Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 569 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780521846516 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Pethick, Christopher |d 1942- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)151905649 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases |c C. J. Pethick ; H. Smith |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a BoseEinstein condensation in dilute gases |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Bose Einstein condensation in dilute gases |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 569 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Condensation de Bose-Einstein | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gaz | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bose-Einstein condensation | |
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| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Smith, Henrik |d 1939- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)131503758 |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018677947&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018677947 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140774608076800 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
page
xiii
1
Introduction
1
1.1
Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic clouds
4
1.2
Superfluid 4He
7
1.3
Other condensates
9
1.4
Overview
10
Problems
15
References
15
2
The non-interacting
Bose gas
17
2.1
The
Bose
distribution
17
2.1.1
Density of states
19
2.2
Transition temperature and condensate fraction
21
2.2.1
Condensate fraction
24
2.3
Density profile and velocity distribution
25
2.3.1
The semi-classical distribution
28
2.4
Thermodynamic quantities
33
2.4.1
Condensed phase
33
2.4.2
Normal phase
35
2.4.3
Specific heat close to Tc
36
2.5
Effect of finite particle number
38
Problems
39
References
40
3
Atomic properties
41
3.1
Atomic structure
41
3.2
The
Zeeman
effect
45
3.3
Response to an electric field
50
vi
Contents
3.4
Energy
scales
56
Problems
58
References
59
4
Trapping and cooling of atoms
60
4.1
Magnetic traps
61
4.1.1
The quadrupole trap
62
4.1.2
The TOP trap
64
4.1.3
Magnetic bottles and the Ioffe-Pritchard trap
66
4.1.4
Microtraps
69
4.2
Influence of laser light on an atom
71
4.2.1
Forces on an atom in a laser field
75
4.2.2
Optical traps
77
4.3
Laser cooling: the
Doppler
process
78
4.4
The magneto-optical trap
82
4.5
Sisyphus cooling
84
4.6
Evaporative cooling
96
4.7
Spin-polarized hydrogen
103
Problems
106
References
107
5
Interactions between atoms
109
5.1
Interatomic potentials and the van
der Waals
interaction
110
5.2
Basic scattering theory
114
5.2.1
Effective interactions and the scattering length
119
5.3
Scattering length for a model potential
125
5.4
Scattering between different internal states
130
5.4.1
Inelastic processes
135
5.4.2
Elastic scattering and Feshbach resonances
143
5.5
Determination of scattering lengths
151
5.5.1
Scattering lengths for alkali atoms and hydrogen
154
Problems
156
References
156
6
Theory of the condensed state
159
6.1
The Gross-Pitaevskii equation
159
6.2
The ground state for trapped bosons
162
6.2.1
A variational calculation
165
6.2.2
The Thomas-Fermi approximation
168
6.3
Surface structure of clouds
171
6.4
Healing of the condensate wave function
175
Contents
vii
6.5
Condensates with dipolar interactions
176
Problems
179
References
180
7
Dynamics of the condensate
182
7.1
General formulation
182
7.1.1
The hydrodynamic equations
184
7.2
Elementary excitations
188
7.3
Collective modes in traps
196
7.3.1
Traps with spherical symmetry
197
7.3.2 Anisotropie
traps
200
7.3.3
Collective coordinates and the variational method
204
7.4
Surface modes
211
7.5
Free expansion of the condensate
213
7.6
Solitons
215
7.6.1
Dark solitons
216
7.6.2
Bright solitons
222
Problems
223
References
224
8
Microscopic theory of the
Bose gas
225
8.1
The uniform
Bose gas
226
8.1.1
The Bogoliubov transformation
229
8.1.2
Elementary excitations
230
8.1.3
Depletion of the condensate
231
8.1.4
Ground-state energy
233
8.1.5
States with definite particle number
234
8.2
Excitations in a trapped gas
236
8.3
Non-zero temperature
241
8.3.1
The Hartree-Fock approximation
242
8.3.2
The Popov approximation
248
8.3.3
Excitations in non-uniform gases
250
8.3.4
The semi-classical approximation
251
Problems
253
References
253
9
Rotating condensates
255
9.1
Potential flow and quantized circulation
255
9.2
Structure of a single vortex
257
9.2.1
A vortex in a uniform medium
257
9.2.2
Vortices with multiple quanta of circulation
261
viii Contents
9.2.3
A vortex in a trapped cloud
262
9.2.4
An off-axis vortex
265
9.3
Equilibrium of rotating condensates
265
9.3.1
Traps with an axis of symmetry
266
9.3.2
Rotating traps
267
9.3.3
Vortex arrays
270
9.4
Experiments on vortices
273
9.5
Rapidly rotating condensates
275
9.6
Collective modes in a vortex lattice
280
Problems
286
References
288
10
Superfluidity
290
10.1
The Landau criterion
291
10.2
The two-component picture
294
10.2.1
Momentum carried by excitations
294
10.2.2
Normal fluid density
295
10.3
Dynamical processes
296
10.4
First and second sound
300
10.5
Interactions between excitations
307
10.5.1
Landau damping
308
Problems
314
References
315
11
Trapped clouds at non-zero temperature
316
11.1
Equilibrium properties
317
11.1.1
Energy scales
317
11.1.2
Transition temperature
319
11.1.3
Thermodynamic properties
321
11.2
Collective modes
325
11.2.1
Hydrodynamic modes above Tc
328
11.3
Collisional relaxation above Tc
334
11.3.1
Relaxation of temperature anisotropies
339
11.3.2
Damping of oscillations
342
Problems
345
References
346
12
Mixtures and spinor condensates
348
12.1
Mixtures
349
12.1.1
Equilibrium properties
350
12.1.2
Collective modes
354
Contents ix
12.2
Spinor
condensates
356
12.2.1
Mean-field description
358
12.2.2
Beyond the mean-field approximation
360
Problems
363
References
364
13
Interference and correlations
365
13.1
Tunnelling between two wells
365
13.1.1
Quantum fluctuations
371
13.1.2
Squeezed states
373
13.2
Interference of two condensates
374
13.2.1
Phase-locked sources
375
13.2.2
Clouds with definite particle number
381
13.3
Density correlations in
Bose
gases
384
13.3.1
Collisional shifts of spectral lines
386
13.4
Coherent matter wave optics
390
13.5
Criteria for
Bose—
Einstein condensation
394
13.5.1
The density matrix
394
13.5.2
Fragmented condensates
397
Problems
399
References
399
14
Optical lattices
401
14.1
Generation of optical lattices
402
14.1.1
One-dimensional lattices
403
14.1.2
Higher-dimensional lattices
406
14.1.3
Energy scales
407
14.2
Energy bands
409
14.2.1
Band structure for a single particle
409
14.2.2
Band structure for interacting particles
411
14.2.3
Tight-binding model
416
14.3
Stability
418
14.3.1
Hydrodynamic analysis
421
14.4
Intrinsic non-linear effects
423
14.4.1
Loops
423
14.4.2
Spatial period doubling
427
14.5
From superfluid to insulator
431
14.5.1
Mean-field approximation
433
14.5.2
Effect of trapping potential
439
14.5.3
Experimental detection of coherence
439
x
Contents
Problems 441
References
442
15
Lower dimensions
444
15.1
Non-interacting gases
445
15.2
Phase fluctuations
447
15.2.1
Vortices and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless
transition
451
15.3
Microscopic theory of phase fluctuations
453
15.3.1
Uniform systems
455
15.3.2 Anisotropie
traps
456
15.4
The one-dimensional
Bose
gas
460
15.4.1
The strong-coupling limit
461
15.4.2
Arbitrary coupling
466
15.4.3
Correlation functions
474
Problems
479
References
480
16
Fermions
481
16.1
Equilibrium properties
483
16.2
Effects of interactions
486
16.3
Superfluidity
489
16.3.1
Transition temperature
491
16.3.2
Induced interactions
496
16.3.3
The condensed phase
498
16.4
Pairing with unequal populations
506
16.5
Boson-fermion mixtures
508
16.5.1
Induced interactions in mixtures
509
Problems
511
References
513
17
From atoms to molecules
514
17.1
Bose-Einstein condensation of molecules
516
17.2
Diatomic molecules
518
17.2.1
Binding energy and the atom-atom scattering
length
518
17.2.2
A simple two-channel model
520
17.2.3
Atom-atom scattering
526
17.3
Crossover: From BCS to
ВЕС
527
17.3.1
Wide and narrow Feshbach resonances
528
17.3.2
The BCS wave function
530
Contents xi
17.3.3
Crossover at zero temperature
531
17.3.4
Condensate fraction and pair wave function
535
17.4
Crossover at non-zero temperature
540
17.4.1
Thermal molecules
540
17.4.2
Pair fluctuations and thermal molecules
543
17.4.3
Density of atoms
548
17.4.4
Transition temperature
549
17.5
A universal limit
550
17.6
Experiments in the crossover region
553
17.6.1
Collective modes
553
17.6.2
Vortices
556
Problems
559
References
560
Appendix. Fundamental constants and conversion factors
562
Index
564
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Pethick, Christopher 1942- Smith, Henrik 1939- |
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| dewey-full | 530.4/2 530.43 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 530 - Physics |
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| discipline | Physik |
| edition | 2. ed. |
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| id | DE-604.BV035819160 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:05:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780521846516 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018677947 |
| oclc_num | 166362169 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| owner_facet | DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 DE-188 |
| physical | XIV, 569 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Pethick, Christopher 1942- Verfasser (DE-588)151905649 aut Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases C. J. Pethick ; H. Smith BoseEinstein condensation in dilute gases Bose Einstein condensation in dilute gases 2. ed. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2008 XIV, 569 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Condensation de Bose-Einstein Gaz Bose-Einstein condensation Verdünntes Gas (DE-588)4300367-9 gnd rswk-swf Bose-Einstein-Kondensation (DE-588)4402897-0 gnd rswk-swf Bose-Einstein-Kondensation (DE-588)4402897-0 s Verdünntes Gas (DE-588)4300367-9 s DE-604 Smith, Henrik 1939- Verfasser (DE-588)131503758 aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018677947&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pethick, Christopher 1942- Smith, Henrik 1939- Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases Condensation de Bose-Einstein Gaz Bose-Einstein condensation Verdünntes Gas (DE-588)4300367-9 gnd Bose-Einstein-Kondensation (DE-588)4402897-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4300367-9 (DE-588)4402897-0 |
| title | Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases |
| title_alt | BoseEinstein condensation in dilute gases Bose Einstein condensation in dilute gases |
| title_auth | Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases |
| title_exact_search | Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases |
| title_full | Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases C. J. Pethick ; H. Smith |
| title_fullStr | Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases C. J. Pethick ; H. Smith |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases C. J. Pethick ; H. Smith |
| title_short | Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases |
| title_sort | bose einstein condensation in dilute gases |
| topic | Condensation de Bose-Einstein Gaz Bose-Einstein condensation Verdünntes Gas (DE-588)4300367-9 gnd Bose-Einstein-Kondensation (DE-588)4402897-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Condensation de Bose-Einstein Gaz Bose-Einstein condensation Verdünntes Gas Bose-Einstein-Kondensation |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018677947&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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