Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem: (polsko-litewsko-białorusko-ukraińskie losy od XV do początków XX wieku) : kurs 14 wykładów
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Zielona Góra
Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego
2009
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Transformations of Western European cultural borderlands between Bug and rivers Daugava and Dnieper |
| Beschreibung: | 498 s. il. - Ill. 24 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788374812474 |
Internformat
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| 264 | 1 | |a Zielona Góra |b Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego |c 2009 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
.7
1
Nowa Europa
-
Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia w kontekście europejskim
w
X-XX
wieku. Jej wymiar historyczny i polityczny
.15
2
Społeczeństwo i gospodarka na ziemiach litewskich, białoruskich
i ukraińskich w
XVI-XX
wieku
.47
3
Oświata na ziemiach litewskich, białoruskich i ukraińskich
w dobie Baroku, Oświecenia i Romantyzmu (do
1831
roku)
.75
4
Szkolnictwo po powstaniu listopadowym na ziemiach zabranych
(1832-1914) .103
5
Szkice z dziejów piśmiennictwa i kultury w
XVI-XVIII
wieku
na ziemiach litewskich, białoruskich i ukraińskich
.129
6
Piśmiennictwo wielu narodów na ziemiach dawnej Rzeczypospolitej
->
cechy etniczne i wspólne
(ХІХ-ХХ
wiek)
.157
7
Religia a społeczeństwo od
XVI
do
XVIII
wieku w W. Ks. Litewskim
i na ziemiach ruskich Korony
.181
8
Kościoły, wyznania a społeczeństwo w czasach zaborów
i międzywojnia
.207
9
Grupy etniczne na ziemiach litewsko-białorasko-ukraińskich
-
Karaimi, Tatarzy, Ormianie, Żydzi
-
Polacy od
XV
do
XVIII
wieku
. 233
10
Polacy, Karaimi, Żydzi, Tatarzy w kontekście tradycji narodowo-
-wyznaniowych na byłych ziemiach wschodnich I Rzeczypospolitej,
w okresie zaborów i
II
RP (do
17
września
1939
roku)
.257
Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem
11
Cechy specyficzne świadomości narodowej na ziemiach wschodnich
Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w
XVI-XVIII
wieku
.285
12
Kierunki przemian etniczno-światopoglądowych ludności
na ziemiach litewskich, białoruskich i ukraińskich
od końca
XVIII
do
XX
wieku
.313
13
Architektura i sztuka
-
jej przynależność do cywilizacji europejskiej
w pochodzie na wschód od
XV
do
XVIII
wieku
.347
14
Zachodnie i polskie dziedzictwo architektury i sztuki
na wschodzie w
XIX
i
XX
wieku
.371
Zakończenie: „Kresy"
-
spory o mit i tradycję
.397
Aneks: Polacy z ziem litewskich, białoruskich, ukraińskich
i rosyjskich od
XVI
do
XIX
wieku
.411
Ważniejsze źródła i literatura
.457
Indeks osobowy
.467
Summary
TRANSFORMATIONS OF
WESTERN
EUROPEAN CULTURAL
BORDERLANDS BETWEEN BUG AND RIVERS DAUGAVA
AND DNIEPER
.491
Summary
TRANSFORMATIONS OF WESTERN EUROPEAN
CULTURAL BORDERLANDS BETWEEN BUG
AND RIVERS DAUGAVA AND DNIEPER
In a series of
15
lectures which are aiming for synthesis vital socio-cultural
processes from shared and separate histories of Lithuanians, Belarusians, Ukrainians
and Poles are introduced (XV-XX century). It is a voice in a debate concerning the
state of research of civilization transformations caused by the West and hard-to-depict
transformations of ethnic ideas. The book is a tribute to all those researchers who,
despite limitations, try to present the topic objectively. As a result of influx of Western
civilization currents onto local ground a new multinational and multi-religious com¬
munity was formed. Its features and its durability presented themselves during the
clash of cultures after the Russian invasion in the mid-17th century, especially in
forms of Polishness evidenced during the partitions. Not always was the intention of
leading the lectures up till August the 17th
1939
achieved and the storing of common
tradition by the pro-independence exile after WWII is only being noted
The first lecture shows the place and characteristic features of Central-East
Europe against the broad background of the history of Europe, which was fully-
formed from 8th century (the Roman Church, the Greek-Latin civilization, including
the law and the concept of human freedom). Up till the Tartar invasion, it constitut¬
ed a unified area along with the Kievan
Rus'
region, despite the separation of church¬
es on eastern and western church in mid-11th century. The European idea slowly
started to germinate after the christening of the pagan Grand Duchy of Lithuania fol¬
lowing the Union of Krewo
(1385).
Great cultural transformations discussed in turns
indicate permanent shift of the Western civilization border to the east, onto the basin
of Trans-Dnieper and Daugava regions. The western direction was formed by
Giediminid dynasty when they were facing the Teutonic Knights Order and when
they chose the union with the Polish Crown in spite of the majority, which was
fol-
492
Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem
lowing the Orthodox Church. Later it had a chance of survival on the terrains
of southern
Ruthenia,
which is confirmed (despite the Cossacks uprising and wars)
by the union of three nations (Poland, Lithuania and
Ruthenia)
signed in Hadziacz
(1659/1659)
and approved by the
Sejm
(the Parliament) of the Polish
Commonwealth.
■ ,
The second lecture shows socioeconomic transformations in a long period, first
on the former territories of Belarus and Lithuania and then in Ukraine, during the
consolidation of a feudal serfdom model of economy. The noble class, which had
been given privileges similar to those possessed by the nobility of the Polish Crown,
was also formed. Magnates, who represented the traditions of political independence
after the end of
Jagiellon
dynasty, held most of the power (houses of
Sapieha,
Рас
or
Radziwiłł).
The model of state was shaped in turn by collections of laws (I, II, III
Lithuanian Statute) which included the laws of townsmen, peasants, Tartars, Jews,
Catholics, members of the Orthodox church and people of other faiths. The I Statute
had been in effect until
1840,
when tsarist Russia with a wholly different social struc¬
ture (noblemen have to serve the country, peasants are slaves) presented a plan of get¬
ting rid of the landless, unauthorized nobility
-
the foundation of formed cultural
model. In the Enlightenment period the most polonized Lithuanian and
Ruthenian
magnate, families worked to reform the education and economy. A Tyzenhauz
reformed royal properties to a European model with the centre in Grodno (until
1780).
After the November Uprising tsarist government left in Ukraine only
70
out of
410
thousands of Polish and polonized noblemen. After
1863
Poles were forbidden
to buy land and were given other restrictions. Still, they tried to upgrade their farms,
especially in Lithuanian and Belarusian provinces, where the modernization was
based on Agricultural Companies from which a lot of Russians benefitted.
Lectures
3
and
4
depict the state of education on Lithuanian, Ukrainian and
Belarusian lands. First from 16th century till
1832,
when the Scientific Tsarist Vilnius.
District was liquidated
(72
secondary schools,
259
district schools, gymnasium in
Krzemieniec,
the Vilnius University). Its Polish nature and spirit was an example for
5
districts of tsarist Russia.
50
of the secondary schools were managed by monks.
After the dissolution in
1773
Catherine II left
5
Jesuit colleges on Belarusian terrains
and one in
Dyneburg
up until 1820's. The academy in
Połock
left a heritage consi¬
sting of Polish publications and students with a Western education. Catholic educa¬
tion
-
two cathedral schools (Samogitia and Lithuania), parish schools, catholic
schools, and broadly from 17th century also Jesuit colleges, Basilian colleges and an
Orthodox
Mohyla
Academy in Kiev
-
taught future Polish-, Latin- and Ruthenian-
speaking teachers, activists etc The most important was the Jesuit school in Vilnius
Summary
and
-
after the dissolution of the order, from its funds
-
also the educational didactic
centre of elementary and secondary schools which was founded by the National
Education Committee.
After the November Uprising, when the education was Russified, old traditions
persisted. When printing with Latin fonts was banned
(1865)
the number of secret
Polish and Lithuanian schools increased and so did the range of home education, and
the tsarist government started to support the education in Lithuanian language after
it had granted freehold to peasants
(1863).
In the second half of the 19th century the
noble youth from Ukraine preferred Russian technical education institutions because
they were closer and their standards were already high, or
,
if they could afford it, even
foreign schools. Peasant Orthodox and Catholic children were not given the chance
to study, even more on Belarusian and Ukrainian lands than in
Galicia.
Education
started spreading after
1905
thanks to social initiative.
Cultural transformations and the development of writing (lecture
5)
precipitated
first in the mid-16th century on central Lithuanian and Belarusian terrains (Protestant
printing houses, which printed in Polish language and the biggest publishing house of
Vilnius Jesuit Academy). In 17th century handwritten Cyrillic manuscripts were in
majority, though after a half a century break
Ruthenian
printing industry emerged
(1519-1525 -
the Vilnius print shop of
Franciszek Skoryna,
a doctor from Padua). The
chronicles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were written in Cyrillic and in the mid-
16th century they were also written down in Polish by
Maciej Stryjkowski
and in Latin
by Augustus Rotundus. By
1660
six Catholic publishing houses had printed around
55%
of all the printed materials,
10
Protestant printing houses
- 10%
and
9
Orthodox
- 12%.
Latin printings had made up
37%
of all the printings and Polish
had made up
44%.
About
39
titles had been printing written in Lithuanian language
and about
54
(dating from
1547)
in Prussia. Bibles and worldwide known literature
(Calvin, Cicero, Lipsius, Erasmus from Rotterdam etc) were printed in Polish lan¬
guage. When Orthodox
Mohyla
Academy, as well as Greek Catholic schools which
used
Ruthenian,
Latin and Polish languages were founded the number of Russian
authors using those languages increased to about
60%
of all writers. This culture con¬
tinued to influence the Rusian terrains, even when Polish borders were moved. The
typical phenomenon in 18th century was printing of many translated reprints in
Polish, as well as writing memoirs in polish by students of Jesuit colleges. Polish lan¬
guage made up about
50%
of all printing industry production, whereas Latin made
up about
35%
and Cyrillic
10%.
The number of publications in Samogitian dialect
increased and so did the number of Jewish printing houses on southern
Ruthenian
lands.
494
Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem
The literature of the Enlightenment and Romanticism periods revealed the orig¬
inality of local artists and also the centre of Lithuanian culture of a Samogitian bi¬
shop Jouzapas Arnulfas Giedraitis. The Little Russian literature praised the past of the
Cossack Hetmanate and the Ukrainian lands from the 10th century up till
1768
(Istorija
Rusów).
Romantic literature glorified folklore and originality of Lithuanian-
Belarasian lands as well as the history of Lithuania in Polish language and in the
printing house of
Józef Zawadzki
mostly Polish publications were printed. They were
later also sold in Russian cities by other booksellers. In the second half of the 19th
century writings in Polish language relinquished to writings in national languages as
the effect of tsarist restrictions. The ban of printing with a Latin font
(1865-1905)
spurred the Lithuanian writing and literature which was mostly imported from
Prussia (approximately
2000
titles), and to a lesser degree also Belarusian and Little
Russian literatures. Still, a multinational intelligentsia continued to benefit from
Polish works. However works of
Kraszewski
-
an admirer of Lithuania who accepted
the actions of Lithuanian intelligentsia
-
seemed more influential than Mickiewicz's
pieces. Ukrainian works from the mid- 19th century
(Taras Szewczenko)
was rooted in
notions of defending the people and the awareness of a culture higher than Russian.
The faith of the catholic church on the terrains of Red
Ruthenia
and Lithuania
was shown in a broad perspective (lecture
7
and
8)
from 14th century; from the chris¬
tening after the Union of Krewo and the founding of Vilnius bishopric
(1387)
up till
the mid- 16th century when the number of parishes was
259,
up till the period of the
partitions of Poland. It was a period of closing down of the monasteries, temples, the
liquidation of the Greek Catholic church
(1839)
the conversion of temples into
Orthodox churches. Despite the pressures of the Reformation, after the bringing of
Jesuits in
1569
missionary actions involved vast terrains of the Orthodox Church
(after the union of the two Churches
- 1596).
In
1772
there were about
550
parishes
in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and about
750
in Lviv diocese. The introduction of
the rules of the Roman Catholic Church
-
the cult of the saints (including the local
ones), the rich catholic rites, the cult of the Holy Mary, especially the Blessed Virgin
Mary Mother of Mercy from the Gate of Dawn in
Wilno
since the mid-17th century
after the destructions of Vilnius by Russians and Cossacks
-
to believers of many dif¬
ferent nationalities effected in religious syncretism. The Greek Catholic Church
(which possessed
9452
parishes at the eastern borders of the Polish Commonwealth
in
1772),
abandoned by the noblemen who converted to Catholicism, became the
foundation on which the Ukrainian and Belarusian nationality was being formed. The
number of Orthodox church believers (about
60%
of the whole) had reduced drasti¬
cally to about
500
thousand in
1772.
It was increasing however since the mid-19th
Summary
495
century in the period of intense
Russification
after the dissolution of the union in
1839.
After the acts of persecution of Greek Catholics and Roman Catholics the popes
decided to sign a concordat
(1837-1863).
The persecuted Catholicism moved along
with the Poles to the terrains of Russia and Siberia onto the Pacific Ocean. The
Orthodox Church captured first the lands of the Greek Catholics in Ukraine and the
biggest progress for the ethnical consolidation of the Samogithians and Lithuanians
showed the Roman Catholic bishops (Macej
Wołonczewski).
Poles and Polonized
autochthons were the backbone of the Roman Catholic Church after
1863.
The Greek
Catholic Church existed in
Galicia,
and its members preserved Ukrainian, national
self-consciousness (metropolitan
Andrzej Szczeptycki).
Lecture
9
presents distinctive features of the diverse ethnical composition of peo¬
ple from Lithuanian-Belarusian lands, starting from the smallest group of the Karaites
(the beginning
ori
5th century), then Armenians
-
from 13th century as merchants in
Red
Ruthenia
-
after the union of two Churches
(1630)
they were Polonized very fast.
Tartars were socially the most diverse group, and their Polonized elites had also free¬
dom of religion and were distinguished in military service. As a result of acts of toler¬
ance, Jews started to settle in 14th century. They had their own
Sejm
(the Parliament),
self-government and laws given to them in the III Lithuanian Statute After the
Moscow war in
1676
there were
32
thousands of them and at the end of 18th centu¬
ry their number grew to
250
thousands. The knowledge of high esteem of Judaism
(Gaon from Vilnius), famous Talmud schools and the founding of a mystical move¬
ment of Hasidism in 18th century, as well as the Enlightenment activity of Jews is also
not widely spread. The presence of Poles
-
the noblemen as strangers (the III Statute
from the year
1588)
was tolerated with reluctance. They played a role however as
leaders of the Reformation, writers, printers, economists, secular priests, clergymen,
craftsmen, artists etc For example,
40%
of craftsmen among Jesuits came from The
Polish Crown.
Lecture
10
is mostly dedicated to Poles and to Polishness' in 19th century. The
term „Pole" denoted a person coming from Polish lands, but also Polonized
Lithuanians and Belarusians. On Ukrainian lands there was a stronger division on
strangers and indigenous peasants. Tsarist authorities couldn't eradicate Polishness.
The list of citizens of the empire from
1897
(for which the criteria were language and
belief) showed that about a million citizens in western provinces and
65
thousand in
Russia and Siberia were Poles. History of Poles, besides their fate of prisoners and con¬
victs, have also another aspect to them, as Poles contributed to the development of
the empire with their skills and hard work. The Vilnius Region
-
a region representa¬
tive of all those lands
-
was characterized by a diverse ethnicity. In the interwar peri-
496
Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem
od
many companies and presses belonging to Karaites, Tartars and Jews existed in
Vilnius, as well as a world renown Jewish scientific institute along with a library (the
YIWO). The Jews made up about
35-40%
of the population of Vilnius whereas Poles
made up about
45%
and they made up the majority of citizens on terrains adjacent
to the town and in places of encounters with the Belarusian ethnicity. The bulk of
Jews gathered in Ukrainian towns
(70-80%
of their general public) because of their
isolation in
25
provinces of western and central Russia. Since
1882
they were driven
out, they were subjects of pogroms and they migrated to
Galicia,
Polish Kingdom,
Germany and the United States. They have transplanted their customs and traditions
(theatre, music, satires) onto the lands they've visited and they've created foundations
for theatrical and film industry
(8
companies in Hollywood belonged to them). In the
interwar period, many assimilated Jews strengthened the numbers of intelligentsia on
Polish lands.
In lecture
11
and
12
specific features of Lithuanian,
Ruthenian
and Polish
national identities are presented, beginning from the Union of Lublin
(1595)
and end¬
ing at the interwar period. The Reformation livened Lithuanian national identity and
in 15th century, next to chronicles written in Cyrillic there existed also a „Roman" le¬
gend concerning the origins of Lithuanians (from the times of Nero). Taking part in
common causes resulted in a double
-
or, in the case of Livonia, even triple
-
identi¬
ty
(Gente Lithuanus
(Ruthenus) natione
Polonus).
The lands of the Grand Duchy of
Lithuania were assimilated to the Polish Crown (Podolia, Volhynia, and the regions of
Kiev) after the magnates and noblemen had taken over those properties along with
the peasants. Those terrains, which had belonged to free people and Cossacks till that
moment started to become the cradle of Ukrainian nationality, which was based in
the legend of the Hetmanate and in opposition to the government, the Orthodox
Church, acts of vandalism and plunder on those lands, and the exile of people by the
Russian army (after
1655).
Cossacks that were educated in Jesuit colleges and Basilian
schools used polish language in their country. Cossack elite wanted rights equal to
those of the nobility, but paradoxically Ukrainian national rebirth started thanks to
them. Lithuanian historians stress the role that Little Lithuania in Prussia played for
the national identity, especially in 18th century (poem
Vietai
by K. Donelaitis).
Since the Enlightenment, the role of the freemasonic lodges is being highlighted.
Supporters of Czartoryski family, members of National Education Committee, king
Stanisław
August Poniatowski, members of the Polish parliament all belonged to the
lodge. Until
1821,
in the times of the liberal Alexander the 1st there were
3
lodges in
Vilnius and
8
symbolic lodges in
8
localizations. After
1905
the freemason movement
was very lively in Ukraine and on Lithuanian and Belarusian lands it was represented
Summary
by democrats
-
indigenes
-
supporters of creating a federation with strong cultural
ties. The end of those aspirations came with the foundation of the Lithuanian coun¬
try supported by Germany, Belarus which was supported by soviet Russia and with
the claims of all three nations to Vilnius. The military action of general
Żeligowski
was supported by local Lithuanian Poles (in
1920
in Vilnius the Poles were
56%
of
the population the Jews were
36%,
Tartars
3.1%
Lithuanians
2.3%
and Belarusians
1.4%).
The Middle Lithuania in the midst of Bolshevik war did not survive after the
Peace of Riga and supporters of the federation welcomed the act of incorporating the
Vilnius Region and parts of Belarus into the second Polish Commonwealth with grief.
Lithuania was in a state of conflict with Poland until
1938
and Belarusians and
Ukrainians
-
probably because of linguistic similarities
-
were Russified more than
Poles and Lithuanians during the period of Partitions and were later being extermi¬
nated by the USSR. Up till now the Belarusian nation hasn't developed fully while the
Ukrainian nation has got a better chance of development, based on the independence
of their country.
Lecture
13
and
14
shows the patterns of affiliation of architecture and art (both
sacral and secular) to European civilization. Since Gothic style castles till baroque
styles at the end of 17th century; since gothic style churches with the elements of
Renaissance styles to temples of all religions in baroque styles. Since the founding of
the first church in
Nieśwież
-
which had been built in a style of Jesuit baroque
-
the
baroque showed many different patterns and forms, when finally it settled in the his¬
tory of European architecture as the Vilnius baroque (since 1730's). The baroque style
spread throughout
Uniate
and Orthodox architecture up to Dnieper. Cossack elites
had a fondness for it and it was preserved by Jesuits, including artists from Poland and
from western lands. In the second half of the
1
7th and in the
1
8th century famous col¬
leges with temples were founded
(Krzemieniec, Pińsk, Brześć,
Grodno,
Łuck,
Mohylew).
Secular constructions showed signs of an European character not only in
30
magnate palaces built in
Vilnus in
18th century, but also in noble residences built
mostly by western artists. The most fashionable of classicist constructions in Ukraine
-
as opposed to more modest bricked mansions found in Lithuanian and Belarusian
lands
-
appeared almost worthy to be mistaken for king's residences
(
Tulczyn belong¬
ing to
Potoccy
family,
Kurylowce Murowane
belonging to
Komary, Wierchownia-
the
residence of
Hańscy).
Good economic conditions for agricultural goods contributed
on these lands to the multiplication of residences in the following styles: neo-Gothic
(Czerwona
belonging to
Grocholscy,) neo-Renaissance (Białokrynica
belonging to
Czosnowscy) Italian Classicism
(Rejowiec
in
Chełm
lands) etc Based on the
11
vo-
498
Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem
lume
work of R. Aftanazy (nearly
1500
residences) one may also mention furniture,
paintings, tapestries, sculptures, collections of porcelain and silver etc, which were
European in spirit). Paintings, collections and libraries were even found in typical
wooden mansions with a pillared porch from 18th century in Lithuania, Samogitia
and Livonia. Large parks were designed in a Western style (with temples, caves, water
cascades, sculptures, orangeries etc)
-
some of them may be seen till this day
-
in
Human in Ukraine and in
Połąga
at the Baltic Sea.
The conclusions consist of the author's voice regarding the terminology, the past
and expressive traditions of the eastern frontier called
„Kresy"
(meaning „the border¬
lands").
„Kresy",
consisted of Ukrainian steppes that were defending themselves from
the attacks of Tartars and Turks. Its meaning was narrowed as a result of both its lit¬
erary vision from the period of Partition and the fact that lands of the Grand Duchy
of Lithuania and
Ruthenian
lands of the Crown were becoming Russian, and soon it
was used only to denote eastern lands. Its legend was preserved by the attack of the
Soviet army to eastern terrains of the Commonwealth
(17
September
1939)
and by
the Yalta Treaty, which changed those boundaries. But the term
„kresy"
sounds bad
also for Lithuanians, even though every nation has its borderlands, which usually are
a place of a cultural, religious and ethnical encounter of two or more nationalities
divided by a political boundary. The tradition of
„kresy"
was kept among the inde¬
pendence immigration after WW2. It was being rooted out among displaced people
in western lands. There was no place for it in school programs and handbooks.
The borderlands, an area of mixed cultures and a place of development for syn¬
cretic values is also the borderland of the European civilization. It is even more expres¬
sive since it has also influenced the Russian Empire from the mid-17th century. We can
still be proud of the legend of
„kresy",
as long as we remember that not only Poles
have the right to remember their harms. We should also remember the harms of our
neighbours, especially the Ukrainians and Lithuanians.
The book is concluded by a broad list of Poles (sometimes with very foreign-
sounding surnames), who entered the
5
volume Encyclopedia of Polish Immigration
and Polish Community Abroad
(Encyklopedia Emigracji Polskiej i Polonii, red.
K. Do-
pierała, Toruń
2003-2005).
People born on those lands experienced a lot and travelled
very far in the 19th and the 20th century while still maintaining their Polish identities.
( Bayerische }
Staatsbibliothek
1 München ) |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Piechowiak Topolska, Maria Barbara 1937- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)137471378 |
| author_facet | Piechowiak Topolska, Maria Barbara 1937- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Piechowiak Topolska, Maria Barbara 1937- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035837592 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)643429470 (DE-599)BVBBV035837592 |
| era | Geschichte 1400-1918 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1400-1918 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd Belarus (DE-588)4079143-9 gnd Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ukraine Belarus Litauen Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV035837592 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-25T11:05:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788374812474 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018695987 |
| oclc_num | 643429470 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 498 s. il. - Ill. 24 cm. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Piechowiak Topolska, Maria Barbara 1937- Verfasser (DE-588)137471378 aut Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem (polsko-litewsko-białorusko-ukraińskie losy od XV do początków XX wieku) : kurs 14 wykładów Maria Barbara Topolska Zielona Góra Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego 2009 498 s. il. - Ill. 24 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Transformations of Western European cultural borderlands between Bug and rivers Daugava and Dnieper Geschichte 1400-1918 gnd rswk-swf Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd rswk-swf Belarus (DE-588)4079143-9 gnd rswk-swf Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 g Belarus (DE-588)4079143-9 g Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 g Geschichte 1400-1918 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018695987&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018695987&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Piechowiak Topolska, Maria Barbara 1937- Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem (polsko-litewsko-białorusko-ukraińskie losy od XV do początków XX wieku) : kurs 14 wykładów |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061496-7 (DE-588)4079143-9 (DE-588)4074266-0 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem (polsko-litewsko-białorusko-ukraińskie losy od XV do początków XX wieku) : kurs 14 wykładów |
| title_auth | Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem (polsko-litewsko-białorusko-ukraińskie losy od XV do początków XX wieku) : kurs 14 wykładów |
| title_exact_search | Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem (polsko-litewsko-białorusko-ukraińskie losy od XV do początków XX wieku) : kurs 14 wykładów |
| title_full | Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem (polsko-litewsko-białorusko-ukraińskie losy od XV do początków XX wieku) : kurs 14 wykładów Maria Barbara Topolska |
| title_fullStr | Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem (polsko-litewsko-białorusko-ukraińskie losy od XV do początków XX wieku) : kurs 14 wykładów Maria Barbara Topolska |
| title_full_unstemmed | Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem (polsko-litewsko-białorusko-ukraińskie losy od XV do początków XX wieku) : kurs 14 wykładów Maria Barbara Topolska |
| title_short | Przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiędzy Bugiem a Dźwiną i Dnieprem |
| title_sort | przemiany zachodnioeuropejskiego pogranicza kulturowego pomiedzy bugiem a dzwina i dnieprem polsko litewsko bialorusko ukrainskie losy od xv do poczatkow xx wieku kurs 14 wykladow |
| title_sub | (polsko-litewsko-białorusko-ukraińskie losy od XV do początków XX wieku) : kurs 14 wykładów |
| topic_facet | Ukraine Belarus Litauen Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018695987&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018695987&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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