Holdings: Greek and Hellenistic wheel- and mould-made closed oil lamps in the Holy Land

Greek and Hellenistic wheel- and mould-made closed oil lamps in the Holy Land: collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Zusman, Ṿardah (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford [u.a.] Archaeopress 2009
Series:	British archaeological reports / International series 2015
Subjects:	Israel. > Rashut ha-ʻatiḳot Funde Lamps, Classical > Israel Lamps, Hellenistic > Israel Öllampe Israel > Antiquities Griechenland > Altertum Palästina
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	IV, 201 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
ISBN:	9781407305905

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adam_text	Contents Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................1 Guide to the Catalogue .............................................................................................................................................6 Nomenclature-identification of the various parts of the Oil Lamps (Fig. A) .........................................................7 Legend to the Catalogue ..........................................................................................................................................7 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................................8 Part I Chapter 1 Wheel-made Oil lamps: Saucer and closed oil lamps imported from Asia Minor and Greece I.I Gl & G2: Iron Age III - Persian period, the 7-6th centuries ВСЕ, Broneer type 1, Howland type 9: mid 7th - first part of 6th century ВСЕ & type 11....................................................................................9 ■ 1.1.2 -Gl with flattened base (Figs. 1& 2)........................................................................................................9 1.2.1 - G2 Lamps with a central tube (Figs. 3 & 4)...........................................................................................10 1.3 H3A & В Half-way closed lamps with a central tube (socket), Stick Lamps : 3rd -2nil & centuries ВСЕ; Howland type 27B, С &D;(#l-#4) .........................................................................................10 1.3.1 -H3A Lamps (1 & 2)...............................................................................................................................10 1.3.2 -H3B Lamp (#3)......................................................................................................................................11 1.4. GH4 - H8 Closed oil lamps, with U -shaped handles .................................................................................11 1.4.1 - GH4 Attic Greek closed lamps with U -shaped handles, 5th-3rd centuries ВСЕ. Broneer type VI & VII and Howland 23A, 23B, 23C; (#4-#14) ......................................................................11 1.4.2 - GH4 Imported Attic oil lamps with U -shaped (band-shaped) handles: beginning of the 5th-4 century ВСЕ; Broneer Type VI until the appearance of Type VII. Howland 23 A, 34B &23C.(#4) .......................................................................................................................................................11 1.5 GH5 Straight sided lamps; high wall and U -shaped handle, 5-3Γα centuries ВСЕ. Broneer Type VII (without a handle). Howland Type 24A and 25 А -Prime (Џ5-Ш) ....................................................12 1.6 H6 Lamps with globular-shaped body and U -shaped handle, late in 2nd quarter of the 4th and in the 2n<r quarter of the 3rd century, before 348 ВСЕ; Howland type 25A (#9-#12) ........................................12 1.7 H7 Lamps with low/shallow curved wall and U -shaped handle, the first half of the 4th century ВСЕ or second half of the 4th to 3rd century ВСЕ. Howland Type24C Prime (#1.3).......................................13 1.8 H8 Globular lamps with inward slanting tops and U -shaped handles. Broneer type VII; first quarter of the 3rd century ВСЕ. (#14)...............................................................................................................13 1.9 GH9 and H9: Globular oil lamps, imports from Greece and imitations from local workshops; end of the Persian and during the Hellenistic period; late 5th until early 2nd century ВСЕ. Broneer type VII, Ball-shaped , 5th - during the 4th century ВСЕ, Howland types 24C Prime & 25A Prime, late in the second quarter of the 5th into second quarter of the 3rd century ВСЕ. (#15-#62;andFig. 6)........................................................................................................................................13 1.9.1 - H9AVariations to the above ...................................................................................................................15 1.10 H10 Globular oil lamps with perforated side lugs; 3rd quarter of the 4th into 2nd quarter of the 3rd century ВСЕ. Broneer VII and Howland 25B Prime (#63).........................................................................15 1. 11 HI 1 А, В & C bikWelľ-shaped lamps; 4th-3rd century ВСЕ, third quarter to the end of the 4 century ВСЕ. Bronęer Type VII, Howland type 23D; (#64 & #65)................................................................16 1.11.1 -HllA&B ...........................................................................................................................................16 I.I 1.2 -VariationHI 1С..................................................................................................................................16 1.12 H12A & В Variation of the inkwell with unperforated side lugs; late in the third quarter of the 4 1 into first quarter of the 3rd century ВСЕ. Broneer type XII and Howland type 25D Prime, includes perforated lugs; (#66 & #67)....................................................................................................................17 1.13 НІЗА-С Circular flat topped oil lamps, with single unperforated side lug; late in the third quarter of 4* century ВСЕ into first quarter. Of the 3rd-mid 2nd century ВСЕ. Broneer type IX and Howland 25D Prime; (#68-#71)..:......................:........................;,................................................;.........17 Ι.13.Ί-Η13Α Lamp (#68)....................„;..,...;.....;.........„...............................................................................17 1.13.2 - H13B Lamp (#70) .·........„..„.......:,..,.:..... u................. ......................................................................17 1.13.3 -H13C Lamp (#71)....................;...........:..............................................................................................17 1.14 H14A-D Various lamps: variations of the Globular lamps, imported and local; З^-і centuries ВСЕ (#72-#76). ..;....,.....,....,..........................:...................................................................................18 1.14.1 -H14A Lamp (#72)..................„......,...,............:.................................................................................18 1.14.2 -H14B Lamp ЏТЅ)..<....:...>...,. ..........,.......................................... і. .......................................................18 1.14.3 -H14C Tube-shaped lamps (#74 & 75)......................................„.........................................................18 1.14.4 -H14D Pear-shaped body lamp 01:6).....L·. .......................................................................................18 Chapter2. . : . ■■■ ■ Local lamps after.Greek lamps : 1.2.1 rH15 Beth Zur 3rd-2ndcentury ВСЕфП-Ш)...,........... ..........................................................................19 1.2.2 - H16À-D Neo-Babylonìan lamps; 3td-2nd centuries ВСЕ and 2nd-lst centuries ВСЕ (#85- #98)...............................................,..........:,...„............................,.,................;.:....,..................................20 1.2.2.1 -H16A Lamps (Ѓ85-Ѕ90).,..,....... ............;.........................................................................................21 I.2.2.2-H16B Lamps (#91,#95 &#96)............... і.......... ..........................;..................................................22 1.2.2.3 - H16C Lamps of unknown origin with side lug and loop handle (Figs. 1 0A & B) ...........................22 1.2.2.4 - H16D Lamps with a long stretched loop handle(#97 & #98), Broneer Type ХП ............................22 Chapter 3 ; V Imported Wheel-Made Lamps and Mould-Made Imitations 1.3.1 H17 Wheelmade Rhodian Lamps - lamps with perforated lug/knob which do not project from the circumference; mid 3rd -2nd century ВСЕ; Broneer^^ types LX & Howland Type 32. (#99- #124)........................:..,................■;...........,...;........................................................................................24 1.3.2 HI 8 Local and other wheel-and mould-made lamps after Rhodian prototypes; end of the 3rd-2nd century ВСЕ; Broneer type XH and Howland type 34 (#125- #131)....................................................26 Chapter 4 : Wheel-Made Oil Lamps from Asia Minor ■■ 1.4.1 H19 Cnidian oil lamps #138 & #139; lst-2nd half of the 2nd-early 1st century ВСЕ; Broneer Type ХІП; Howland type 35B & 40A (#132 & #133).....................,.......:.......................................................28 PartH Chapter 5 ILI Mould-made decorated lamps: imported or imitated П.І.І H20 A & В With left side lugs, and С without a left side lug; decorated nozzles. End of the 3rá- 1st century ВСЕ; Howland types 42A&D and 43E. (#134-#137) H20Cwithoutsídeprojectíon(#136,H20B).„. ................................................................................................30 П.І.2 H21A & В Decorated Oil Lamps with two side lugs; Turtle -shaped; 3rd to early 2nd century ВСЕ; Howland type 45A&B; (#13 8-#l 46)......................................................................................................32 II.I.3 - H22A-D - Kite-shaped and hoof-shaped lamps, decorated with radial strokes, 3rd-early 2nd centuries ВСЕ, Howland Type 47B and Młynarczyk type D (#148- #152).....·..........................................34 ІІ.І.ЗЛ-Н22А: lamp (#149);.,.........................................................................................................................34 ii Π.Ι.3.2 - Η22Β: lamps (#147 + Shavei Zion) (Fig. 17).....................................................................................34 II.I.3.3 -H22C: lamps (#148 & #152)...............................................................................................................34 П.І.3.4 - H22D: lamp (#152)...........................................................................................................................34 II.I.4 - H23 Decorated lamps with human figures & Ërotes; Late 3rd -2nd century ВСЕ and 2nd -I8 century ВСЕ; Howland Types 45A& 47B.* (#153-#167) .............................................................................36 II.I.4.1 - H23A Human figures: love scene ..................................................................................................38 П.І.4.2 - H23B Winged figures; clad Erotes ..................................................................................................39 II.I.4.3 - H23C Naked Erotes: À Still-Life posture ....................................................................................39 II.I.44 - H23D Naked Erotes: In Movement....... ..........................................................................................40 11.1.4.5 - H23E Deteriorated Erotes ..............................................................................................................40 11.1.4.6 - H23F A lamp.found at Atlit (#167)................................................................................................40 Chapter 6 II ЛІ. Lamps imported or designed from A: Egyptian and B: Asia Minor prototypes 11.11.5 - H24 Lamps with two symmetrical pointed side projections, and a fan-shaped nozzle. Late 3rd-2nd century ВСЕ. Howland 45C; (Й168-Г175). .................................................................................42 11.11.6 - H25 Oil lamp with two dome like projections. 2nd-lst centuries ВСЕ (#176).................. ...................43 11.11.7 - H26 Lamp with a single coriic.grooved projection on the left shoulder, 2nd-lst century ВСЕ (#177)......................................:.......:.......................................................................................................44 П.П.8.- H27A & В Lamps with right or left side projections with grooves (H27A) or without (H27B) along the nozzle, 2nd-lst century ВСЕ (еШ-ЯШ) .............................................................................44 П.ІІ.9 - H28A & В Miscellaneous lamps with two minor side projections and grooves along the nozzle. Probably 2nd-lst century ВСЕ (#183-#186) ...........................................................................................45 ІІ.П.9.1-Н28А..... ............................................................................................................................................45 II.IL9.2 - H28B ............:........,„·.:.............„...................................:....................................................................45 ІІ.П.10 - H29A & В Lamps decorated with the Macedonian pattern, 2nd- 1st century ВСЕ; and H29B lamps with rope across the nozzle (#188-#191)...... .........;............................,........................................45 11.11.10.1 -H29A ........:.................:...........,..............................,:.. ........ л ..........................................................45 ILII. 10.2 -H29B Lamp with rope across the nozzle (#191).............................................................................46 II.II.ll - H30A & В Mòuld-made oil lamps made under both Ephesus and Egyptian influence: H30A - lamps with left side projection late 2nd century ВСЕ (#192-#193);Н30В: lamp without projections, under the samé influence, 2ná century ВСЕ (#194).......................................................................46 11.11.11.1 -H30A Lamp (#192).....:..,................................!...............................................................................46 П.П.11.2 - H30B Lamp (#194)..........................,................................;............................................................47 ILII. 12 - Ή31Α & В Lamps with three projections: two side-lugs and a plaque at the rear or a lug-handle; 2nd-early 1st centuries ВСЕ (#195-#202) ...............................................................................47 ILII. 12.1 ■- H3 ΙΑ lamps with two side-lugs and at the rear a plaque (#195-# 198 &#1 99)..............................47 ILII. 12.2 -H3 IB lamps with a single side lug (projection) (#201)................................................................47 II.II.12.il - H3ÍA1 Lamps with two side lugs (#195, #197, #198 & #207).................................................47 ІЇ.П.12.1.2 - H31A2 The lamp (#199)...............................................................................................................48 ILII. 12.2 -H3IB lamp (#201)..........................................................................................................................48 П.ІІ.13 - H32A, В &C Multiple nozzle lamps (#203-#206) .................................................................................49 11.11.13.1 -Ή32Α Lamps, where the nozzles fonna circle ..............................................................................49 11.11.13.2- H32B ...............................................................................................................................................49 IŁU. 13.3 - H32C Box-shaped lamp (#205)......................................................................................................49 ILII. 14 - H33 Oil lamps with a single side projection, S -shaped or Delphiniform , 2nd-early 1st century ВСЕ (#206-#2б7) ............................................................................................................................... 55 ILII. 14.1 - НЗЗА Lamp with a loop handle, 2nd - Iй century ВСЕ ...................................................................55 ILII.14.2 & IL14.3 - H33 В & С Different, degenerated left side projections; 2nd-lst century ВСЕ ..................................·...........................................................................................................................55 iii ΙΙ.Π.14.3-Η33Β.... .....:........;...........................................................................................................................55 .■: ЇШ;14.4-НЗЗЄ ........................ ....і........^..........:...........,....... ............. λ ............................................................55 Chapter? _·■:.·■■■ . . П.Ш - Mould-made: Local Workshops of the-3rd-2nd Century ВСЕ П.Ш.1-Н34&П.Ш.2-Н35(#269-#285); Tirât Yëhuda & Samaria ...................................................................56 П.Ш. 1.1 - H34 Lamps from the workshop of Tirat Yehuda; mid Уа-2па century ВСЕ (#269- Ш1Є) .............. ...........,....,:..................................„.....„....................................................................................56 П.Ш.1.2 - H34À Lamps with a single side projection (#269, #270, #271, #272 & #273)...............................57 П.ШЛ.2-Ю4В Lamps without any projection (#275)...................................,................................................57 n.m.l.3-H34CLamp(#276)................„...........,...... ...M ................................................................................57 П.Ш.2 - Ю5А, В, С & D - Samaria type lamps, mid 2nd-lst century ВСЕ (80 ВСЕ) Џ2П-Ш6) ....................58 П.Ш.2.1 -H35A Short with side projections, nozzles decorated with a hanging pattern .................................58 П.Ш.2.2-Н35В Lamps without the side projection, resembling pegs . ........................................................59 ШП.2.3 - H35C Miniature lamps (#280-#282) ...................:..............................,..........................................59 11^.2.4-11350 Lamp with a loop handle (discussed also under (#33A) (#267)...........................................59 П.Ш.З - H36 -H41 The Jerusalem Workshop 2nd-lst centuries BCE-l8 century CE. (#287-#347) ...................59 П.Ш.3.1 -H36 Lamps with single left side flat projections; 2nd-lst centuries ВСЕ.... .....................................59 П.Ш.3.1.1-Н36А Diminished projection............. ...........................................................................................60 П.Ш.3.2 - H37 Lamps with a marked double widening or just marked; late 2nd - 1st century все .............:......:.,.....:.„..........................;..................................................................................................61 П.Ш.3.2.1 - H37A Lamps with slightly widened shoulders.. .............-..............................................................61 П.Ш.З.З ·.- H38 Circular shaped lamps 2nd-lst century ВСЕ ............................................................................62 П.Ш.3.4 - H39 Circular lamps with a very short nozzle, Is century BCE-ť century CE П.Ш.3.5 - H40 Lamps with a circular body, a narrow channel (wide groove) between the double ring-rim, marked projections , late 2nd-lst century BCE-l8 century CE.. ...................;........................62 П.Ш.3 .6 - H41A & B -С Circular lamps with a wide flange/ channel around the filling hole; end of 1st century BCE-l5 century CE ........:.................................................................................................,........63 П.Ш.3.6.1 - H41B Miscellenious (#324, #325, #326, #327 & 329).................................................................63 П.Ш.3.6.2 - Summary ..................■„..................................................................................................................63 П.Ш.3.6.3 - H41C Miscellenous lamps (#348)...............................................................................................64 11.111.3.6.4- Summary -H36-H41 ......................................................;.............................................................64 Chapter 8 n.IV Mould made: Late Hellenistic Imported lamps n.rV.l - H42A-G Ephesus type lamps, last quarter of the 2nd- into the 1st century ВСЕ. Broneer Type ХГХ, Howland Type 49A (#349-#369) .............................................................................·......................66 nXV.l.l - H42A Ending in a pointed triangle (Ѓ349-Ѓ258).... .........................................................................66 ШУЛ-г-ЈШВ With circular tip of nozzle (#359 &Fig.38) ..........................................................................67 II.rV.1 .3 - H42C Lamp within cradle lamp (#361)...........................................................................................67 ІШЛА - H42D Variations (#362 &#363) .....................................................................................................67 Π.ΐν.1.5~Η42Ε Variations (#369 & #370).....................................................................................................67 njV.1.6 - H42F Variation (#366)....................................................................................................................68 П.ГУЛ .7 -H42G Variations (#367 & #368).....................................................................................................68 ILIV.1.8-H42H Variation ^39)..................................................■.......................................·.............,-.....68 Bibliography .....,...........................................................................................................................................■........71 Map of the sites showing distribution of the types included in the catalogue ........................................................81 Table of sites; lamp types and dates.,«.,,...-.. ......„,„.........................................................-......................................82 Concordance table of catalogue entries and sites ,....,...............................................................·.....·..........·............83 Catalogue .....,.„„„„„„„„.-.......,„.„,.„..„,................................................................................■.............................96 Plates ......................................................................................................................................................... -Л62 iv Introduction This catalogue of closed pottery oil lamps follows the previous volume of Saucer Lamps 1 and contains mainly intact oil lamps discovered in excavations, and listed with the Antiquities Authority up to. the year 1988. The volume includes Archaic Greek and Hellenistic lamps made in Eastern Greece in the late 7-$. centuries ВСЕ; mainland Greece; Classical Greece of the б 1·^* centuries ВСЕ; and lamps made after the conquest of the East by Alexander the Great (333-332 ВСЕ) to the Roman conquest (1st century BCE-early 1st century CE), during which both civilizations - of the West and the East - merged into what is known as the Hellenistic period and the Hellenistic culture. The origin of the idea of turning an everyday common vessel, the bowl, into a special vessel meant for lighting, the lamp, came from the East. It was done with minimum effort, just slightly pinching the bowl s rim which, with minimum changes, lasted from the late Chalcolithic period to the end of the first millenium ВСЕ (this lamp form was made sporadically in later periods as well). At the end of the Iron Age and during the Persian period, from the 7th century ВСЕ, a new lamp production center came into existence in Eastern Greece (Anatolia, in Turkey), later expanding to mainland Greece. These new lamp production centers used a completely different technique in fashioning lamps. This revolution ended.in a complete physical change of the lamp; instead of pinching at one point to create a wick rest, the new process bent the entire circumference of the bowl inward, ending in a closed vessel. The change was slow and gradual, lasting at least to the 5th century ВСЕ. This closed lamp also firmly stood the test of time while undergoing evolutionary changes of form. This new. lamp industry quickly supplanted the east from its hegemony in lamp production, capturing its markets and bringing it to an end. We suggest that even the small proportion of lamps imported during the Persian period in the 6* century ВСЕ put pressure on local production; producers and consumers learned that new types of oil lamps, better and more efficient, were on their way. And indeed, these imported lamps gradually replaced the local industry; in the provincia Syria-Palestina, local lamps were almost entirely replaced by the new imported merchandise - unlike other pottery vessels that continued to be made locally with minor changes. , In the southern part of the Mediterranean, particularly North Africa,2 the Punic oil lamp, made in the old pinching technique, remained popular. Combined with the new bending process, another version of a closed lamp emerged, lasting from the 4th-2nd centuries ВСЕ. They slightly resemble the ] of the 3r-1st centuries ВСЕ. local Hellenistic pinched lamp We suggest several reasons for the closing of the lamps: preventing the precious combustable material, the oil, from spilling out; diminishing its size, making the lamp more transportable; and creating a better protected place for the wick. This technical change brought about the separation of the lamps into two parts, each having a function: an oil receptacle, with a wide opening through which oil was poured to fill it, and another smaller hole, pierced at the end of a protrusion for inserting the wick, called the nozzle. This idea had already been tried in the East in the Late Bronze/Iron I -П periods,3 and again in the Hellenistic period, by pinching an ordinary bowl. The Greek way of closing the bowl was similar to lamps made in early-middle Minoan culture in Crete,4 which may have served as a prototype to the Greek industry. This was fashioned by using a small saucer or bowl. The bowl used in Greece was of an Attic-Black glazed ware, typical of Greek Classical pottery. Lamps produced in Athens and Corinth were made in known and dated . workshops, and signed by the potters who made them.5 Imported lamps serve as important tools in the dating and chronology of lamps and other finds found outside Greece, including our own region (which we will call the Levant, enclosing The Holy land, Lebanon, Syria and / Jordan). As yet, we are unable to determine the exact date í of arrival of these products into the Levant. The lamps were part of the East Greek and later mainland Greek commerce along the Mediterranean coast, brought by new settlers or merchants who settled in Mesad Hashavyahu.6 (Figs.1-4) Their different shape and ware make them easy to identify, distinguishing them from local lamps; imitations were identified by their inferior quality, or the different clays from which the oil lamps were made. The number of imported oil lamps into the country prior to the Hellenistic period is rather small. The early Greek lamp industry, and the later Hellenistic ones, lasted until replaced by the flourishing new Roman lamp industry in the second half of the 1st century ВСЕ. The rival industry in Rome was taken over relatively quickly in the 2 century CE by the Greeks, becoming once more a leading power owing to their creative ability. The lamps were as good as the originals made in Rome. The main workshops were in Corinth in the 2nd century CE, and later in Athens. 1 Sussmau, 2007, 2 Deneave J. D., 1969, Carthage, Pis. XVII-XII. 3 Sussman, 2007. lamps pp.1507-1581. Oliata, 1967, Zeror, Vol. II, Pls.X:9,10 and XXVIII; Yanai, 1995; Sussman, 2007, Fig.6.34 and note 1 above. 4 Person, 1942, Crete. 5 Howland, 1958^.3-4. Naveh, 1962, Mesad Hashavyahu, pp.89-1 13, Fig.8:l-4.
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discipline	Architektur Klassische Archäologie
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geographic	Israel Antiquities Griechenland Altertum (DE-588)4093976-5 gnd Palästina (DE-588)4044381-4 gnd
geographic_facet	Israel Antiquities Griechenland Altertum Palästina
id	DE-604.BV035862758
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-07-09T22:06:24Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9781407305905
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018720578
oclc_num	492142947
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188
owner_facet	DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188
physical	IV, 201 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
psigel	gbd_4_0912
publishDate	2009
publishDateSearch	2009
publishDateSort	2009
publisher	Archaeopress
record_format	marc
series2	British archaeological reports / International series
spelling	Zusman, Ṿardah Verfasser (DE-588)13998190X aut Greek and Hellenistic wheel- and mould-made closed oil lamps in the Holy Land collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority Varda Sussman Oxford [u.a.] Archaeopress 2009 IV, 201 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier British archaeological reports / International series 2015 Israel. Rashut ha-ʻatiḳot Funde Lamps, Classical Israel Lamps, Hellenistic Israel Öllampe (DE-588)4060401-9 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Israel Antiquities Griechenland Altertum (DE-588)4093976-5 gnd rswk-swf Palästina (DE-588)4044381-4 gnd rswk-swf Lampen, griechische & römische (DE-2581)TH000008261 gbd Museen & Sammlungen (DE-2581)TH000008291 gbd Palästina (DE-588)4044381-4 g Öllampe (DE-588)4060401-9 s Griechenland Altertum (DE-588)4093976-5 g Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s DE-604 International series British archaeological reports 2015 (DE-604)BV023549802 2015 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018720578&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Zusman, Ṿardah Greek and Hellenistic wheel- and mould-made closed oil lamps in the Holy Land collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority Israel. Rashut ha-ʻatiḳot Funde Lamps, Classical Israel Lamps, Hellenistic Israel Öllampe (DE-588)4060401-9 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4060401-9 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4093976-5 (DE-588)4044381-4
title	Greek and Hellenistic wheel- and mould-made closed oil lamps in the Holy Land collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority
title_auth	Greek and Hellenistic wheel- and mould-made closed oil lamps in the Holy Land collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority
title_exact_search	Greek and Hellenistic wheel- and mould-made closed oil lamps in the Holy Land collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority
title_full	Greek and Hellenistic wheel- and mould-made closed oil lamps in the Holy Land collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority Varda Sussman
title_fullStr	Greek and Hellenistic wheel- and mould-made closed oil lamps in the Holy Land collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority Varda Sussman
title_full_unstemmed	Greek and Hellenistic wheel- and mould-made closed oil lamps in the Holy Land collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority Varda Sussman
title_short	Greek and Hellenistic wheel- and mould-made closed oil lamps in the Holy Land
title_sort	greek and hellenistic wheel and mould made closed oil lamps in the holy land collection of the israel antiquities authority
title_sub	collection of the Israel Antiquities Authority
topic	Israel. Rashut ha-ʻatiḳot Funde Lamps, Classical Israel Lamps, Hellenistic Israel Öllampe (DE-588)4060401-9 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd
topic_facet	Israel. Rashut ha-ʻatiḳot Funde Lamps, Classical Israel Lamps, Hellenistic Israel Öllampe Israel Antiquities Griechenland Altertum Palästina
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018720578&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV023549802
work_keys_str_mv	AT zusmanvardah greekandhellenisticwheelandmouldmadeclosedoillampsintheholylandcollectionoftheisraelantiquitiesauthority

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