International legal standards for the protection from refoulement: a legal analysis of the prohibitions on refoulement contained in the Refugee Convention, the European Convention on Human rights, the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Antwerpen [u.a.]
Intersentia
2009
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 638 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789050958769 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Wouters, Cornelis Wolfram |d 1970- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)138698600 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a International legal standards for the protection from refoulement |b a legal analysis of the prohibitions on refoulement contained in the Refugee Convention, the European Convention on Human rights, the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture |c C. W. Wouters |
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| 630 | 0 | 7 | |a Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention |f 1950 November 4 |0 (DE-588)4015727-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 630 | 0 | 7 | |a Convention relating to the Status of Refugees |f 1951 Juli 28 |0 (DE-588)4202085-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 630 | 0 | 7 | |a Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment |f 1984 Dezember 10 |0 (DE-588)4223209-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 630 | 0 | 7 | |a International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |f 1966 Dezember 19 |0 (DE-588)4202902-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Refoulement-Verbot |0 (DE-588)4140433-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention |f 1950 November 4 |0 (DE-588)4015727-1 |D u |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |f 1966 Dezember 19 |0 (DE-588)4202902-8 |D u |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment |f 1984 Dezember 10 |0 (DE-588)4223209-0 |D u |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Refoulement-Verbot |0 (DE-588)4140433-6 |D s |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140790006415360 |
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| adam_text | INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STANDARDS FOR THE PROTECTION FROM REFOULEMENT A
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROHIBITIONS ON REFOULEMENT CONTAINED IN THE
REFUGEE CONVENTION, THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS, THE
INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AND THE CONVENTION
AGAINST TORTURE C.W. WOUTERS INTERSENTIA ANTWERP - OXFORD - PORTLAND
TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS XK 1 - INTRODUCTION
1 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY 1 1.1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 2 1.1.2
RESEARCH QUESTIONS 3 1.1.3 METHODOLOGY OF AND SOURCES FOR THE STUDY 4
1.1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 5 1.1.5 STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK 5
1.2 RELEVANT GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES 6 1.2.1 THE
INTERPRETATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES 7 1.2.1.1 GENERAL RULES OF
TREATY INTERPRETATION 7 1.2.1.2 INTERPRETATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES
11 1.2.1.3 THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL MONITORING OR SUPERVISORY BODIES 13
1.2.2 INDIVIDUAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE OBLIGATIONS OF STATES 14 1.2.3 THE
PERSONAL, TERRITORIAL AND EXTRA-TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
TREATIES 16 1.2.3.1 PERSONAL SCOPE 16 1.2.3.2 TERRITORIAL SCOPE 16
1.2.3.3 EXTRA-TERRITORIAL SCOPE 18 1.2.3.3A EFFECTIVE CONTROL OVER
FOREIGN TERRITORY 19 1.2.3.3B ATTRIBUTION OF CONDUCT 20 1.2.4
RESERVATIONS AND DECLARATIONS MADE TO INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS TREATY
PROVISIONS 22 1.3 GENERAL REMARKS ON THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT 23
1.3.1 THE CONCEPT OF ASYLUM 23 1.3.2 THE CONCEPT OF REFOULEMENT 25
1.3.2.1 THE HARM FROM WHICH A PERSON IS PROTECTED 26 1.3.2.2 THE ELEMENT
OF RISK 26 1.3.2.3 NATIONAL PROTECTION 26 1.3.2.3A INTERNAL PROTECTION
ALTERNATIVE 26 1.3.2.3B DIPLOMATIC ASSURANCES TO GUARANTEE SAFETY 26
1.3.2.4 THE ABSOLUTE OR NON-ABSOLUTE CHARACTER OF THE PROHIBITION ON
REFOULEMENT 28 1.3.2.5 THE CHARACTER AND CONTENT OF THE STATES
OBLIGATIONS DERIVING FROM THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT 29 1.3.2.6
EXTRADITION AND A CONFLICT OF TREATY OBLIGATIONS 30 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
- 1951 CONVENTION RELATING TO THE STATUS OF REFUGEES AND THE 1967
PROTOCOL RELATING TO THE STATUS OF REFUGEES 33 2.1 INTRODUCTION 33 2.1.1
PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT UNDER THE REFUGEE CONVENTION 33 2.1.2 A BRIEF
INTRODUCTION TO THE REFUGEE CONVENTION 34 2.1.2.1 OBJECT AND PURPOSE 35
2.1.2.2 CONTENT AND STRUCTURE 36 2.1.2.3 RESERVATIONS AND DECLARATIONS
37 2.1.3 INTERNATIONAL SOURCES FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF THE REFUGEE
CONVENTION 37 2.1.3.1 THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES
(UNHCR) 39 2.1.3.1A UNHCR DOCUMENTATION 42 2.1.3.2 THE EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER S PROGRAMME 44 2.2 PERSONAL AND
(EXTRA-)TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF ARTICLE 33 OF THE REFUGEE CONVENTION 46
2.2.1 PERSONAL SCOPE 46 2.2.2 THE TERRITORIAL AND EXTRA-TERRITORIAL
SCOPE OF ARTICLE 33(1) OF THE REFUGEE CONVENTION 48 2.3 THE CONTENT OF
THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT UNDER ARTICLE 33 OF THE REFUGEE
CONVENTION 56 2.3.1 THE HARM FROM WHICH A PERSON IS PROTECTED: BEING
PERSECUTED FOR REASONS OF RACE, RELIGION, NATIONALITY, MEMBERSHIP OF A
PARTICULAR SOCIAL GROUP OR POLITICAL OPINION 57 2.3.1.1 PERSECUTION 57
2.3.1.1A PERSECUTION AS A CRIME CONTAINED IN THE ICC STATUTE AND ICTY
JURISPRUDENCE 67 2.3.1.1B PROSECUTION AND PUNISHMENT AMOUNTING TO
PERSECUTION 68 2.3.1.2 PERSECUTION REASONS 7 2.3.1.2A RACE 72 2.3.1.2B
RELIGION 72 2.3.1.2C NATIONALITY 72 2.3.1.2D MEMBERSHIP OF A PARTICULAR
SOCIAL GROUP 72 2.3.1.2E POLITICAL OPINION 75 2.3.1.2F PERCEIVED OR
ATTRIBUTED PERSECUTION GROUNDS 7 ^ 2.3.1.3 BEING PERSECUTED FOR REASONS
OF 76 2.3.1.4 ACTORS OF PERSECUTION 80 2.3.2 THE ELEMENT OF RISK 82
2.3.2.1 DEFINING THE RISK: A WELL-FOUNDED FEAR 83 2.3.2.1A OBJECTIVITY
AND PROSPECTIVITY 83 2.3.2.1B INDIVIDUALISATION, MASS INFLUX AND GROUP
PERSECUTION 87 2.3.2.1C REQUIRED FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES TO MEET THE
NECESSARY LEVEL OF RISK 89 2.3.2.ID REFUGEES SUR PLACE 89 2.3.2.2
STANDARD AND BURDEN OF PROOF 90 2.3.2.2A ISSUES OF CREDIBILITY 90
2.3.2.2B ISSUES OF EVIDENCE 93 2.3.2.2C BURDEN OF PROOF 95 2.3.2.2D
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHILDREN AND WOMEN 98 TABLE OF CONTENTS XI
2.3.2.3 AT WHAT POINT IN TIME MUST THE RISK BE ASSESSED? 99 2.3.2.4
PROTECTION FROM THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN (NATIONAL PROTECTION) 99 23.2A&
INTERNAL PROTECTION ALTERNATIVE 104 2.3.2.4B DIPLOMATIC ASSURANCES TO
GUARANTEE SAFETY 110 2.3.3 EXCEPTIONS TO THE RIGHT TO BE PROTECTED FROM
REFOULEMENT 113 2.3.3.1 DANGER TO THE COUNTRY OF REFUGE OR ITS COMMUNITY
(ARTICLE 33(2) OF THE REFUGEE CONVENTION) 113 2.3.3.1A DANGER TO THE
NATIONAL SECURITY 115 2.3.3.1B DANGER TO THE COMMUNITY 116 2.3.3.2
EXCLUSION FROM REFUGEE PROTECTION: ARTICLE ID AND E OF THE REFUGEE
CONVENTION 118 2.3.3.2A ARTICLE ID OF THE REFUGEE CONVENTION 118
2.3.3.2B ARTICLE IE OF THE REFUGEE CONVENTION 120 2.3.3.3 EXCLUSION FROM
REFUGEE STATUS: ARTICLE IF OF THE REFUGEE CONVENTION 120 2.3.3.3A
ARTICLE LF(A): CRIMES AGAINST PEACE, WAR CRIMES AND CRIMES AGAINST
HUMANITY 122 2.3.3.3B ARTICLE LF(B): SERIOUS NON-POLITICAL CRIMES 124
2.3.3.3C ARTICLE LF(C): ACTS CONTRARY TO THE PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES OF
THE UNITED NATIONS 126 2.3.3.3D INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR EXCLUDABLE
ACTS AND THE STANDARD AND BURDEN OF PROOF 126 2.3.3.3E CONSIDERATIONS OF
PROPORTIONALITY 131 2.3.3.4 PROVISIONAL MEASURES UNDER ARTICLE 9 OF THE
REFUGEE CONVENTION 132 2.4 THE CHARACTER AND CONTENTS OF STATE
OBLIGATIONS DERIVING FROM THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT UNDER ARTICLE
33 OF THE REFUGEE CONVENTION 133 2.4.1 NEGATIVE OBLIGATIONS 133 .1
PROHIBITION ON REMOVAL 133 .LA SAFE COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN 135 2.4. 2.4.
2.4. 2.4. 2.4. .2 PROHIBITION ON EXTRADITION 136 .3 PROHIBITION ON
REJECTION AT THE FRONTIER AND BEYOND 137 .4 PROHIBITION ON INDIRECT
REFOULEMENT AND THE CONCEPT OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRIES 140 2.4.1.4A SAFE
THIRD COUNTRIES 141 2.4.1.4B AGREEMENTS TO ALLOCATE RESPONSIBILITY AND
READMISSION AGREEMENTS 145 2.4.2 POSITIVE OBLIGATIONS 147 2.4.2A
OBLIGATION TO ADMIT (A RIGHT TO ENTER AND REMAIN) 148 2.4.2.1A
OBLIGATIONS ON REFUGEES AT SEA: INTERCEPTION AND RESCUE AT SEA 151
2.4.2.2 TEMPORARY PROTECTION IN SITUATIONS OF MASS INFLUX 156 2.4.2.3
OBLIGATION TO GRANT A RESIDENCE PERMIT 158 2.4.2.4 SUBSTANTIVE RIGHTS
GRANTED TO REFUGEES 160 2.4.2.5 OBLIGATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF VOLUNTARY
REPATRIATION 163 2.4.2.6 OBLIGATIONS AFTER REMOVAL 164 2.4.2.7
PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS 164 2.4.2.7A THE INITIAL DETERMINATION PROCEDURE
164 TABLE OF CONTENTS YVJ.1 2.4.2.7B ACCELERATED PROCEDURES 172 2.4.2.7C
APPEAL PROCEDURES 173 2.4.2.7D SUSPENSIVE EFFECTIVE OF PROCEEDINGS TO
DETERMINE REFUGEE STATUS 175 2.4.2.7E ADDITIONAL PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS
FOR THE EXPULSION OF LAWFUL REFUGEES (ARTICLE 32 OF THE REFUGEE
CONVENTION) 176 17R 2.5 CONCLUSION 1/0 3 - 1950 EUROPEAN CONVENTION FOR
THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS 187 187 3.1
INTRODUCTION 10/ 3.1.1 PROHIBITION(S) ON REFOULEMENT UNDER THE EUROPEAN
CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS 187 3.1.2 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE EUROPEAN
CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS 190 3.1.2.1 OBJECT AND PURPOSE 19 3.1.2.2
CONTENT AND STRUCTURE 191 3.1.2.3 RESERVATIONS AND DECLARATIONS 192
3.1.3 INTERNATIONAL SOURCES FOR INTERPRETATION OF THE EUROPEAN
CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS *93 3.1.3.1 THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF
HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE STATUS OF ITS DECISIONS 193 3.1.3.1A INDIVIDUAL
APPLICATIONS 194 3.1.3.1B INTER-STATE CASES I 96 3.1.3.1C ADVISORY
OPINIONS 196 3.1.3.2 THE ROLE OF THE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS OF THE
COUNCIL OF EUROPE 196 3.1.3.3 THE ROLE OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE
COUNCIL OF EUROPE 198 3.1.3.4 THE ROLE OF THE FORMER EUROPEAN COMMISSION
OF HUMAN RIGHTS 198 3.1.4 RULES OF INTERPRETATION OF THE EUROPEAN
CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS 199 3.2 PERSONAL AND (EXTRA-)TERRITORIAL
SCOPE OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS, IN PARTICULAR WITH
RESPECT TO THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT 202 3.2.1 PERSONAL SCOPE 202
3.2.2 TERRITORIAL AND EXTRA-TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION
ON HUMAN RIGHTS 203 3.2.2.1 TERRITORIAL SCOPE 203 3.2.2.2
EXTRA-TERRITORIAL SCOPE 205 3.2.2.2A EFFECTIVE OVERALL CONTROL OVER
FOREIGN TERRITORY 206 3.2.2.2B ATTRIBUTION OF CONDUCT TO THE STATE AND
CONTROL OVER A PERSON AND HIS RIGHTS 208 3.2.3 THE RELEVANCE OF THE
TERRITORIAL AND EXTRA-TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION FOR PROTECTION
FROM REFOULEMENT 217 3.3 THE CONTENT OF THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT
UNDER ARTICLE 3 OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS 221 3.3.1 THE
HARM FROM WHICH A PERSON IS PROTECTED: TORTURE AND INHUMAN OR DEGRADING
TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT 221 3.3.1.1 TORTURE AS DEFINED OUTSIDE THE
CONTEXT OF REFOULEMENT 222 3.3.1.1A PERPETRATORS OF TORTURE 225 TABLE OF
CONTENTS XIII 3.3.1.2 INHUMAN AND DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT AS
DEFINED OUTSIDE THE CONTEXT OF REFOULEMENT 225 3.3.1.2A PERPETRATORS OF
INHUMAN AND DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT 237 3.3.1.3 PROSCRIBED
ILL-TREATMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF REFOULEMENT 238 3.3.1.3A DEFINING THE
ILL-TREATMENT 238 3.3.1.3B STATE VERSUS NON-STATE PERPETRATORS OF
ILL-TREATMENT 244 3.3.1.3C SITUATIONS IN THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AMOUNTING
TO ILL-TREATMENT 244 3.3.2 THE ELEMENT OF RISK 246 3.3.2.1 DEFINING THE
RISK: A REAL PERSONAL FORESEEABLE RISK 247 3.3.2.1A PROSPECTIVITY AND
OBJECTIVITY 247 3.3.2.1B INDIVIDUALISATION: AN ELEMENT OF COMPARISON?
248 3.3.2.1C MEMBERSHIP OF A PARTICULAR GROUP 252 3.3.2. ID FACTS AND
CIRCUMSTANCES REQUIRED TO MEET THE NECESSARY LEVEL OF RISK 255 3.3.2. LE
RISK SUR PLACE 265 3.3.2.2 THE STANDARD AND BURDEN OF PROOF 266 3.3.2.2A
ISSUES OF CREDIBILITY AND PLAUSIBILITY 266 3.3.2.2B ISSUES OF EVIDENCE
(IN SUPPORT OF THE CLAIM) 270 3.3.2.2C BURDEN OF PROOF 274 3.3.2.3 CASES
IN WHICH A DIFFERENT STANDARD OF RISK APPLIES 276 3.3.2.4 AT WHAT POINT
IN TIME MUST THE RISK BE ASSESSED? 279 3.3.2.5 THE ROLE OF DIE EUROPEAN
COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN DIE RISK ASSESSMENT 283 3.3.2.6 PROTECTION FROM
DIE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN (NATIONAL PROTECTION) 287 3.3.2.6A INTERNAL
PROTECTION ALTERNATIVE 288 3.3.2.6B DIPLOMATIC ASSURANCES TO GUARANTEE
SAFETY 293 3.3.2.6C THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN IS A STATE PARTY TO ONE OR
MORE HUMAN RIGHTS TREATIES 304 3.3.3 THE ABSOLUTE CHARACTER OF THE
PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT 307 3.4 THE CHARACTER AND CONTENTS OF STATE
OBLIGATIONS DERIVING FROM THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT UNDER ARTICLE 3
OF THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS 315 3.4.1 NEGATIVE
OBLIGATIONS 317 3.4.1.1 PROHIBITION ON REMOVAL 317 3.4.1.2 PROHIBITION
ON EXTRADITION 319 3.4.1.3 PROHIBITION ON INDIRECT REFOULEMENT 320
3.4.1.4 PROHIBITION ON REJECTION AT THE FRONTIER AND BEYOND (INCLUDING
THE OPEN SEA) 323 3.4.2 POSITIVE OBLIGATIONS 324 3.4.2.1 OBLIGATION TO
ADMIT (A RIGHT TO ASYLUM, TO ENTER AND TO REMAIN) 324 3.4.2.2
OBLIGATIONS AFTER REMOVAL 327 3.4.2.3 OBLIGATION TO INSTALL PROCEDURAL
SAFEGUARDS 330 3.4.2.3A THE INITIAL DETERMINATION PROCEDURE 330 3.4.2.3B
APPEAL PROCEDURES: EFFECTIVE LEGAL REMEDIES OFFERED BY ARTICLE 3 IN
CONJUNCTION WITH ARTICLE 13 331 TABLE OF CONTENTS XJ. V 3.4.2.3C
ADDITIONAL PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS FOR THE EXPULSION OF LAWFULLY RESIDENT
ALIENS (ARTICLE 1 PROTOCOL 7 ECHR) 342 3.4.2.3D APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE
6(1) 344 3.5 OTHER PROHIBITIONS ON REFOULEMENT UNDER THE EUROPEAN
CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS 345 3.5.1 NON-DEROGABLE PROVISIONS, IN
PARTICULAR ARTICLES 2, 1 OF PROTOCOL NO. 6 AND 1 OF PROTOCOL NO. 13 345
3.5.2 ARTICLE 6, THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL 348 3 5 3 OTHER PROVISIONS,
IN PARTICULAR ARTICLES 5, 8 AND 9 351 * O 3.6 CONCLUSION J J 4 - 1966
INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 359 4.1
INTRODUCTION 359 4.1.1 PROHIBITION(S) ON REFOULEMENT UNDER THE ICCPR 359
4.1.2 BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE ICCPR 361 4.1.2.1 OBJECT AND PURPOSE 361
4.1.2.2 CONTENT AND STRUCTURE 362 4.1.2.3 RESERVATIONS AND DECLARATIONS
363 4.1.3 INTERNATIONAL SOURCES FOR INTERPRETATION OF THE ICCPR 364
4.1.3.1 THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE 364 4.1.3.1A THE MONITORING TOOLS OF
THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE 364 4.1.3.1B THE STATUS OF THE COMMITTEE S
VIEWS 365 4.1.4 RULES OF INTERPRETATION OF THE ICCPR 367 4.2 PERSONAL
AND (EXTRA-)TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF THE ICCPR, IN PARTICULAR WITH RESPECT
TO THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT 369 4.2.1 PERSONAL SCOPE 369 4.2.2
TERRITORIAL AND EXTRA-TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF THE ICCPR 370 4.2.2.1
TERRITORIAL SCOPE 372 4.2.2.2 EXTRA-TERRITORIAL SCOPE 372 4.2.3 THE
RELEVANCE OF THE TERRITORIAL AND EXTRA-TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF THE ICCPR
FOR THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT 375 4.3 THE CONTENT OF THE
PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT UNDER ARTICLES 6 AND 7 OF THE ICCPR 377 4.3.1
THE HARM FROM WHICH A PERSON IS PROTECTED 377 4.3.1.1 DEATH PENALTY AND
THE DEATH ROW PHENOMENON 377 4.3.1.1A DEATH PENALTY 377 4.3.1.1B DEATH
ROW PHENOMENON 379 4.3.1.2 ARBITRARY DEPRIVATION OF LIFE 380 4.3.1.3
TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT
381 4.3.1.3A TORTURE UNDER THE ICCPR AND CAT 388 4.3.1.4 HARM FROM WHICH
A PERSON IS PROTECTED IN THE CONTEXT OF REFOULEMENT 389 4.3.1.4A
DEFINING THE HARM IN THE CONTEXT OF REFOULEMENT 389 4.3.1.4B STATE
VERSUS NON-STATE PERPETRATORS OF THE HARM 391 TABLE OF CONTENTS XV 4.3.2
THE ELEMENT OF RISK 391 4.3.2.1 DEFINING AND DETERMINING THE RISK 391
4.3.2.2 STANDARD AND BURDEN OF PROOF 395 4.3.2.2A BURDEN OF PROOF 396
4.3.2.3 AT WHAT POINT IN TIME MUST THE RISK BE ASSESSED? 397 4.3.2.4 THE
ROLE OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE IN THE RISK ASSESSMENT 397 4.3.2.5
PROTECTION FROM THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN (NATIONAL PROTECTION) 398 4.3.2.5A
INTERNAL PROTECTION ALTERNATIVE 398 4.3.2.5B DIPLOMATIC ASSURANCES TO
GUARANTEE SAFETY 399 4.3.3 THE ABSOLUTE CHARACTER OF THE PROHIBITION ON
REFOULEMENT 402 4.4 THE CHARACTER AND CONTENTS OF STATES OBLIGATIONS
DERIVING FROM THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT UNDER ARTICLES 6 AND 7 OF
THE ICCPR 404 4.4.1 NEGATIVE OBLIGATIONS 405 4.4.1.1 PROHIBITION ON
REMOVAL 405 4.4.1.2 PROHIBITION ON EXTRADITION 406 4.4.1.3 PROHIBITION
ON INDIRECT REFOULEMENT 407 4.4.1.4 PROHIBITION ON REJECTION AT THE
FRONTIER AND BEYOND 407 4.4.2 POSITIVE OBLIGATIONS 408 4.4.2.1
OBLIGATION TO ADMIT (A RIGHT TO ENTER AND REMAIN) 408 4.4.2.2
OBLIGATIONS AFTER REMOVAL 409 4.4.2.3 OBLIGATIONS TO INSTALL PROCEDURAL
SAFEGUARDS 411 4.4.2.3A THE INITIAL DETERMINATION PROCEDURE 411 4.4.2.3B
APPEAL PROCEDURES: EFFECTIVE LEGAL REMEDIES OFFERED BY ARTICLE 2(3) OF
THE ICCPR 412 4.4.2.3C ADDITIONAL PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS FOR THE
EXPULSION OF LAWFUL ALIENS (ARTICLE 13 ICCPR) 414 4.4.2.3D APPLICABILITY
OF ARTICLE 14(1) ICCPR 417 4.5 OTHER PROHIBITIONS ON REFOULEMENT UNDER
THE ICCPR 419 4.6 CONCLUSION 421 5 - 198 4 CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE
AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT 425 5.1
INTRODUCTION 425 5.1.1 PROHIBITION(S) ON REFOULEMENT UNDER THE
CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE 425 5.1.2 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE
CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE 426 5.1.2.1 OBJECT AND PURPOSE 426 5.1.2.2
CONTENT AND STRUCTURE 427 5.1.2.3 RESERVATIONS AND DECLARATIONS 427
5.1.3 INTERNATIONAL SOURCES FOR INTERPRETATION OF THE CONVENTION AGAINST
TORTURE 429 5.1.3.1 THE COMMITTEE AGAINST TORTURE 429 5.1.3.1A THE
MONITORING TOOLS OF THE COMMITTEE AGAINST TORTURE 429 5.1.3.1B THE
STATUS OF THE COMMITTEE S VIEWS 431 5.1.3.1C INDIVIDUAL APPLICATIONS 432
5.1.4 RULES OF INTERPRETATION OF THE CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE 433
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 2 PERSONAL AND (EXTRA-)TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF THE
CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE, IN DARTICULAR WITH RESPECT TO THE
PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT CONTAINED IN ARTICLE 3 434 5.2.1 PERSONAL
SCOPE ^- 5.2.2 TERRITORIAL AND EXTRA-TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF ARTICLE 3 OF
THE CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE 435 5 3 THE CONTENT OF THE PROHIBITION ON
REFOULEMENT UNDER ARTICLE 3 OF THE CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE 438 5.3.1
THE HARM FROM WHICH A PERSON IS PROTECTED: TORTURE AS DEFINED IN ARTICLE
1 OF THE CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE 439 5.3.1.1 ACTS WHICH CAUSE SEVERE
PHYSICAL OR MENTAL PAIN OR SUFFERING 439 5.3.1.2 INTENTION 443 5.3.1.3
PURPOSE 444 5.3.1.4 INFLICTION, INSTIGATION, CONSENT OR ACQUIESCENCE OF
A PUBLIC OFFICIAL 445 5.3.1.4A THE ABSENCE OF A STATE AUTHORITY 449
5.3.1.5 PUBLIC OFFICIALS OR OTHERS ACTING IN AN OFFICIAL CAPACITY 454
5.3.1.6 EXCLUSION OF PAIN OR SUFFERING ARISING FROM LAWFUL SANCTIONS 455
5.3.1.7 VICTIMS OF TORTURE 458 5.3.2 THE ELEMENT OF RISK 458 5.3.2.1
DEFINING THE RISK 459 5.3.2.1A PROSPECTIVITY AND OBJECTIVITY 459
5.3.2.1B INDIVIDUALISATION AND MEMBERSHIP OF A PARTICULAR GROUP 461
5.3.2.1C REQUIRED FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES TO MEET THE NECESSARY LEVEL OF
RISK 462 5.3.2. ID PERSONAL FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES 464 5.3.2.1E GENERAL
HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION 469 5.3.2.1F RISK SUR PLACE 472 5.3.2.1G
ASSESSING THE PERSONAL FACTS IN LIGHT OF THE GENERAL SITUATION 473
5.3.2.2 THE STANDARD AND BURDEN OF PROOF 475 5.3.2.2A ISSUES OF
CREDIBILITY AND PLAUSIBILITY 475 5.3.2.2B ISSUES OF EVIDENCE (IN SUPPORT
OF THE CLAIM) 480 5.3.2.2C BURDEN OF PROOF 484 5.3.2.3 AT WHAT POINT IN
TIME MUST THE RISK BE ASSESSED? 487 5.3.2.4 THE ROLE OF THE COMMITTEE
AGAINST TORTURE IN THE RISK ASSESSMENT 490 5.3.2.5 PROTECTION FROM THE
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN (NATIONAL PROTECTION) 492 5.3.2.5A INTERNAL PROTECTION
ALTERNATIVE 493 5.3.2.5B DIPLOMATIC ASSURANCES TO GUARANTEE SAFETY 496
5.3.2.5C THE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN IS A STATE PARTY TO ONE OR MORE HUMAN
RIGHTS TREATIES 500 5.3.3 THE ABSOLUTE CHARACTER OF THE PROHIBITION ON
REFOULEMENT 502 5.4 THE CHARACTER AND CONTENTS OF STATE OBLIGATIONS
DERIVING FROM THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT UNDER ARTICLE 3 OF THE
CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE 505 5.4.1 NEGATIVE OBLIGATIONS 505 5.4.1.1
PROHIBITION ON REMOVAL 505 5.4.1.2 PROHIBITION ON EXTRADITION 506 TABLE
OF CONTENTS XVII 5.4.1.3 PROHIBITION ON REJECTION AT THE FRONTIER AND
BEYOND 507 5.4.1.4 PROHIBITION ON INDIRECT REFOULEMENT AND THE CONCEPT
OF SAFE THIRD COUNTRIES 508 5.4.2 POSITIVE OBLIGATIONS 510 5.4.2.1 RIGHT
TO ASYLUM, RIGHT TO ENTER AND RIGHT TO REMAIN 510 5.4.2.2 OBLIGATIONS
AFTER REMOVAL 512 5.4.2.3 OBLIGATION TO INSTALL PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS
513 5.4.2.3A THE INITIAL DETERMINATION PROCEDURE 513 5.4.2.3B APPEAL
PROCEDURES: EFFECTIVE LEGAL REMEDIES OFFERED BY ARTICLE 3 515 5.5
ARTICLE 16 OF THE CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE 518 5.6 CONCLUSION 520 6 -
PROHIBITIONS OF REFOULEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL LAW COMPARED 525 6.1
INTRODUCTION 525 6.1.1 PROHIBITIONS ON REFOULEMENT AS PART OF
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 525 6.1.2 SUPERVISING THE IMPLEMENTATION
AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT 528 6.2 PERSONAL AND
(EXTRA-)TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF THE PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT 530 6.2.1
PERSONAL SCOPE 530 6.2.2 TERRITORIAL AND EXTRA-TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF THE
PROHIBITION ON REFOULEMENT 531 6.3 THE CONTENT OF THE PROHIBITIONS ON
REFOULEMENT 533 6.3.1 THE HARM FROM WHICH A PERSON IS PROTECTED 533
6.3.1.1 TORTURE 534 6.3.1.2 OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT
OR PUNISHMENT 536 6.3.1.3 PROTECTION FROM BEING PERSECUTED FOR REASONS
OF RACE, RELIGION, NATIONALITY, MEMBERSHIP OF A PARTICULAR SOCIAL GROUP
OR POLITICAL OPINION COMPARED TO OTHER PROHIBITIONS ON REFOULEMENT 538
6.3.1.4 THE ACTORS OF THE HARM OR THE SOURCE OF THE RISK 540 6.3.2 THE
ELEMENT OF RISK 542 6.3.2.1 DEFINING THE RISK 542 6.3.2.1A PROSPECTIVITY
543 6.3.2.1B OBJECTIVITY 544 6.3.2.1C INDIVIDUALISATION, SINGLED OUT AND
INDISCRIMINATE VIOLENCE 544 6.3.2.1D MEMBERSHIP OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OR
GROUP PERSECUTION 546 6.3.2. LE REQUIRED FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES TO MEET
THE NECESSARY LEVEL OF RISK 547 6.3.2. IF RISK SUR PLACE 548 6.3.2.2
STANDARD AND BURDEN OF PROOF 549 6.3.2.2A ISSUES OF CREDIBILITY 549
6.3.2.2B ISSUES OF EVIDENCE 550 6.3.2.2C BURDEN OF PROOF 551 6.3.2.3
TIME OF ASSESSING THE RISK 552 6.3.2.4 PROTECTION FROM THE COUNTRY OF
ORIGIN (NATIONAL PROTECTION) 553 6.3.2.4A INTERNAL PROTECTION
ALTERNATIVE 556 6.3.2.4B DIPLOMATIC ASSURANCES TO GUARANTEE SAFETY 559
6.3.3 ABSOLUTE PROTECTION OR EXCEPTIONS 563 TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.4 THE
CHARACTER AND CONTENT OF STATES OBLIGATIONS DERIVING FROM THE
PROHIBITIONS ON REFOULEMENT 564 6.4.1 NEGATIVE OBLIGATIONS 565 6.4.1.1
PROHIBITION ON REMOVAL 565 6.4.1.2 PROHIBITION ON EXTRADITION 565
6.4.1.3 PROHIBITION ON INDIRECT REFOULEMENT 566 6.4.1.3A SAFE THIRD
COUNTRIES 567 6.4.1.4 PROHIBITION OF REJECTION AT THE FRONTIER AND
BEYOND 567 6.4.2 POSITIVE OBLIGATIONS 569 6.4.2.1 OBLIGATION TO ADMIT (A
RIGHT TO ASYLUM, ENTER AND REMAIN) 569 6.4.2.2 OBLIGATIONS AFTER REMOVAL
570 6.4.2.3 OBLIGATIONS TO INSTALL PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS 571 6.4.2.3A
THE INITIAL DETERMINATION PROCEDURE 571 6.4.2.3B APPEAL PROCEDURES 573
6.4.2.3C RIGHT OF DUE PROCESS 575 6.4.2.3D PROCEDURAL SAFEGUARDS LIMITED
TO LAWFULLY PRESENT ALIENS 576 6.5 OVERALL CONCLUDING REMARKS 577
SAMENVATTING (SUMMARY IN DUTCH) 579 BIBLIOGRAPHY 591 INDEX 629
CURRICULUM VITAE 639
|
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| author | Wouters, Cornelis Wolfram 1970- |
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| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Wouters, Cornelis Wolfram 1970- |
| author_variant | c w w cw cww |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035828797 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)729675897 (DE-599)BVBBV035828797 |
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| id | DE-604.BV035828797 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:05:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789050958769 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018687383 |
| oclc_num | 729675897 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 |
| physical | XX, 638 S. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Intersentia |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Wouters, Cornelis Wolfram 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)138698600 aut International legal standards for the protection from refoulement a legal analysis of the prohibitions on refoulement contained in the Refugee Convention, the European Convention on Human rights, the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture C. W. Wouters Antwerpen [u.a.] Intersentia 2009 XX, 638 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 (DE-588)4015727-1 gnd rswk-swf Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 Juli 28 (DE-588)4202085-2 gnd rswk-swf Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 1984 Dezember 10 (DE-588)4223209-0 gnd rswk-swf International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 Dezember 19 (DE-588)4202902-8 gnd rswk-swf Refoulement-Verbot (DE-588)4140433-6 gnd rswk-swf Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 Juli 28 (DE-588)4202085-2 u Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 (DE-588)4015727-1 u International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 Dezember 19 (DE-588)4202902-8 u Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 1984 Dezember 10 (DE-588)4223209-0 u Refoulement-Verbot (DE-588)4140433-6 s DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018687383&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Wouters, Cornelis Wolfram 1970- International legal standards for the protection from refoulement a legal analysis of the prohibitions on refoulement contained in the Refugee Convention, the European Convention on Human rights, the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 (DE-588)4015727-1 gnd Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 Juli 28 (DE-588)4202085-2 gnd Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 1984 Dezember 10 (DE-588)4223209-0 gnd International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 Dezember 19 (DE-588)4202902-8 gnd Refoulement-Verbot (DE-588)4140433-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4015727-1 (DE-588)4202085-2 (DE-588)4223209-0 (DE-588)4202902-8 (DE-588)4140433-6 |
| title | International legal standards for the protection from refoulement a legal analysis of the prohibitions on refoulement contained in the Refugee Convention, the European Convention on Human rights, the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture |
| title_auth | International legal standards for the protection from refoulement a legal analysis of the prohibitions on refoulement contained in the Refugee Convention, the European Convention on Human rights, the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture |
| title_exact_search | International legal standards for the protection from refoulement a legal analysis of the prohibitions on refoulement contained in the Refugee Convention, the European Convention on Human rights, the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture |
| title_full | International legal standards for the protection from refoulement a legal analysis of the prohibitions on refoulement contained in the Refugee Convention, the European Convention on Human rights, the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture C. W. Wouters |
| title_fullStr | International legal standards for the protection from refoulement a legal analysis of the prohibitions on refoulement contained in the Refugee Convention, the European Convention on Human rights, the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture C. W. Wouters |
| title_full_unstemmed | International legal standards for the protection from refoulement a legal analysis of the prohibitions on refoulement contained in the Refugee Convention, the European Convention on Human rights, the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture C. W. Wouters |
| title_short | International legal standards for the protection from refoulement |
| title_sort | international legal standards for the protection from refoulement a legal analysis of the prohibitions on refoulement contained in the refugee convention the european convention on human rights the international convenant on civil and political rights and the convention against torture |
| title_sub | a legal analysis of the prohibitions on refoulement contained in the Refugee Convention, the European Convention on Human rights, the International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture |
| topic | Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 (DE-588)4015727-1 gnd Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 Juli 28 (DE-588)4202085-2 gnd Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 1984 Dezember 10 (DE-588)4223209-0 gnd International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 Dezember 19 (DE-588)4202902-8 gnd Refoulement-Verbot (DE-588)4140433-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention 1950 November 4 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 Juli 28 Convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 1984 Dezember 10 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 Dezember 19 Refoulement-Verbot |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018687383&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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