected by the invaders. Civilian resistance was met with outrageous
retaliation by the Germans. The invading army performed mass executions,
inter alia, on civilian defenders of
Kiecko, Mogilno, Trzemeszno, Kalisz,
Zgierz, Uniejów, Łowicz, Zakroczym and Częstochowa.
Defenders of Upper Silesia were being arrested and executed by the
Wehrmacht in
collaboration with Freilcorps Ebbinghaus. Mass executions
were performed in
20
places, cities of Silesia and suburban forests.
292
Moreover, around
50
other atrocities involving less than
10
people in each
case were found to be committed in the Katowice Regency.
In the second half of September, acts of terror against civilian defenders
were being committed mainly by the German police. Its units were entering
cities immediately after the
Wehrmacht
to search for weapons. The police
were also confiscating supplies, mainly gasoline,
diesel
oil, timber from
sawmills, grain and flour, as well as objects of higher value, including
medicines and anaesthetics. The materials were then given to the German
army and to local
Volksdeutsche
( Ethnic Germans )- Polish shops and
warehouses, as well as money from Polish banks were taken over by
Germans.
The police were simultaneously doing this and interning Poles in
accordance with a predetermined scheme. This operation was aimed against
the so-called fanatical Poles , persons categorised as members of the
leadership class , and Poles regarded as hostile towards Germans . Many
people were held hostage and shot in public executions in retaliation .
Executions of other detainees were performed in secret in deserted parts of
forests or in gravel quarries.
Mass executions in
Pomerania,
the area referred to by Nazis as Reich
district Danzig-Western Prussia ware taking place in
Piaśnica
Forest
(Lasy
Piaśnickie), ca.
10
km from
Wejherowo.
23
mass graves were discovered
there after the war. Another spot was
Szpęgawa
Forest
(Lasy Szpęgawskie)
with
32
mass graves. Victims of these executions were inhabitants of
Pomerania,
teachers, officials, pharmacists, medical doctors, members of
the Polish Western Association, priests of the bishop s curia in
Chełmno,
and Polish Diaspora activists. In
Pomerania,
apart from the
Piaśnica
and
Szpęgawa
forests,
66
other mass execution sites were discovered, as well
as
950
places where less than
10
people were shot. It is estimated that in
the district Danzig-Western Prussia in autumn
1939
and spring
1940,
the
Germans murdered around
40,000
local people.
Germany combined the annexed territories of Greater Poland
(Wielkopolska),
Kuyavia
(Kujawy),
the
Łódź
region
(Ziemia Łódzka)
and
western Masovia
(Mazowsze)
to form the so called
Reichsgau Wartheland.
In this area, as part of Operation Intelligentsia , Nazis fiercely persecuted
Poles who had been fighting the German diversion in
1939.
Mass arrests
included teachers, clergy and even young people who were claimed to
have been raised in the spirit of glorification of Poland and humiliation
293
of Germany . Detainees were then shot in public executions in the cities.
Reichsgau Wartheland
was a province where public executions were very
frequent. The police were rounding up local people to witness the atrocities.
The objective was not only to get rid of certain individuals, but also to
terrorise the living ones; to show what can happen to them if they continue
to cultivate the idea of a Polish nation and state . Mass murders were
committed in
54
towns and cities of
Reichsgau
Wartheland. Also,
500
places where less than
10
people were shot were discovered.
The security police were also active in northern Masovia and the
Suwałki
district
(Powiat Suwalski),
which were incorporated into the Eastern Prussia
province as the
Ciechanów
Regency . They were confiscating property,
robbing libraries and book collections and arresting and killing people in
mass executions. There were
14
mass execution sites in northern Masovia.
Also,
140
cases of crimes against individual people were confirmed.
In Polish territories incorporated into the General Government, the first
searches, street round-ups and arrests were conducted in October
1939.
In
the Warsaw District on 801 October,
354
priests and teachers were interned.
The Germans claimed that due to their attitude, which was full of Polish
chauvinism , these people constitute a considerable threat to the safety of
German troops, officials and civilians . Detainees were placed in the security
police and security service prison
Pawiak .
After interrogations some of them
were deported to concentration camps. Some were shot in Warsaw in the so-
called Parliament Gardens
(Ogrody Sejmowe).
Several hundred people were
secretly executed there between October
1939
and April
1940.
Executions
were also taking place in
Kabaty
Forest
(Lasy Kabackie).
However, the biggest
mass executions were performed in
Palmiry
on the outskirts of
Kampinoska
Forest
(Puszcza Kampinoska).
It is estimated that at least
1700
people were
murdered there between December
1939
and April
1940.
Mayor of Warsaw
Stefan
Starzyński
was probably shot in
Palmiry
in December
1939. 24
mass
graves were discovered in
Palmiry
after the war.
In the Lublin District, mass street round-ups and arrests were conducted
between
9
and
11
November,
1939.
Security police arrested a few hundred
people, including teachers, judges, lawyers, engineers and priests. Members
of Bishop s Curia, Bishop s Court, Bishop s Chapter and teachers of
Seminary were detained as well. Detainees were placed in the security
police and security service prison in the Caste. After interrogations some
of the prisoners were deported to concentration camps. Others were shot in
294
the prison and within its vicinity, as well as in the old Jewish cemetery and
near the Lemszczyzna brickyard.
In the
Rádom
District, the biggest executions performed by the security
police were linked with the continued straggle of Polish army forces
commanded by major
Henryk Dobrzański,
pseudonym
Hubai .
Local
farmers supported Hubal s units, providing them with food. In retaliation,
security police agents shot
665
people from towns and villages in the area.
All the inhabitants of
Skłoba
village were murdered, as well as tens of
people from Huciska, Stadnicka
Wola, Dmaczów, Szałas Stary, Adamowo,
Królewiec, Małachów, Jelenia Góra
near
Opatów, Podlesie, Niebo, Piekło,
Mechlin, Stefankowo
and Gałki.
On 4th April in
Stąporków
near
Końskie,
gendarmes shot the family of one of Hubal s soldiers, including two small
children.
In the Cracow District, the most famous operation againstthe intelligentsia
was aimed at the scholars of Jagiellonian University and Mining Academy in
Cracow. Other arrests were conducted in connection with the State Holiday
on 11th November. Around
120
people, judges, students and teachers of
universities and schools were held hostage by the Germans. In the
Rzeszów
Region, Nazis arrested teachers, officials, priests, monks and owners of
large farms. Some detainees were deported to concentration camps, some
were shot.
The wave of mass arrests conducted by the security police in autumn
1939
and spring
1940
did not paralyse resistance. After a few months of the
extermination operation, the police observed secret links between Poles ,
rebellious attitudes and the establishment of secret organisations . The
intelligentsia was indicated as playing the main role in the resistance movement.
In a meeting on 30th May in Cracow, the Germans designed Ausserordentliche
Beŕriedungsaktion
( Extraordinary Pacification Operation ), intended to
further the decimation of political and spiritual leadership group in order to
prevent resistance of the Polish people . Operation
AB
lasted until autumn
1940.
A large group of people arrested during the operation was deported to
concentration camps. Some of them were shot in
Palmiry, Rury Jezuickie
near
Lublin, Apolonka Forest near
Radom, Wolbrom
Forest (Las Wolbromski)
near
Piotrków, Glinnik
Forest and
Krzesławice
near
Kraków.
It is estimated
that around
3500
teachers, priests, political and social activists were shot in
direct executions in Operation
AB .
In total, Operation Intelligentsia claimed around
100,000
victims.
295
SPIS TREŚCI
Wprowadzenie
.......................................... 7
1.
Polityczne i propagandowe przygotowania
Niemiec do wojny
..................................... 16
1.1.
Mniejszość niemiecka w Polsce
....................... 20
1.2.
Mniejszość polska w Niemczech
....................... 28
1.3.
Polacy w Wolnym Mieście Gdańsku
.................... 36
1.4.
Niemieccy donosiciele do policji bezpieczeństwa
......... 43
2.
Grupy operacyjne policji bezpieczeństwa
oraz formacje wspomagające
........................... 50
2.1.
Teren działania operacyjnych grup policji bezpieczeństwa.
.. 54
2.2.
Zbrodnicze zadania
operacyjnych grup policji bezpieczeństwa
............... 64
3.
Wrzesień
1939
roku
.................................... 75
3.1.
Aresztowania Polaków w III Rzeszy
.................... 75
3.2.
Aresztowania Polaków w Wolnym Mieście Gdańsku
....... 82
3.3.
Zbrodnie
Wehrmachtu
............................... 88
3.4.
Operacyjne grupy policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce.
Realizacja zadań
................................... 99
4.
Wrzesień
1939
roku na Śląsku
........................... 127
5.
Akcja bezpośrednia
(Direkte Aktion)
na Pomorzu
.......... 144
6.
Akcja „Inteligencja w Wielkopolsce, na Kujawach,
ziemi łódzkiej i zachodnim Mazowszu
.................... 186
7.
Akcja „Inteligencja na północnym Mazowszu
i w powiecie suwalskim
................................. 221
8.
Akcja
AB (Ausserordentliche Befriedungsaktion)
w Polsce centralnej
.................................... 238
Zakończenie
............................................ 273
Wykaz skrótów polskich i niemieckich
(niewystępujących potocznie)
........................... 279
Wykaz stopni funkcjonariuszy
SS
dowodzących
grupami i oddziałami policji bezpieczeństwa w
1939
roku.
... 281
Organizacja niemieckiej policji bepieczeństwa
na okupowanych ziemiach polskich,
1939
roku
............. 282
Summary
.............................................. 287
Bibliografia
............................................ 296
Indeks osób
............................................ 304
Indeks geograficzny
..................................... 332
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Wardzyńska, Maria |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1149187743 |
| author_facet | Wardzyńska, Maria |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Wardzyńska, Maria |
| author_variant | m w mw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035865522 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DK4410 |
| callnumber-raw | DK4410 |
| callnumber-search | DK4410 |
| callnumber-sort | DK 44410 |
| callnumber-subject | DK - Russia, Soviet Union, Former Soviet Republics, Poland |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)504088547 (DE-599)BVBBV035865522 |
| era | Geschichte 1939 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1939 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>02754nam a2200577 cb4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV035865522</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230516 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">091208s2009 abd| |||| 00||| pol d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9788376290638</subfield><subfield code="9">978-83-7629-063-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)504088547</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV035865522</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">pol</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M352</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">DK4410</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wardzyńska, Maria</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1149187743</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Był rok 1939</subfield><subfield code="b">operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce "Intelligenzaktion"</subfield><subfield code="c">Maria Wardzyńska</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Warszawa</subfield><subfield code="b">Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu</subfield><subfield code="c">2009</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">351 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej <Warszawa> / Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu</subfield><subfield code="v">53</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="610" ind1="2" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei.</subfield><subfield code="b">Schutzstaffel.</subfield><subfield code="b">Sicherheitsdienst</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1939</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Weltkrieg (1939-1945)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">World War, 1939-1945</subfield><subfield code="x">Atrocities</subfield><subfield code="z">Poland</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Politische Verfolgung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4046565-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Intellektueller</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4027249-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Polen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Poland</subfield><subfield code="x">History</subfield><subfield code="y">Occupation, 1939-1945</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Polen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4046496-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Polen</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4046496-9</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Intellektueller</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4027249-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Politische Verfolgung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4046565-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1939</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="810" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Instytut Pamięci Narodowej <Warszawa> / Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu</subfield><subfield code="t">Monografie</subfield><subfield code="v">53</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-604)BV017143574</subfield><subfield code="9">53</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018723280&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018723280&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Abstract</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">http://digital.bib-bvb.de/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=1711899&custom_att_2=simple_viewer</subfield><subfield code="z">Rezension</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">DHB</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">DHB_JDG_ISBN_1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018723280</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">355.009</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09043</subfield><subfield code="g">438</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Polen Poland History Occupation, 1939-1945 Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polen Poland History Occupation, 1939-1945 |
| id | DE-604.BV035865522 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:06:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788376290638 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018723280 |
| oclc_num | 504088547 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M352 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M352 |
| physical | 351 Seiten Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej <Warszawa> / Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |
| spelling | Wardzyńska, Maria Verfasser (DE-588)1149187743 aut Był rok 1939 operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce "Intelligenzaktion" Maria Wardzyńska Warszawa Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu 2009 351 Seiten Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej <Warszawa> / Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu 53 Zusammenfassung in englischer Sprache Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei. Schutzstaffel. Sicherheitsdienst Geschichte 1939 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Weltkrieg (1939-1945) World War, 1939-1945 Atrocities Poland Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd rswk-swf Intellektueller (DE-588)4027249-7 gnd rswk-swf Polen Poland History Occupation, 1939-1945 Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Intellektueller (DE-588)4027249-7 s Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 s Geschichte 1939 z DE-604 Instytut Pamięci Narodowej <Warszawa> / Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu Monografie 53 (DE-604)BV017143574 53 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018723280&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018723280&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract http://digital.bib-bvb.de/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=1711899&custom_att_2=simple_viewer Rezension |
| spellingShingle | Wardzyńska, Maria Był rok 1939 operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce "Intelligenzaktion" Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei. Schutzstaffel. Sicherheitsdienst Geschichte Weltkrieg (1939-1945) World War, 1939-1945 Atrocities Poland Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd Intellektueller (DE-588)4027249-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046565-2 (DE-588)4027249-7 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Był rok 1939 operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce "Intelligenzaktion" |
| title_auth | Był rok 1939 operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce "Intelligenzaktion" |
| title_exact_search | Był rok 1939 operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce "Intelligenzaktion" |
| title_full | Był rok 1939 operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce "Intelligenzaktion" Maria Wardzyńska |
| title_fullStr | Był rok 1939 operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce "Intelligenzaktion" Maria Wardzyńska |
| title_full_unstemmed | Był rok 1939 operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce "Intelligenzaktion" Maria Wardzyńska |
| title_short | Był rok 1939 |
| title_sort | byl rok 1939 operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczenstwa w polsce intelligenzaktion |
| title_sub | operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce "Intelligenzaktion" |
| topic | Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei. Schutzstaffel. Sicherheitsdienst Geschichte Weltkrieg (1939-1945) World War, 1939-1945 Atrocities Poland Politische Verfolgung (DE-588)4046565-2 gnd Intellektueller (DE-588)4027249-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei. Schutzstaffel. Sicherheitsdienst Geschichte Weltkrieg (1939-1945) World War, 1939-1945 Atrocities Poland Politische Verfolgung Intellektueller Polen Poland History Occupation, 1939-1945 |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018723280&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018723280&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://digital.bib-bvb.de/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=1711899&custom_att_2=simple_viewer |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV017143574 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wardzynskamaria byłrok1939operacjaniemieckiejpolicjibezpieczenstwawpolsceintelligenzaktion |