The process of research in psychology:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Los Angeles [u.a.]
Sage
2010
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 331 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781412960786 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140785259511808 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Detailed Contents
Preface
xii
Acknowledgments
xiii
PART I. OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS FROM START TO FINISH
1
J. Psychological Research: The Whys and Hows of the Scientific Method
3
Why Psychologists Conduct Research
3
Using Science to Understand and Explain Behavior
5
How Psychologists Use the Scientific Method
6
Empiricism
7
Determinism
8
Parsimony
8
Testability
8
Basic and Applied Research
9
Chapter Summary
11
Thinking About Research
12
Study Reference
12
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
13
Test Yourself
13
¿L Hypothesis Development: Where Research Questions Come From
15
Developing a Research Question
16
How to Conduct a Literature Review
19
PsycINFO
20
PubMed and ERIC
23
Other Sources
23
What You Find in a Literature Review
24
What Is a Journal Article?
24
Structure of an Empirical Journal Article
26
Review Articles and Book Chapters
29
Using the Literature to Make Hypotheses
29
Theory-Driven Hypotheses
30
Data-Driven Hypotheses
31
Descriptive and Causal Hypotheses
32
Chapter Summary
32
Thinking About Research
33
Study Reference
33
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
35
Test Yourself
35
How Psychologists Use the Scientific Method:
Observation Techniques and Research Designs
37
Observation Techniques
39
Naturalistic Observation
40
Surveys/Questionnaires
42
Systematic Observation
45
Using Archival Data
46
Types of Research Designs
49
Case Studies
49
Correlational Studies
52
Experiments
54
Quasi-Experiments
56
Chapter Summary
57
Thinking About Research
57
Study Reference
57
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
59
Test Yourself
59
Types of Variables
61 ___
Dependent Variables
62
Scales of Measurement
63
Validity and Response Scales
65
Reliability of Measurements and Response Scales
67
Independent Variables
68
Types of Manipulations
68
Quasi-Independent Variables
69
Validity and Sources of Bias
71
Internal Validity
71
External Validity
79
Sources of Bias Specific to a Field of Study
81
Chapter Summary
81
Thinking About Research
82
Study Reference
82
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
83
Test Yourself
85
Ethical Guidelines for Psychological Research
87
Historical Context for Ethical Guidelines
88
Nuremberg Code
88
APA Code 90
6
Current Ethical Guidelines for Human Participants Research
93
Respect for Persons
95
Beneficence
97
Justice
97
An Example
98
Institutional Review Boards
99
Exempt Studies
100
Expedited Studies
100
Full-Review Studies
100
Criteria for IRB Approval
100
Deception and Debriefing
101
An Example
102
Current Ethical Guidelines for Nonhuman Animal Subjects
103
Justification
103
Personnel
104
Care and Housing of the Animals
104
Acquisition of the Animals
104
Procedures Used in the Study
104
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
105
An Example
105
Ethics in Reporting Research
106
Chapter Summary
107
Thinking About Research
108
Study Reference
108
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
109
Test Yourself
110
Sampling
113
Populations and Samples
114
Probability Samples
116
Simple Random Samples
118
Cluster Samples
119
Stratified Random Samples
121
Convenience Samples
121
Haphazard/Volunteer Samples
123
Quota Samples
124
Comparison of Probability and Convenience Sampling Techniques
124
Recruiting Participants
125
Using the Internet to Sample
126
Chapter Summary
127
Thinking About Research
127
Study Reference
128
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
128
Test Yourself
129
Summarizing and Interpreting Data: Using Statistics
131
Descriptive Statistics: Summarizing the Data
133
Central Tendency
133
Variability
134
GraphsAabLes
136
Inferential Statistics: Testing Hypotheses
138
Hypotheses
138
Significance Testing
142
Predicting the Null Hypothesis
146
Chapter Summary
146
Thinking About Research
147
Study Reference
147
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
148
Test Yourself
149
б
Reporting Research
151
ΑΡΑ
-Style
Article Writing
152
Sections of an
ΑΡΑ
-Style
Article
163
Multiple-Study Articles
166
Research Proposals
167
General Formatting
167
Citation Format
167
Oral Presentations
168
Poster Presentations
169
Chapter Summary
171
Thinking About Research
171
Study Reference
171
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
172
Test Yourself
173
PART II. THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF RESEARCH METHODS AND ANALYSIS
175
The Nuts and Bolts of Survey Research
177
Answering Research Questions With Surveys
179
Creating a Survey
179
Survey Questions
180
Types of Survey Response Scales
181
Validity of Scores From a Survey
182
Reliability of Responses
185
Survey Administration
187
Chapter Summary
187
10
Thinking About Research
188
Study Reference
188
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
189
Test Yourself
189
The Nuts and Bolts of Correlational Studies
191
11
Research Questions in Correlational Studies
193
Correlational Study Examples
196
Descriptive Studies
196
Predictive Studies
197
Summary
198
Chapter Summary
198
Thinking About Research
199
Study Reference
199
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
200
Test Yourself
200
The Nuts and Bolts of Experiments
203
Learning About Causation Through Manipulation and Control
206
Control in Within-Subjects and Between-Subjects Experiments
207
Between-Subjects Experiments
208
Within-Subjects Experiments
209
Experiment Examples
210
Cognitive Example
210
Biological Example
211
Social Example
213
Developmental Example
214
Factorial Designs
215
Chapter Summary
222
Thinking About Research
222
Study Reference
222
Experiment
1 223
Experiment
2 224
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
224
Test Yourself
225
12
The Nuts and Bolts of Quasi-Experiments
229
Types of Quasi-Experiments
231
Pretest-Posttest
Designs
232
Time Series Designs
236
Chapter Summary
239
13
Thinking
About
Research
239
Study Reference
239
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
240
Test Yourself
241
The Nuts and Bolts of Other Specialized Designs
243
Developmental Designs
243
Small-n Designs
249
Discrete Trials Designs
251
Baseline Designs
252
Data Analysis in
Small
-п
Designs
254
Chapter Summary
254
Thinking About Research
254
Study Reference
255
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
255
Test Yourself
256
The Nuts and Bolts of Using Statistics
259
Comparing Groups or Conditions
262
Comparing Two Means With
t
Tests
263
Using SPSS to Conduct
ŕ
Tests
264
Comparing More Than Two Means With ANOVA
271
Using SPSS to Conduct ANOVAs
273
Looking for Relationships With Pearson
r
and Regression Tests
287
Chapter Summary
295
Thinking About Research
295
Study Reference
296
Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them
296
Test Yourself
297
Appendix: Statistical Calculations
301
Glossary
309
References
319
Index
327
About the Author
331
14
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| spellingShingle | McBride, Dawn M. The process of research in psychology Psychology Research Methodology Psychology, Experimental Empirische Forschung (DE-588)4300400-3 gnd Forschungsplanung (DE-588)4155051-1 gnd Experimentelle Psychologie (DE-588)4016005-1 gnd Forschungsmethode (DE-588)4155046-8 gnd Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd |
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| title | The process of research in psychology |
| title_auth | The process of research in psychology |
| title_exact_search | The process of research in psychology |
| title_full | The process of research in psychology Dawn M. McBride |
| title_fullStr | The process of research in psychology Dawn M. McBride |
| title_full_unstemmed | The process of research in psychology Dawn M. McBride |
| title_short | The process of research in psychology |
| title_sort | the process of research in psychology |
| topic | Psychology Research Methodology Psychology, Experimental Empirische Forschung (DE-588)4300400-3 gnd Forschungsplanung (DE-588)4155051-1 gnd Experimentelle Psychologie (DE-588)4016005-1 gnd Forschungsmethode (DE-588)4155046-8 gnd Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd |
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