Anatomy and physiology: from science to life
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken, NJ
Wiley
2010
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| Ausgabe: | 2. ed., internat. student version |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Erg. bildet: Tortora, Gerard J.: Clinical connections |
| Beschreibung: | getr. Zählung |
| ISBN: | 9780470448724 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Anatomy and physiology |b from science to life |c Gail W. Jenkins ; Christopher P. Kemnitz ; Gerard J. Tortora |
| 250 | |a 2. ed., internat. student version | ||
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| 500 | |a Erg. bildet: Tortora, Gerard J.: Clinical connections | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Tortora, Gerard J. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)132130270 |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | COND EDITI ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FROM SCIENCE TO LIFE INTERNATIONAL
STUDENT VERSION GAIL W. JENKINS MONTGOMERY COLLEGE CHRISTOPHER P.
KEMNITZ LAKE SUPERIOR COLLEGE GERARD J. TORTORA BERGEN COMMUNITY COLLEGE
WILEY JOHN WILEY &. SONS, INC. BRIEF CONTENTS ABOUT THE AUTHORS III
PREFACE V ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IX CHAPTER 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY
2 CHAPTER 2 THE CHEMICAL LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION 24 CHAPTER 3 THE CELLULAR
LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION 56 CHAPTER 4 THE TISSUE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION 100
CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER 14 CHAPTER 15 CHAPTER 16 CHAPTER 17
CHAPTER 18 CHAPTER 19 CHAPTER 20 CHAPTER 21 CHAPTER 22 CHAPTER 23
CHAPTER 24 CHAPTER 25 THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 132 INTRODUCTION TO THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM THE AXIAL SKELETON 168 THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON 204
ARTICULATIONS 230 MUSCLE TISSUE 258 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 292 INTRODUCTION
TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 356 THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 392 THE PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM 430 SENSORY, MOTOR, AND INTEGRATIVE SYSTEMS 480 THE
SPECIAL SENSES 504 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 548 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
THE BLOOD 584 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: THE HEART 608 THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD VESSELS 636 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND
IMMUNITY 700 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 732 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 776 THE
URINARY SYSTEM 834 THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS AND DEVELOPMENT 874 APPENDIX
A MEASUREMENTS A-1 APPENDIX B PERIODIC TABLE B-1 ____ _ APPENDIX C
ANSWERS TO CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS C-1 GLOSSARY G-1 CREDITS CR-1 INDEX 1-1
XV CONTENTS 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY ^/F OLIVER S STORY 2
INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 THE HUMAN BODY IS COMPOSED OF SIX LEVELS OF
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION AND CONTAINS ELEVEN ORGAN SYSTEMS. 4 1.2 THE
HUMAN BODY CARRIES ON BASIC LIFE PROCESSES THAT DISTINGUISH IT FROM
NONLIVING OBJECTS. 8 BASIC LIFE PROCESSES 8 HOMEOSTASIS 8 BODY FLUIDS 9
1.3 HOMEOSTASIS IS CONTROLLED THROUGH FEEDBACK SYSTEMS. 9 FEEDBACK
SYSTEMS 10 HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES 12 1.4 THE HUMAN BODY IS DESCRIBED
USING THE ANATOMICAL POSITION AND SPECIFIC TERMS. 13 BODY POSITIONS 13
REGIONAL NAMES 14 DIRECTIONAL TERMS 14 PLANES AND SECTIONS 15 1.5 BODY
CAVITIES ARE SPACES WITHIN THE BODY THAT HELP PROTECT, SEPARATE, AND
SUPPORT INTERNAL ORGANS 17 1.6 SEROUS MEMBRANES LINE THE WALLS OF BODY
CAVITIES AND COVER THE ORGANS WITHIN THEM. 19 1.7 THE ABDOMINOPELVIC
CAVITY IS DIVIDED INTO REGIONS OR QUADRANTS. 20 * OLIVER S STORY:
EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 21 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 21 UNDERSTANDING
THE CONCEPTS 23 2 THE CHEMICAL LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION 24 2.1 CHEMICAL
ELEMENTS ARE COMPOSED OF SMALL UNITS CALLED ATOMS. 26 STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
26 ATOMIC NUMBER AND MASS NUMBER 28 ATOMIC MASS 28 IONS, MOLECULES, AND
COMPOUNDS 28 2.2 ATOMS ARE HELD TOGETHER BY CHEMICAL BONDS. 29 IONIC
BONDS 29 COVALENT BONDS 30 HYDROGEN BONDS 32 2.3 CHEMICAL REACTIONS
OCCUR WHEN ATOMS COMBINE WITH OR SEPARATE FROM OTHER ATOMS. 32 FORMS OF
ENERGY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS 33 ENERGY TRANSFER IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
33 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS 34 2.4 INORGANIC COMPOUNDS INCLUDE WATER,
SALTS, ACIDS, AND BASES. 35 WATER 35 SOLUTIONS, COLLOIDS, AND
SUSPENSIONS 37 INORGANIC ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS 37 ACID-BASE BALANCE:
THE CONCEPT OF PH 38 MAINTAINING PH: BUFFER SYSTEMS 38 2.5 ORGANIC
MOLECULES ARE LARGE CARBON-BASED MOLECULES THAT CARRY OUT COMPLEX
FUNCTIONS IN LIVING SYSTEMS. 40 2.6 CARBOHYDRATES FUNCTION AS BUILDING
BLOCKS AND SOURCES OF ENERGY. 40 MONOSACCHARIDES AND DISACCHARIDES: THE
SIMPLE SUGARS 41 POLYSACCHARIDES 41 2.7 LIPIDS ARE IMPORTANT FOR CELL
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE, ENERGY STORAGE, AND HORMONE PRODUCTION. 42 FATTY
ACIDS 42 TRIGLYCERIDES 42 PHOSPHOLIPIDS 43 STEROIDS 44 XVI CONTENTS XVII
2.8 PROTEINS ARE AMINO ACID COMPLEXES SERVING MANY DIVERSE ROLES. 45
AMINO ACIDS AND POLYPEPTIDES 45 LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION IN
PROTEINS 46 ENZYMES 46 2.9 NUCLEIC ACIDS CONTAIN GENETIC MATERIAL AND
FUNCTION IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. 49 2.10 ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) IS
THE PRINCIPAL ENERGY- TRANSFERRING MOLECULE IN LIVING SYSTEMS. 50 *
RICHARD S STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 51 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY
51 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 55 THE CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION FN?
56 SIORY 3.1 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A CELL ARE THE PLASMA MEMBRANE, THE
CYTOPLASM, AND THE NUCLEUS. 58 3.2 THE PLASMA MEMBRANE CONTAINS THE
CYTOPLASM AND REGULATES EXCHANGES WITH THE EXTRACELLULAR ENVIRONMENT. 59
THE LIPID BILAYER 59 ARRANGEMENT OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS 60 FUNCTIONS OF
MEMBRANE PROTEINS 60 MEMBRANE FLUIDITY 61 MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY 61
GRADIENTS ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE 61 3.3 TRANSPORT OF A SUBSTANCE
ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OCCURS BY BOTH PASSIVE AND ACTIVE PROCESSES.
62 PASSIVE PROCESSES 62 ACTIVE PROCESSES 66 3.4 CYTOPLASM CONSISTS OF
THE CYTOSOL AND ORGANELLES. 72 CYTOSOL 72 ORGANELLES 72 * JOHN DOE S
STORY 100 INTRODUCTION 101 4.1 HUMAN BODY TISSUES CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS
EPITHELIAL, CONNECTIVE, MUSCLE, OR NERVOUS. 102 4.2 EPITHELIAL TISSUE
COVERS BODY SURFACES, LINES ORGANS AND BODY CAVITIES, OR SECRETES
SUBSTANCES. 102 COVERING AND LINING EPITHELIA 103 GLANDULAR EPITHELIA
109 4.3 CONNECTIVE TISSUE BINDS ORGANS TOGETHER, STORES ENERGY RESERVES
AS FAT, AND HELPS PROVIDE IMMUNITY. 110 GENERAL FEATURES OF CONNECTIVE
TISSUE 110 CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS 110 *~ CONNECTIVE TISSUE
EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX 110 TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE 112 4.4 MEMBRANES
COVER THE SURFACE OF THE BODY, LINE BODY CAVITIES, AND COVER ORGANS. 120
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES 120 SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES 120 3.5 THE NUCLEUS CONTAINS
NUCLEOLI AND GENES. 81 3.6 CELLS MAKE PROTEINS BY TRANSCRIBING AND
TRANSLATING THE GENETIC INFORMATION CONTAINED IN DNA. 84 TRANSCRIPTION
84 TRANSLATION 85 3.7 CELL DIVISION ALLOWS THE REPLACEMENT OF CELLS AND
THE PRODUCTION OF NEW CELLS. 87 SOMATIC CELL DIVISION 88 REPRODUCTIVE
CELL DIVISION 91 * MICHAEL S STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 95 CONCEPT
AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 95 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 99 I THE TISSUE LEVEL
OF ORGANIZATION 100 4.5 MUSCLE TISSUE GENERATES THE PHYSICAL FORCE
NEEDED TO MAKE BODY STRUCTURES MOVE. 122 4.6 NERVOUS TISSUE CONSISTS OF
NEURONS AND NEUROGLIA. 124 4.7 THE ABILITY OF AN INJURED TISSUE TO
REPAIR ITSELF DEPENDS ON THE EXTENT OF DAMAGE AND THE REGENERATIVE
ABILITY OF THE INJURED TISSUE. 125 * JOHN DOE S STORY: EPILOGUE AND
DISCUSSION 126 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 127 UNDERSTANDING THE
CONCEPTS 131 XVIII CONTENTS 5 THE 1K1TR - CETIN S STORY STEM 132 132
INTRODUCTION 5.1 SKIN IS COMPOSED OF A SUPERFICIAL EPIDERMIS AND A
DEEPER DERMIS, AND IS ANCHORED BY THE HYPODERMIS. 134 5.2 THE LAYERS OF
THE EPIDERMIS INCLUDE THE STRATUM BASALE, STRATUM SPINOSUM, STRATUM
GRANULOSUM, STRATUM LUCIDUM, AND STRATUM CORNEUM. 136 CELLS OF THE
EPIDERMIS 136 STRATA OF THE EPIDERMIS 137 KERATINIZATION AND GROWTH OF
THE EPIDERMIS 137 5.3 THE DERMIS CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, SENSORY
RECEPTORS, HAIR FOLLICLES, AND GLANDS. 138 5.4 SKIN COLOR IS A RESULT OF
THE PIGMENTS MELANIN, CAROTENE, AND HEMOGLOBIN. 139 5.5 THE FUNCTIONS OF
HAIR, SKIN GLANDS, AND NAILS INCLUDE PROTECTION AND BODY TEMPERATURE
REGULATION. 140 HAIR 140 GLANDS OF THE SKIN 142 NAILS 143 5.6 SKIN
DAMAGE SETS IN MOTION A SEQUENCE OF EVENTS THAT REPAIRS THE SKIN TO ITS
NORMAL (OR NEAR-NORMAL) STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. 143 EPIDERMAL WOUND
HEALING 144 DEEP WOUND HEALING 145 5.7 SKIN REGULATES BODY TEMPERATURE,
PROTECTS UNDERLYING TISSUES, PROVIDES CUTANEOUS SENSATIONS, EXCRETES
BODY WASTES, AND SYNTHESIZES VITAMIN D. 146 REGULATION OF BODY
TEMPERATURE 146 PROTECTION 146 CUTANEOUS SENSATIONS 146 EXCRETION AND
ABSORPTION 146 SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN D 146 * COLIN S STORY: EPILOGUE AND
DISCUSSION 147 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 147 UNDERSTANDING THE
CONCEPTS 149 INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM AMANDA S STORY 150
INTRODUCTION 151 150 6.1 SKELETAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS INCLUDE SUPPORT,
PROTECTION, MOVEMENT, MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS, BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION, AND
ENERGY STORAGE. 152 6.2 BONES ARE CLASSIFIED AS LONG, SHORT, FLAT,
IRREGULAR, OR SESAMOID. 152 6.3 LONG BONES HAVE A DIAPHYSIS, A MEDULLARY
CAVITY, EPIPHYSES, METAPHYSES, AND PERIOSTEUM. 153 6.4 OSSEOUS TISSUE
CAN BE ARRANGED AS COMPACT BONE TISSUE OR SPONGY BONE TISSUE. 154 CELLS
OF OSSEOUS TISSUE 155 TYPES OF OSSEOUS TISSUE 156 6.5 BONES ARE RICHLY
SUPPLIED WITH BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES. 158 6.6 THE TWO TYPES OF BONE
FORMATION ARE INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION AND ENDOCHONDRAL
OSSIFICATION. 159 INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION 159 *~ ENDOCHONDRAL
OSSIFICATION 161 6.7 BONES GROW LONGER AT THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE AND
INCREASE IN DIAMETER BY THE ADDITION OF NEW OSSEOUS TISSUE AROUND THE
OUTER SURFACE. 162 GROWTH IN LENGTH 162 GROWTH IN THICKNESS 163 FACTORS
AFFECTING BONE GROWTH 164 6.8 BONE REMODELING RENEWS OSSEOUS TISSUE,
REDISTRIBUTES BONE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, AND REPAIRS BONE INJURIES. 164
* AMANDA S STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 165 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE
SUMMARY 165 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 167 CONTENTS XIX 7 THE AXIAL
SKELETON 168 P HASSAN S STORY 168 TNTRODUCTION 169 7.1 BONES OF THE
AXIAL SKELETON AND APPENDICULAR SKELETON HAVE CHARACTERISTIC SURFACE
MARKINGS. 170 7.2 THE SKULL PROVIDES ATTACHMENT SITES FOR MUSCLES AND
MEMBRANES, AND PROTECTS AND SUPPORTS THE BRAIN AND SENSE ORGANS. 172 7.3
THE CRANIAL BONES INCLUDE THE FRONTAL, PARIETAL, TEMPORAL, OCCIPITAL,
SPHENOID, AND ETHMOID BONES. 173 FRONTAL BONE 173 PARIETAL BONES 174
TEMPORAL BONES 174 OCCIPITAL BONE 176 SPHENOID BONE 177 ETHMOID BONE 179
7.4 FACIAL BONES INCLUDE THE NASAL BONES, MAXILLAE, ZYGOMATIC BONES,
LACRIMAL BONES, PALATINE BONES, INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE, VOMER, AND
MANDIBLE. 181 NASAL BONES 181 MAXILLAE 181 ZYGOMATIC BONES 182 LACRIMAL
BONES 182 PALATINE BONES 182 INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE 183 VOMER 183
MANDIBLE 183 7.5 UNIQUE FEATURES OF THE SKULL INCLUDE THE NASAL SEPTUM,
ORBITS, SUTURES, PARANASAL SINUSES, AND FONTANELS. 184 NASAL SEPTUM 184
ORBITS 184 PARANASAL SINUSES 185 SUTURES 186 FONTANELS 186 7.6 THE HYOID
BONE SUPPORTS THE TONGUE AND ATTACHES TO TONGUE, PHARYNX, AND LARYNX
MUSCLES. 187 7.7 THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN PROTECTS THE SPINAL CORD, SUPPORTS
THE HEAD, AND IS A POINT OF ATTACHMENT FOR THE RIBS, BONES OF THE LOWER
LIMBS, AND BACK MUSCLES. 188 NORMAL CURVES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN 188
INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS 188 7.8 A VERTEBRA USUALLY CONSISTS OF A BODY, A
VERTEBRAL ARCH, AND SEVERAL PROCESSES. 190 BODY 190 VERTEBRAL ARCH 190
PROCESSES 190 7.9 VERTEBRAE IN THE DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE VERTEBRAL
COLUMN VARY IN SIZE, SHAPE, AND DETAIL. 192 CERVICAL REGION 192 THORACIC
REGION 194 LUMBAR REGION 195 SACRUM 195 COCCYX 198 7.10 THE THORACIC
CAGE PROTECTS VITAL ORGANS IN THE THORAX AND UPPER ABDOMEN AND PROVIDES
SUPPORT FOR THE BONES OF THE UPPER LIMBS. 198 STERNUM 199 RIBS 199 *
HASSAN S STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 201 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY
201 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 203 8 THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON 204
ITEFAN S STORY 204 INTRODUCTION 205 8.1 EACH PECTORAL GIRDLE, WHICH
CONSISTS OF A CLAVICLE AND SCAPULA, ATTACHES AN UPPER LIMB TO THE AXIAL
SKELETON. 206 CLAVICLE 206 SCAPULA 207 8.2 THE BONES OF EACH UPPER LIMB
INCLUDE THE HUMERUS, ULNA, RADIUS, CARPALS, METACARPALS, AND PHALANGES.
209 HUMERUS 209 ULNA AND RADIUS 211 CARPALS, METACARPALS, AND PHALANGES
212 8.3 THE PELVIC GIRDLE SUPPORTS THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND PELVIC
VISCERA AND ATTACHES THE LOWER LIMBS TO THE AXIAL SKELETON. 215 ILIUM
216 ISCHIUM 218 PUBIS 218 ACETABULUM 218 FALSE AND TRUE PELVES 218 XX
CONTENTS 8.4 MALE PELVES ARE GENERALLY LARGER, HEAVIER, AND HAVE MORE
PROMINENT MARKINGS; FEMALE PELVES ARE GENERALLY WIDER AND SHALLOWER. 221
8.5 THE BONES OF EACH LOWER LIMB INCLUDE THE FEMUR, PATELLA, TIBIA,
FIBULA, TARSALS, METATARSALS, AND PHALANGES. 222 FEMUR 222 PATELLA 224
TIBIA AND FIBULA 224 TARSALS, METATARSALS, AND PHALANGES 226 * STEFAN S
STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 227 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 228
UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 229 9 ARTICULATIONS 230 F JANET S STOR}T~230
INTRODUCTION 9.1 JOINTS ARE CLASSIFIED STRUCTURALLY AS FIBROUS,
CARTILAGINOUS, OR SYNOVIAL; THEY ARE CLASSIFIED FUNCTIONALLY AS
SYNARTHROSES, AMPHIARTHROSES, OR DIARTHROSES. 232 9.2 FIBROUS JOINTS
LACK A SYNOVIAL CAVITY AND ARE HELD TOGETHER BY DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
232 SUTURES 232 SYNDESMOSES 232 GOMPHOSES 232 9.3 CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
LACK A SYNOVIAL CAVITY AND ARE HELD TOGETH- ER BY CARTILAGE. 234
SYNCHONDROSES 234 SYMPHYSES 234 9.4 ARTICULATING SURFACES OF BONES AT A
SYNOVIAL JOINT ARE COVERED WITH ARTICULAR CARTILAGE AND ENCLOSED WITHIN
A SYNOVIAL CAV- ITY. 234 ARTICULAR CAPSULE 235 SYNOVIAL FLUID 235
ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS AND ARTICULAR MENISCI 236 BURSAE AND TENDON SHEATHS
236 9.5 SYNOVIAL JOINTS ARE DESCRIBED AS PLANAR, HINGE, PIVOT,
CONDYLOID, SADDLE, OR BALL-AND-SOCKET. 237 PLANAR JOINTS 237 HINGE
JOINTS 237 PIVOT JOINTS 237 CONDYLOID JOINTS 237 SADDLE JOINTS 239
BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINTS 239 9.6 SYNOVIAL JOINT MOVEMENT TERMINOLOGY
INDICATES THE DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT OR THE RELATIONSHIPS OF BODY PARTS
DURING MOVE- MENT. 240 GLIDING 240 ANGULAR MOVEMENTS 240 ROTATION 243
SPECIAL MOVEMENTS 243 9.7 THE SHOULDER, ELBOW, HIP, AND KNEE JOINTS
PROVIDE EXAMPLES OF SYNOVIAL JOINT COMPONENTS, CLASSIFICATIONS, AND
MOVE- MENTS. 246 THE SHOULDER JOINT 248 THE ELBOW JOINT 250 THE HIP
JOINT 251 THE KNEE JOINT 253 MOVEMENTS 254 * JANET S STORY: EPILOGUE AND
DISCUSSION 255 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 255 UNDERSTANDING THE
CONCEPTS 257 10 MUSCLE TISSUE ~HR KI IPRMRFN - STORY 258 ^INTRODUCTION..
10.1 SKELETAL, CARDIAC, AND SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUES DIFFER IN LOCATION,
STRUCTURE, AND FUNCTION. 260 10.2 MUSCLE TISSUE PERFORMS FOUR FUNCTIONS
AND POSSESSES FOUR PROPERTIES. 261 FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLE TISSUE 261
PROPERTIES OF MUSCLE TISSUE 261 10.3 SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE SURROUNDED BY
CONNECTIVE TISSUES AND ARE WELL SUPPLIED WITH NERVES AND BLOOD VESSELS.
261 CONNECTIVE TISSUE COMPONENTS 262 NERVE AND BLOOD SUPPLY 263 CONTENTS
XXI 10.4 EACH SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER IS COVERED BY A SARCOLEMMA; EACH OF
ITS MYOFIBRILS IS SURROUNDED BY SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND CONTAINS
SARCOMERES. 264 SARCOLEMMA, TRANSVERSE TUBULES, AND SARCOPLASM 266
MYOFIBRILS AND SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM 266 FILAMENTS AND THE SARCOMERE
266 MUSCLE PROTEINS 267 10.5 THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION IS WHERE A
MUSCLE ACTION POTENTIAL IS INITIATED. 268 10.6 AN ACTION POTENTIAL
RELEASES CALCIUM IONS THAT ALLOW THICK FILAMENTS TO BIND TO AND PULL
THIN FILAMENTS TOWARD THE CENTER OF THE SARCOMERE. 271
EXCITATION-CONTRACTION COUPLING 271 THE CONTRACTION CYCLE 272 RELAXATION
273 10.7 MUSCLE TENSION IS CONTROLLED BY STIMULATION FREQUENCY AND MOTOR
UNIT RECRUITMENT. 275 MOTOR UNITS 275 TWITCH CONTRACTION 275 FREQUENCY
OF STIMULATION 276 MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT 276 MUSCLE TONE 277 ISOTONIC
AND ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS 277 10.8 MUSCLE FIBERS PRODUCE ATP FROM
CREATINE PHOSPHATE, BY ANAEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION, AND BY AEROBIC
CELLULAR RESPIRATION. 279 PRODUCTION OF ATP IN MUSCLE FIBERS 279 MUSCLE
FATIGUE 280 OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AFTER EXERCISE 280 10.9 SKELETAL MUSCLE
FIBERS ARE CLASSIFIED AS SLOW OXIDATIVE FIBERS, FAST
OXIDATIVE*GLYCOLYTTC FIBERS, OR FAST GLYCOLYTIC FIBERS. 281 SLOW
OXIDATIVE FIBERS 281 FAST OXIDATIVE-GLYCOLYTIC FIBERS 281 FAST
GLYCOLYTIC FIBERS 281 DISTRIBUTION AND RECRUITMENT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF
FIBERS 282 10.10 CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE IS FOUND IN THE HEART, AND SMOOTH
MUSCLE TISSUE IS FOUND IN HOLLOW INTERNAL STRUCTURES. 283 CARDIAC MUSCLE
TISSUE 283 SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE 284 * AMANDA S STORY: EPILOGUE AND
DISCUSSION 287 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 287 UNDERSTANDING THE
CONCEPTS 291 1 1 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 292 11.1 SKELETAL MUSCLES PRODUCE
MOVEMENT WHEN THE INSERTION IS PULLED TOWARD THE ORIGIN. 294 MUSCLE
ATTACHMENT SITES: ORIGIN AND INSERTION 294 LEVER SYSTEMS AND LEVERAGE
295 EFFECTS OF FASCICLE ARRANGEMENT 295 COORDINATION AMONG MUSCLES 295
11.2 SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE NAMED BASED ON SIZE, SHAPE, ACTION, LOCATION,
OR ATTACHMENTS. 297 11.3 MUSCLES OF THE HEAD PRODUCE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS,
EYEBALL MOVEMENT, AND ASSIST IN BITING, CHEWING, SWALLOWING, AND SPEECH.
301 MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION 301 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE EYEBALLS 304
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE MANDIBLE 306 * MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE TONGUE 307
11.4 MUSCLES OF THE NECK ASSIST IN SWALLOWING AND SPEECH, AND ALLOW
BALANCE AND MOVEMENT OF THE HEAD. 308 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HYOID BONE
AND LARYNX 308 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD 310 11.5 MUSCLES OF THE
ABDOMEN PROTECT THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA, MOVE THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN, AND
ASSIST BREATHING. 312 MUSCLES THAT PROTECT ABDOMINAL VISCERA AND MOVE
THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN 312 MUSCLES USED IN BREATHING 314 11.6 MUSCLES OF
THE PELVIC FLOOR AND PERINEUM SUPPORT THE PELVIC VISCERA, FUNCTION AS
SPHINCTERS, AND ASSIST IN URINATION, ERECTION, EJACULATION, AND
DEFECATION. 317 MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC FLOOR 317 MUSCLES OF THE PERINEUM
317 11.7 MUSCLES INSERTING ON THE UPPER LIMB MOVE AND STABILIZE THE
PECTORAL GIRDLE, AND MOVE THE ARM, FOREARM, AND HAND. 320 MUSCLES THAT
MOVE THE PECTORAL GIRDLE 320 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HUMERUS 322 MUSCLES
THAT MOVE THE RADIUS AND ULNA 325 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, AND
FINGERS 327 INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE HAND 331 XXII CONTENTS 11.8 DEEP
MUSCLES OF THE BACK MOVE THE HEAD AND VERTEBRAL COLUMN. 334 11.9 MUSCLES
ORIGINATING ON THE PELVIC GIRDLE OR LOWER LIMB MOVE THE FEMUR, LEG, AND
FOOT. 338 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR 338 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR,
TIBIA, AND FIBULA 344 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT AND TOES 346 INTRINSIC
MUSCLES OF THE FOOT 350 JOE S STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 352 CONCEPT
AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 352 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 355 12 INTRODUCTION
TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 356 [ JENNIFER S STORY 356 INTRODUCTION 12.1 THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS AND INTEGRATES ALL BODY ACTIVITIES.
358 STRUCTURES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 358 FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
358 12.2 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS ORGANIZED INTO THE CENTRAL AND PERIPH-
ERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS. 359 ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 359 12.3
NEURONS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST OF THE UNIQUE FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM. 360 PARTS OF A NEURON 360 STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY AND
CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS 362 12.4 NEUROGLIA SUPPORT, NOURISH, AND
PROTECT NEURONS AND MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS. 363 NEUROGLIA OF THE CNS 364
NEUROGLIA OF THE PNS 364 MYELINATION 365 GRAY AND WHITE MATTER 366 12.5
NEURONS COMMUNICATE WITH OTHER CELLS. 368 ION CHANNELS 370 RESTING
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL 370 12.6 GRADED POTENTIALS ARE THE FIRST RESPONSE OF
A NEURON TO STIMULATION. 374 12.7 THE ACTION POTENTIAL IS AN ALL-OR-NONE
ELECTRICAL SIGNAL. 376 DEPOLARIZING PHASE 378 REPOLARIZING PHASE 378
AFTER-HYPERPOLARIZING PHASE 378 REFRACTORY PERIOD 378 12.8 ACTION
POTENTIALS PROPAGATE FROM THE TRIGGER ZONE TO AXON TERMINALS. 378
CONTINUOUS AND SALTATORY CONDUCTION 380 FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE SPEED OF
PROPAGATION 381 ENCODING OF STIMULUS INTENSITY 381 COMPARISON OF
ELECTRICAL SIGNALS PRODUCED BY EXCITABLE CELLS 381 12.9 THE SYNAPSE IS A
SPECIAL JUNCTION BETWEEN NEURONS. 382 CHEMICAL SYNAPSES 383 ELECTRICAL
SYNAPSES 384 EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS 384
SUMMATION OF POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS 384 REMOVAL OF NEUROTRANSMITTER 384
12.10 PNS NEURONS HAVE A GREATER CAPACITY FOR REPAIR AND REGENERATION
THAN CNS NEURONS. 387 DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN THE PNS 387 DAMAGE AND REPAIR
IN THE CNS 387 * JENNIFER S STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 388 CONCEPT
AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 388 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 391 CONTENTS XXIII
13 THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM F DARIUS STORY 392 INTRODUCTION 392 13.1
THE CNS CONSISTS OF THE BRAIN, THE SPINAL CORD, AND SEVERAL PROTECTIVE
STRUCTURES. 394 SKELETAL PROTECTION 395 MENINGES 395 13.2 THE CNS IS
NOURISHED AND PROTECTED BY BLOOD AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. 399 BLOOD FLOW
TO THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD 399 CEREBROSPINAL FLUID 399 13.3 THE
CEREBRUM INTERPRETS SENSORY IMPULSES, CONTROLS MUSCULAR MOVEMENTS, AND
FUNCTIONS IN INTELLECTUAL PROCESSES. 404 LOBES OF THE CEREBRUM 406
CEREBRAL WHITE MATTER 406 BASAL NUCLEI 407 13.4 THE LIMBIC SYSTEM
CONTROLS EMOTIONS, BEHAVIOR, AND MEMORY. 408 13.5 THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
CAN BE DIVIDED FUNCTIONALLY INTO SENSORY AREAS, MOTOR AREAS, AND
ASSOCIATION AREAS. 409 SENSORY AREAS 409 MOTOR AREAS 410 ASSOCIATION
AREAS 410 HEMISPHERIC LATERALIZATION 411 13.6 THE DIENCEPHALON INCLUDES
THE THALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS, AND PINEAL GLAND. 412 THALAMUS 412
HYPOTHALAMUS 414 PINEAL GLAND 415 13.7 THE MIDBRAIN, PONS, AND MEDULLA
OBLONGATA OF THE BRAIN STEM SERVE AS A RELAY STATION AND CONTROL CENTER.
415 MIDBRAIN 416 PONS 418 MEDULLA OBLONGATA 418 RETICULAR FORMATION 418
13.8 THE CEREBELLUM COORDINATES MOVEMENTS AND HELPS MAINTAIN NORMAL
MUSCLE TONE, POSTURE, AND BALANCE. 420 13.9 THE SPINAL CORD RECEIVES
SENSORY INPUT AND PROVIDES MOTOR OUTPUT THROUGH SPINAL NERVES. 421
EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL CORD 421 INTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL
CORD 421 13.10 THE SPINAL CORD CONDUCTS NERVE IMPULSES BETWEEN SPINAL
NERVES AND THE BRAIN, AND CONTAINS REFLEX PATHWAYS. 423 SENSORY AND
MOTOR TRACTS 423 SPINAL REFLEXES 424 * DARIUS STORY: EPILOGUE AND
DISCUSSION 424 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 426 UNDERSTANDING THE
CONCEPTS 429 14 THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 430 | NICK S STORY 430
INTRODUCTION 431 14.1 NERVES HAVE THREE PROTECTIVE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
COVERINGS. 432 14.2 TWELVE PAIRS OF CRANIAL NERVES DISTRIBUTE PRIMARILY
TO REGIONS OF THE HEAD AND NECK. 433 OLFACTORY (I) NERVE 434 OPTIC (II)
NERVE 435 OCULOMOTOR (III) NERVE 436 TROCHLEAR (IV) NERVE 436 TRIGEMINAL
(V) NERVE 437 *-- ABDUCENS (VI) NERVE 437 FACIAL (VII) NERVE 438
VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR (VIII) NERVE 438 GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL (IX) NERVE 438 VAGUS
(X) NERVE 440 ACCESSORY (XI) NERVE 441 HYPOGLOSSAL (XII) NERVE 442 14.3
EACH SPINAL NERVE BRANCHES INTO A POSTERIOR RAMUS, ANTERIOR RAMUS,
MENINGEAL BRANCH, AND RAMI COMMUNICANTES. 446 DISTRIBUTION OF SPINAL
NERVES 447 14.4 A REFLEX IS PRODUCED BY A REFLEX ARC IN RESPONSE TO A
PARTICULAR STIMULUS. 454 REFLEXES AND REFLEX ARCS 454 THE STRETCH REFLEX
455 THE FLEXOR REFLEX 456 XXIV CONTENTS 14.5 THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM PRODUCES INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS. 458 14.6 THE ANS INCLUDES
PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS, AUTONOMIC GANGLIA AND PLEXUSES, AND
POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS. 461 PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS 461 AUTONOMIC GANGLIA
461 POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS 464 AUTONOMIC PLEXUSES 466 14.7 ANS NEURONS
RELEASE ACETYLCHOLINE OR NOREPINEPHRINE, RESULT- ING IN EXCITATION OR
INHIBITION. 468 CHOLINERGIC NEURONS AND RECEPTORS 468 ADRENERGIC NEURONS
AND RECEPTORS 468 14.8 THE SYMPATHETIC DIVISION SUPPORTS VIGOROUS
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; THE PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION CONSERVES BODY ENERGY.
470 SYMPATHETIC RESPONSES 470 PARASYMPATHETIC RESPONSES 471 14.9
AUTONOMIC REFLEXES REGULATE CONTROLLED BODY CONDITIONS AND ARE PRIMARILY
INTEGRATED BY THE HYPOTHALAMUS. 473 AUTONOMIC REFLEXES 473 AUTONOMIC
CONTROL BY HIGHER CENTERS 473 * NICK S STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION
474 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 474 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 479 15
SENSORY, MOTOR, AND INTEGRATIVE SYSTEMS 480 SANNU S STORY 480
INTRODUCTION 481 I 15.1 SENSATIONS ARISE AS A RESULT OF STIMULATION,
TRANSDUCTION, GENERATION, AND INTEGRATION. 482 SENSORY MODALITIES 482
THE PROCESS OF SENSATION 482 15.2 SENSORY RECEPTORS CAN BE CLASSIFIED
STRUCTURALLY, FUNCTIONALLY, OR BY THE TYPE OF STIMULUS DETECTED. 483
TYPES OF SENSORY RECEPTORS 483 ADAPTATION IN SENSORY RECEPTORS 485 15.3
SOMATIC SENSATIONS INCLUDE TACTILE SENSATIONS, THERMAL SENSATIONS, PAIN,
AND PROPRIOCEPTION. 486 TACTILE SENSATIONS 486 THERMAL SENSATIONS 487
PAIN SENSATIONS 487 PROPRIOCEPTIVE SENSATIONS 488 15.4 THE SOMATOSENSORY
AND PRIMARY MOTOR AREAS OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX UNEQUALLY SERVE DIFFERENT
BODY REGIONS. 492 15.5 SOMATIC SENSORY PATHWAYS RELAY INFORMATION FROM
SENSORY RECEPTORS TO THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND CEREBELLUM. 494 POSTERIOR
COLUMN-MEDIAL LEMNISCUS PATHWAY TO THE CEREBRAL CORTEX 494 ANTEROLATERAL
PATHWAY TO THE CEREBRAL CORTEX 494 SOMATIC SENSORY PATHWAYS TO THE
CEREBELLUM- 494 15.6 SOMATIC MOTOR PATHWAYS CARRY IMPULSES FROM THE
BRAIN TO EFFECTORS. 496 ORGANIZATION OF UPPER MOTOR NEURON PATHWAYS 496
MODULATION OF MOVEMENT BY THE BASAL NUCLEI 497 MODULATION OF MOVEMENT BY
THE CEREBELLUM 497 15.7 WAKEFULNESS AND MEMORY ARE INTEGRATIVE FUNCTIONS
OF THE BRAIN. 499 WAKEFULNESS AND SLEEP LEARNING AND MEMORY * SANNU S
STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 501 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 501
UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 503 CONTENTS XXV 16 THE SPECIAL SENSES 504 F
DAN S STORY $04 INTRODUCTION 16.1 IMPULSES FOR SMELL PROPAGATE ALONG THE
OLFACTORY NERVE TO THE BRAIN. 506 ANATOMY OF THE OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM
506 PHYSIOLOGY OF OLFACTION 507 ODOR THRESHOLDS AND ADAPTATION 507 THE
OLFACTORY PATHWAY 508 16.2 IMPULSES FOR TASTE PROPAGATE ALONG THE
FACIAL, GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL, AND VAGUS NERVES TO THE BRAIN. 508 ANATOMY OF
TASTE BUDS AND PAPILLAE 509 PHYSIOLOGY OF GUSTATION 510 TASTE THRESHOLDS
AND ADAPTATION 510 THE GUSTATORY PATHWAY 511 16.3 THE EYE IS PROTECTED
BY EYELIDS, EYELASHES, EYEBROWS, AND A LACRIMAL APPARATUS. 512 ACCESSORY
STRUCTURES OF THE EYE 512 16.4 THE EYE IS CONSTRUCTED OF THREE LAYERS
AND TWO CHAMBERS. 514 FIBROUS TUNIC 514 VASCULAR TUNIC 514 RETINA 515
LENS 516 INTERIOR OF THE EYEBALL 518 16.5 IMAGE FORMATION INVOLVES
REFRACTION OF LIGHT RAYS, CHANGE IN LENS SHAPE, AND CONSTRICTION OF THE
PUPIL. 520 REFRACTION OF LIGHT RAYS 521 ACCOMMODATION AND THE NEAR POINT
OF VISION 521 REFRACTION ABNORMALITIES 522 CONSTRICTION OF THE PUPIL 522
CONVERGENCE 522 16.6 THE NEURAL PATHWAY OF LIGHT IS PHOTORECEPTORS *
BIPOLAR CELLS * GANGLION CELLS -» OPTIC NERVE - PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX.
523 PHOTORECEPTORS AND PHOTOPIGMENTS 523 LIGHT AND DARK ADAPTATION 525
RELEASE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER BY PHOTORECEPTORS 525 THE VISUAL PATHWAY 526
16.7 THE THREE MAIN REGIONS OF THE EAR ARE THE EXTERNAL, MIDDLE, AND
INTERNAL EAR. 528 * ANATOMY OF THE EAR 528 16.8 THE PATHWAY OF SOUND IS
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE - OSSICLES - OVAL WINDOW - COCHLEA -
VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE - PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX. 534 THE NATURE OF
SOUND WAVES 534 PHYSIOLOGY OF HEARING 535 THE AUDITORY PATHWAY 536 16.9
IMPULSES FOR EQUILIBRIUM PROPAGATE ALONG THE VESTIBULOCO- CHLEAR NERVE
TO THE BRAIN. 537 PHYSIOLOGY OF EQUILIBRIUM 537 EQUILIBRIUM PATHWAYS 540
* DAN S STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 542 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY
542 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 547 17 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 548 * I
CAROLYN S STORY 548 INTRODUCTION 549 17.1 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM WORKS
MORE SLOWLY THAN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, RELEASING HORMONES THAT REGULATE
VIRTUALLY ALL BODY CELLS. 550 ENDOCRINE GLANDS 550 17.2 THE SECRETION OF
HORMONES IS REGULATED BY THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE
BLOOD, AND OTHER HORMONES. 551 * THE ROLE OF HORMONE RECEPTORS 551
CHEMICAL CLASSES OF HORMONES 552 HORMONE TRANSPORT IN THE BLOOD 552
MECHANISM OF HORMONE ACTION 552 CONTROL OF HORMONE SECRETION 554 17.3
THE HYPOTHALAMUS REGULATES ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONE SECRETION OF SEVEN
IMPORTANT HORMONES. 555 THE HYPOTHALAMUS 555 THE PITUITARY GLAND 555
17.4 OXYTOCIN AND ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE ORIGINATE IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND
ARE STORED IN THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY. 560 OXYTOCIN 561 ANTIDIURETIC
HORMONE 562 XXVI CONTENTS 17.5 THE THYROID GLAND SECRETES THYROXINE,
TRIIODOTHYRONINE, AND CALCITONIN. 564 FORMATION, STORAGE, AND RELEASE OF
THYROID HORMONES 565 CONTROL OF THYROID HORMONE SECRETION 566 ACTIONS OF
THYROID HORMONES 566 CALCITONIN 566 17.6 THE PARATHYROID GLANDS SECRETE
PARATHYROID HORMONE, WHICH REGULATES CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND PHOSPHATE
ION LEVELS. 567 PARATHYROID HORMONE 567 17.7 THE ADRENAL CORTEX SECRETES
MINERALOCORTICOIDS, GLUCOCORTICOIDS, AND ANDROGENS; THE ADRENAL MEDULLA
, SECRETES EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE. 570 ADRENAL CORTEX 571
ADRENAL MEDULLA 573 17.8 THE PANCREATIC ISLETS REGULATE BLOOD GLUCOSE
LEVELS BY SECRETING GLUCAGON AND INSULIN. 574 REGULATION OF GLUCAGON AND
INSULIN SECRETION 575 17.9 THE OVARIES PRODUCE ESTROGENS, PROGESTERONE,
AND INHIBIN; THE TESTES PRODUCE TESTOSTERONE AND INHIBIN. 577 17.10 THE
PINEAL GLAND SECRETES MELATONIN, WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO SETTING THE BODY S
BIOLOGICAL CLOCK. 578 * CAROLYN S STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 578
CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 579 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 583 18 THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: THE BLOOD 584 18.1 BLOOD CONTAINS PLASMA AND
FORMED ELEMENTS AND TRANSPORTS ESSENTIAL SUBSTANCES THROUGH THE BODY.
586 FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD 586 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD 586
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD 586 18.2 HEMOPOIESIS IS THE PRODUCTION OF FORMED
ELEMENTS. 589 18.3 MATURE RED BLOOD CELLS ARE BICONCAVE CELLS CONTAINING
HEMOGLOBIN. 590 RBC ANATOMY 590 RBC PHYSIOLOGY 590 18.4 RED BLOOD CELLS
HAVE A LIFE CYCLE OF 120 DAYS. 591 18.5 ERYTHROPOIESIS IS THE PROCESS OF
RED BLOOD CELL FORMATION. 593 18.6 BLOOD IS CATEGORIZED INTO GROUPS
BASED ON SURFACE ANTIGENS. 594 ABO BLOOD GROUP 594 RH BLOOD GROUP 595
TRANSFUSIONS 595 18.7 WHITE BLOOD CELLS COMBAT INFLAMMATION AND
INFECTION. 596 WBC ANATOMY AND TYPES 596 WBC FUNCTIONS 597 * WBC LIFE
SPAN 598 18.8 PLATELETS REDUCE BLOOD LOSS FROM DAMAGED VESSELS. 598 18.9
HEMOSTASIS IS THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS THAT STOPS BLEEDING FROM A DAMAGED
BLOOD VESSEL. 600 VASCULAR SPASM 601 PLATELET PLUG FORMATION 601 BLOOD
CLOTTING 601 HEMOSTATIC CONTROL MECHANISMS 603 CLOTTING IN BLOOD VESSELS
603 * ED S STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 604 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE
SUMMARY 605 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 607 CONTENTS XXVII 19 THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: THE HEART 608 P RRA^ESWTWORY BUS INTRODUCTION 609
19.1 THE HEART IS LOCATED IN THE MEDIASTINUM AND HAS A MUSCULAR WALL
COVERED BY PERICARDIUM. 610 LOCATION OF THE HEART 610 PERICARDIUM 611
LAYERS OF THE HEART WALL 611 19.2 THE HEART HAS FOUR CHAMBERS, TWO UPPER
ATRIA AND TWO LOWER VENTRICLES. 612 RIGHT ATRIUM 614 RIGHT VENTRICLE 614
LEFT ATRIUM 616 LEFT VENTRICLE 616 MYOCARDIAL THICKNESS AND FUNCTION 616
19.3 HEART VALVES ENSURE ONE-WAY FLOW OF BLOOD. 617 OPERATION OF THE
ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES 617 OPERATION OF THE SEMILUNAR VALVES 618 19.4
THE HEART PUMPS BLOOD TO THE LUNGS FOR OXYGENATION, THEN PUMPS
OXYGEN-RICH BLOOD THROUGHOUT THE BODY. 619 SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY
CIRCULATIONS 619 CORONARY CIRCULATION 619 19.5 THE CARDIAC CONDUCTION
SYSTEM COORDINATES HEART CONTRACTIONS FOR EFFECTIVE PUMPING. 622 19.6
THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IS A RECORD OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH
EACH HEARTBEAT. 623 ELECTROCARDIOGRAM 623 CORRELATION OF ECG WAVES WITH
HEART ACTIVITY 624 19.7 THE CARDIAC CYCLE REPRESENTS ALL THE EVENTS
ASSOCIATED WITH ONE HEARTBEAT. 626 PRESSURE AND VOLUME CHANGES DURING
THE CARDIAC CYCLE 626 HEART SOUNDS 628 19.8 CARDIAC OUTPUT IS THE BLOOD
VOLUME EJECTED BY A VENTRICLE EACH MINUTE. 629 REGULATION OF STROKE
VOLUME 629 REGULATION OF HEART RATE 630 * PRAKESH S STORY: EPILOGUE AND
DISCUSSION 631 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 632 UNDERSTANDING THE
CONCEPTS 635 20 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD VESSELS 636 DAVID S
STORY 636 INTRODUCTION 637 20.1 MOST BLOOD VESSEL WALLS HAVE THREE
DISTINCT TISSUE LAYERS. 638 TUNICA INTERNA 638 TUNICA MEDIA 639 TUNICA
EXTERNA 639 20.2 BLOOD EJECTED FROM THE HEART FLOWS THROUGH ELASTIC
ARTERIES, MUSCULAR ARTERIES, AND THEN ARTERIOLES. 640 ELASTIC ARTERIES
640 MUSCULAR ARTERIES 640 ANASTOMOSES 641 ARTERIOLES 641 20.3
CAPILLARIES ARE MICROSCOPIC BLOOD VESSELS THAT FUNCTION IN EXCHANGE
BETWEEN BLOOD AND INTERSTITIAL FLUID. 642 STRUCTURE OF CAPILLARIES 642
AUTOREGULATION OF CAPILLARY BLOOD FLOW 642 TYPES OF CAPILLARIES 643
CAPILLARY EXCHANGE 643 ! 20.4 VENULES AND VEINS RETURN BLOOD TO THE
HEART. VENULES 645 645 VEINS 645 VENOUS RETURN 645 BLOOD DISTRIBUTION
647 20.5 BLOOD FLOW OCCURS FROM REGIONS OF HIGHER PRESSURE TO THOSE OF
LOWER PRESSURE. 649 BLOOD PRESSURE 649 VASCULAR RESISTANCE 649 20.6
BLOOD PRESSURE IS REGULATED BY NEURAL AND HORMONAL NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
SYSTEMS. 650 ROLE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR CENTER 651 NEURAL REGULATION OF
BLOOD PRESSURE 651 HORMONAL REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE 652 20.7
MEASUREMENT OF THE PULSE AND BLOOD PRESSURE HELP ASSESS CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM FUNCTION. 653 PULSE 653 MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE 653 XXVIII
CONTENTS 20.8 THE TWO MAIN CIRCULATORY ROUTES ARE THE PULMONARY
CIRCULATION AND THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION. 655 PULMONARY CIRCULATION 656
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION 657 20.9 SYSTEMIC ARTERIES CARRY BLOOD FROM THE
HEART TO ALL BODY ORGANS EXCEPT THE LUNGS. 658 THE AORTA AND ITS
BRANCHES 661 ASCENDING AORTA 662 THE ARCH OF THE AORTA 662 THORACIC
AORTA 666 ABDOMINAL AORTA 669 ARTERIES OF THE PELVIS AND LOWER LIMBS 673
20.10 SYSTEMIC VEINS RETURN BLOOD TO THE HEART FROM ALL BODY ORGANS
EXCEPT THE LUNGS. 677 VEINS OF THE HEAD AND NECK 678 VEINS OF THE UPPER
LIMBS 681 VEINS OF THE THORAX 685 VEINS OF THE ABDOMEN AND PELVIS VEINS
OF THE LOWER LIMBS 690 HEPATIC PORTAL CIRCULATION 693 * DAVID S STORY:
EPILOGUE AND F DISCUSSION 695 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 695
UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 699 688 21 THE LYMPHATIC RYSTFM AND IMMUNITY
700 [ MARLENE S STORY 700 INTRODUCTION 701 21.1 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
DRAINS INTERSTITIAL FLUID, TRANSPORTS DIETARY LIPIDS, AND PROTECTS
AGAINST INVASION. 702 21.2 LYMPH FLOWS THROUGH LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES,
LYMPHATIC VESSELS, AND LYMPH NODES. 703 LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES 703 LYMPH
TRUNKS AND DUCTS 704 FORMATION AND FLOW OF LYMPH 704 21.3 THE LYMPHATIC
ORGANS AND TISSUES INCLUDE THE THYMUS, LYMPH NODES, SPLEEN, AND
LYMPHATIC NODULES. 706 THYMUS 706 LYMPH NODES 707 SPLEEN 709 LYMPHATIC
NODULES 709 21.4 INNATE IMMUNITY INCLUDES EXTERNAL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
BARRIERS AND VARIOUS INTERNAL DEFENSES. 710 FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE: SKIN
AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES 710 SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE: INTERNAL DEFENSES 711
21.5 ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY INVOLVES THE PRODUCTION OF A SPECIFIC LYMPHOCYTE
OR ANTIBODY AGAINST A SPECIFIC ANTIGEN. 715 MATURATION OF T CELLS AND B
CELLS 715 TYPES OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY 715 CLONAL SELECTION 716 ANTIGENS
717 MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX ANTIGENS 717 PROCESSING AND
PRESENTING ANTIGENS 717 CYTOKINES 718 21.6 IN CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY,
CYTOTOXIC T CELLS DIRECTLY ATTACK TARGET CELLS. 719 ACTIVATION OF T
CELLS 719 ELIMINATION OF INVADERS 721 21.7 IN ANTIBODY-MEDIATED
IMMUNITY, ANTIBODIES SPECIFICALLY TARGET A PARTICULAR ANTIGEN. 723
ACTIVATION AND CLONAL SELECTION OF B CELLS 723 ANTIBODIES 723 ANTIBODY
ACTIONS 724 21.8 THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM DESTROYS MICROBES THROUGH
PHAGOCYTOSIS, CYTOLYSIS, AND INFLAMMATION. 726 21.9 IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY
RESULTS IN A MORE INTENSE SECONDARY RESPONSE TO AN ANTIGEN. 727 *
MARLENE S STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 728 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE
SUMMARY 728 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 731 CONTENTS XXIX 22 THE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM GLENDA S STORY 732 INTRODUCTION 733 732 22.1 INHALED
AIR TRAVELS IN THE UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM THROUGH THE NASAL CAVITIES
AND THEN THROUGH THE PHARYNX. 734 NOSE 734 PHARYNX 737 22.2 INHALED AIR
TRAVELS IN THE LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FROM THE LARYNX TO ALVEOLI. 738
LARYNX 738 THE STRUCTURES OF VOICE PRODUCTION 740 TRACHEA 741 BRONCHI
742 LUNGS 743 22.3 INHALATION AND EXHALATION RESULT FROM PRESSURE
CHANGES CAUSED BY MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION. 747 PRESSURE
CHANGES DURING PULMONARY VENTILATION 747 OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING
PULMONARY VENTILATION 751 MODIFIED RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS 752 22.4 LUNG
VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES ARE MEASURED TO DETERMINE THE RESPIRATORY STATUS
OF AN INDIVIDUAL. 753 22.5 OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE DIFFUSION IS BASED
ON PARTIAL PRESSURE GRADIENTS AND SOLUBILITY. 755 22.6 RESPIRATION
OCCURS BETWEEN ALVEOLI AND PULMONARY CAPILLARIES AND BETWEEN SYSTEMIC
CAPILLARIES AND TISSUE CELLS. 755 22.7 OXYGEN IS PRIMARILY TRANSPORTED
ATTACHED TO HEMOGLOBIN, WHILE CARBON DIOXIDE IS TRANSPORTED IN THREE
DIFFERENT WAYS. 758 OXYGEN TRANSPORT 758 CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORT 761
SUMMARY OF GAS EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT IN LUNGS AND TISSUES 761 22.8 THE
BASIC RHYTHM OF RESPIRATION IS CONTROLLED BY THE RESPIRATORY CENTER IN
THE BRAIN STEM. 763 MEDULLARY RHYTHMICITY AREA 763 PNEUMOTAXIC AREA 764
APNEUSTIC AREA 764 22.9 RESPIRATION MAY BE MODIFIED BY CORTICAL
INFLUENCES, CHEMICAL STIMULI, PROPRIOCEPTOR INPUT, AND THE INFLATION
REFLEX. 765 CORTICAL INFLUENCES ON RESPIRATION 765 CHEMORECEPTOR
REGULATION OF RESPIRATION 765 PROPRIOCEPTOR STIMULATION OF RESPIRATION
766 THE INFLATION REFLEX 767 OTHER INFLUENCES ON RESPIRATION 767 22.10
ACID-BASE BALANCE IS MAINTAINED BY CONTROLLING THE H + CONCENTRATION OF
BODY FLUIDS. 768 THE ACTIONS OF BUFFER SYSTEMS 768 EXHALATION OF CARBON
DIOXIDE 769 ACID-BASE IMBALANCES 770 * GLENDA S STORY: EPILOGUE AND
DISCUSSION 770 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 771 UNDERSTANDING THE
CONCEPTS 775 23 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 776 CHLOE S STORY 776 INTRODUCTION
777 23.1 THE GL TRACT IS A CONTINUOUS MULTILAYERED TUBE EXTENDING FROM
THE MOUTH TO THE ANUS. 778 OVERVIEW OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 778 LAYERS
OF THE GI TRACT 779 PERITONEUM 781 NEURAL INNERVATION OF THE GI TRACT
782 23.2 THE MOUTH LUBRICATES AND BEGINS DIGESTION OF FOOD, AND
MANEUVERS IT TO THE PHARYNX FOR SWALLOWING. 783 TONGUE 784 SALIVARY
GLANDS 784 TEETH 786 MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL DIGESTION IN THE MOUTH 787
23.3 SWALLOWING CONSISTS OF VOLUNTARY ORAL, INVOLUNTARY PHARYNGEAL, AND
INVOLUNTARY ESOPHAGEAL STAGES. 788 PHARYNX 788 ESOPHAGUS 788 DEGLUTITION
789 23.4 THE STOMACH MECHANICALLY BREAKS DOWN THE BOLUS AND MIXES IT
WITH GASTRIC SECRETIONS. 790 ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH 792 HISTOLOGY OF THE
STOMACH 792 MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL DIGESTION IN THE STOMACH 794 XXX C
NTENTS 23.5 THE PANCREAS SECRETES PANCREATIC JUICE, THE LIVER SECRETES
BILE, AND THE GALLBLADDER STORES AND CONCENTRATES BILE. 796 PANCREAS 796
LIVER AND GALLBLADDER 798 23.6 IN THE SMALL INTESTINE, CHYME MIXES WITH
DIGESTIVE JUICES FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE, PANCREAS, AND LIVER. 801
ANATOMY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE 802 HISTOLOGY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE 802
ROLE OF INTESTINAL JUICE AND BRUSH BORDER ENZYMES 802 MECHANICAL
DIGESTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE 805 CHEMICAL DIGESTION IN THE SMALL
INTESTINE 805 ABSORPTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE 807 23.7 IN THE LARGE
INTESTINE, THE FINAL SECRETION AND ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS OCCUR AS
CHYME MOVES TOWARD THE RECTUM. 810 ANATOMY OF THE LARGE INTESTINE 810
HISTOLOGY OF THE LARGE INTESTINE 812 MECHANICAL DIGESTION IN THE LARGE
INTESTINE 812 CHEMICAL DIGESTION IN THE LARGE INTESTINE 814 ABSORPTION
AND FECES FORMATION IN THE LARGE INTESTINE 814 THE DEFECATION REFLEX 814
23.8 DIGESTIVE ACTIVITIES OCCUR IN THREE OVERLAPPING PHASES: CEPHALIC,
GASTRIC, AND INTESTINAL. 815 CEPHALIC PHASE 815 GASTRIC PHASE 815
INTESTINAL PHASE 816 23.9 FOOD MOLECULES SUPPLY ENERGY FOR LIFE
PROCESSES AND SERVE AS BUILDING BLOCKS FOR COMPLEX MOLECULES. 818
GUIDELINES FOR HEALTHY EATING 818 MINERALS 819 VITAMINS 819 23.10
METABOLISM INCLUDES THE CATABOLISM AND ANABOLISM OF MOLECULES. 820
METABOLIC REACTIONS 820 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM GLUCOSE CATABOLISM 821
LIPID METABOLISM 823 PROTEIN METABOLISM 825 CHLOE S STORY: EPILOGUE AND
DISCUSSION 827 821 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 827 UNDERSTANDING THE
CONCEPTS 833 24 THE URINARY SYSTEM 834 T ANDY S STORY 834 INTRODUTMOH
24.1 THE KIDNEYS REGULATE THE COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD, PRODUCE
HORMONES, AND EXCRETE WASTES. 836 24.2 AS URINE FORMS, IT TRAVELS
THROUGH THE RENAL MEDULLA, CALYCES, AND RENAL PELVIS. 837 EXTERNAL
ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEYS 838 INTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEYS 838 BLOOD
SUPPLY OF THE KIDNEYS 839 24.3 EACH NEPHRON CONSISTS OF A RENAL
CORPUSCLE AND A RENAL TUBULE. 841 PARTS OF A NEPHRON 841 HISTOLOGY OF
THE NEPHRON AND COLLECTING DUCT 843 24.4 URINE IS FORMED BY GLOMERULAR
FILTRATION, TUBULAR SECRETION, AND TUBULAR REABSORPTION. 844 24.5 WATER
AND SOLUTES ARE FORCED THROUGH THE FILTRATION MEMBRANE DURING GLOMERULAR
FILTRATION. 845 THE FILTRATION MEMBRANE 846 NET FILTRATION PRESSURE 847
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE 848 24.6 TUBULAR REABSORPTION RECLAIMS NEEDED
SUBSTANCES FROM THE FILTRATE, WHILE TUBULAR SECRETION DISCHARGES
UNNEEDED SUBSTANCES. 850 PRINCIPLES OF TUBULAR REABSORPTION AND
SECRETION 850 REABSORPTION AND SECRETION IN THE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED
TUBULE 852 REABSORPTION IN THE LOOP OF HENLE 853 REABSORPTION AND
SECRETION IN THE DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE AND COLLECTING DUCT 854 24.7
FIVE HORMONES REGULATE TUBULAR REABSORPTION AND TUBULAR SECRETION. 855
RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE 856 ATRIAL
NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE 856 PARATHYROID HORMONE 856 855 CONTENTS XXXI 24.8
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE AFFECTS THE CONCENTRATION OF URINE PRODUCED BY THE
KIDNEYS. 857 FORMATION OF DILUTE URINE 857 FORMATION OF CONCENTRATED
URINE 858 24.9 THE URETERS TRANSPORT URINE FROM THE RENAL PELVIS TO THE
URINARY BLADDER WHERE IT IS STORED UNTIL MICTURITION. 862 URETERS 862
URINARY BLADDER 863 URETHRA 863 24.10 THE KIDNEYS HELP MAINTAIN THE
OVERALL FLUID AND ACID-BASE BALANCE OF THE BODY. 865 FLUID BALANCE 865
ACID-BASE BALANCE 866 * ANDY S STORY: EPILOGUE AND DISCUSSION 868
CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 868 UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS 873 25 THE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS AND DEVELOPMENT 874 LOU INTRODUCTION* 25.1 THE
SCROTUM SUPPORTS AND REGULATES THE TEMPERATURE OF THE TESTES, WHICH
PRODUCE SPERMATOZOA. 876 SCROTUM 876 TESTES 877 25.2 SPERM TRAVEL
THROUGH THE EPIDIDYMIS, DUCTUS DEFERENS, EJACULATORY DUCTS, AND URETHRA.
884 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DUCTS IN MALES 884 ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS 885
SEMEN 886 PENIS 886 25.3 AFTER A SECONDARY OOCYTE IS DISCHARGED FROM AN
OVARY, IT MAY UNDERGO FERTILIZATION AND IMPLANTATION IN THE UTERUS. 888
OVARIES 888 UTERINE TUBES 895 UTERUS 896 25.4 THE VAGINA IS A PASSAGEWAY
FOR CHILDBIRTH; THE MAMMARY GLANDS SECRETE MILK. 899 VAGINA 899 VULVA
899 PERINEUM 901 MAMMARY GLANDS 901 25.5 THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
INCLUDES THE OVARIAN AND UTERINE CYCLES. 902 HORMONAL REGULATION OF THE
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE 903 PHASES OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE
904 25.6 THE ZYGOTE DIVIDES INTO A MORULA AND THEN A BLASTOCYST THAT
IMPLANTS IN THE ENDOMETRIUM OF THE UTERUS. 908 ~ FERTILIZATION 908
EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT 910 IMPLANTATION 910 25.7 DURING THE
EMBRYONIC PERIOD, THE EMBRYONIC MEMBRANES AND MOST MAJOR ORGANS DEVELOP.
912 DEVELOPMENT OF THE TROPHOBLAST 912 DEVELOPMENT OF THE BILAMINAR
EMBRYONIC DISC 912 DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMNION 914 DEVELOPMENT OF THE YOLK
SAC 914 DEVELOPMENT OF MATERNAL SINUSOIDS 914 DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHORION
914 DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHORIONIC VILLI 914 THIRD WEEK OF DEVELOPMENT 914
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL CORD 915 FOURTH THROUGH EIGHTH
WEEKS OF DEVELOPMENT 916 FETAL PERIOD 916 25.8 DURING PREGNANCY THE
UTERUS EXPANDS, MATERNAL GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ORGANS ARE DISPLACED,
AND THE URETERS AND URINARY BLADDER ARE COMPRESSED. 919 HORMONES OF
PREGNANCY 919 CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY 921 25.9 LABOR INCLUDES DILATION
OF THE CERVIX AND EXPULSION OF THE FETUS AND PLACENTA. 923 25.10 MILK
PRODUCTION AND EJECTION ARE INFLUENCED BY PROLACTIN, ESTROGENS,
PROGESTERONE, AND OXYTOCIN. 924 * LOU AND SUSAN S: EPILOGUE AND
DISCUSSION 926 CONCEPT AND RESOURCE SUMMARY 926 UNDERSTANDING THE
CONCEPTS 931 XXXII CONTENTS APPENDIX A MEASUREMENTS A-1 APPENDIX B
PERIODIC TABLE B-1 APPENDIX C ANSWERS TO CHECKPOINT QUESTIONS C-1
GLOSSARY G-1 CREDITS CR-1 INDEX 1-1
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Jenkins, Gail W. Kemnitz, Christopher P. Tortora, Gerard J. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)132130270 |
| author_facet | Jenkins, Gail W. Kemnitz, Christopher P. Tortora, Gerard J. |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Jenkins, Gail W. |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035823186 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QP34 |
| callnumber-raw | QP34.5 |
| callnumber-search | QP34.5 |
| callnumber-sort | QP 234.5 |
| callnumber-subject | QP - Physiology |
| classification_rvk | WW 1000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)233939838 (DE-599)BVBBV035823186 |
| dewey-full | 612 610 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 612 - Human physiology 610 - Medicine and health |
| dewey-raw | 612 610 |
| dewey-search | 612 610 |
| dewey-sort | 3612 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Biologie Medizin |
| edition | 2. ed., internat. student version |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV035823186 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:05:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780470448724 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2008036130 |
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| publisher | Wiley |
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| spelling | Jenkins, Gail W. Verfasser aut Anatomy and physiology from science to life Gail W. Jenkins ; Christopher P. Kemnitz ; Gerard J. Tortora 2. ed., internat. student version Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2010 getr. Zählung txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Erg. bildet: Tortora, Gerard J.: Clinical connections Human anatomy Human physiology Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd rswk-swf Anatomie (DE-588)4001895-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 s DE-604 Anatomie (DE-588)4001895-7 s b DE-604 Kemnitz, Christopher P. Verfasser aut Tortora, Gerard J. Verfasser (DE-588)132130270 aut http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0826/2008036130.html Table of contents only HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018681902&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Jenkins, Gail W. Kemnitz, Christopher P. Tortora, Gerard J. Anatomy and physiology from science to life Human anatomy Human physiology Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd Anatomie (DE-588)4001895-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045981-0 (DE-588)4001895-7 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Anatomy and physiology from science to life |
| title_auth | Anatomy and physiology from science to life |
| title_exact_search | Anatomy and physiology from science to life |
| title_full | Anatomy and physiology from science to life Gail W. Jenkins ; Christopher P. Kemnitz ; Gerard J. Tortora |
| title_fullStr | Anatomy and physiology from science to life Gail W. Jenkins ; Christopher P. Kemnitz ; Gerard J. Tortora |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anatomy and physiology from science to life Gail W. Jenkins ; Christopher P. Kemnitz ; Gerard J. Tortora |
| title_short | Anatomy and physiology |
| title_sort | anatomy and physiology from science to life |
| title_sub | from science to life |
| topic | Human anatomy Human physiology Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd Anatomie (DE-588)4001895-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Human anatomy Human physiology Physiologie Anatomie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0826/2008036130.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018681902&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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