Cultura Starčevo-Criş în depresiunea Şimleului:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Romanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cluj-Napoca
Ed. Mega
2008
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Starčevo-Criş culture in Şimleu depression |
| Beschreibung: | 183 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789731868370 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805084426487463936 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CUPRINS
CADRUL GEOGRAFIC
7
ISTORICUL CERCETĂRILOR
10
CERCETĂRI ARHEOLOGICE
13
Situi de
la Zăuan
13
Situi de
la Halmăşd
17
Situi de
la Cehei
19
Situi de
la Port
20
ECONOMIA
27
Cultivarea plantelor
27
Creşterea animalelor
28
Producţia ceramică
29
Industria materiilor dure animale
43
Industria pietrei cioplite şi şlefuite
46
Industria textilă
47
PLASTICA
49
HABITATUL
53
VIAŢA SPIRITUALĂ
56
CONCLUZII
64
CATALOGUL DESCOPERIRILOR
71
BIBLIOGRAFIE
76
ABREVIERI
84
SUMMARY
86
ANEXE (HĂRŢI, PLANŞE)
93
STARCEVO-CRIŞ
CULTURE
IN ŞIMLEU
DEPRESSION
(Summary)
Geographical environment
Part of the big geographical unit known as the basin of the Superior
Tisa,
the territory of
Sălaj
county and, implicitly, the
Şimleu's
Depression, has been
constituted, from the oldest times, as a contact area between the communities from
the Carpathian arc area and the North-Western ones.
The hills and the depressions, situated between the mountains
-
in East and
Someş
and
Barcău
fields
-
in West, make up the geographical unit known as the
Silvania's Hills. Between the crystalline hills there can be found large depressions,
following the rivers which cross the region
-
corridors with terraces propicious to
live, a fact that was archaeological proved by the numerous discoveries, dated from
pre-history to the Early Middle Age.
The hydrographical basins individualize erosion basins, having features
that belong to depressions:
Şimleu, Zalău,
Sala),
each one constituting, in fact, a hill
association.
In the region marked by the
Meseş
Mountains and
Seş
Mountains, from the
edge of
Oşteana
hill till
Mşgura Şimleului
and the river
Crasna-Zalău,
the biggest
depression can be seen:
Şimleu's
Depression.
The Northern limit starts at
Marca
and continues on the
Barcău
Valley,
outlining with enough clarity through the widening from
Tusa, Preuteasa, Plopiş.
Halmăşd
and Crasna. From
Măgura Şimleului,
on Crasna's Valley and till the
Meseş
Mountains, the limit is taken over by the
Meseşeni
-
Panic Hills. The large
saddling from
Vârşolţ
facilitates the connections between the
Şimleu's
Depression
and
Zalău's
Depression and then, on
Zalău's
Valley towards the
Meseş's
Gate, an
easy passage area towards
Transilvania.
Having all these unitary features, the
Şimleu's
Depression is outlined through a series of low subunits and hills, each of
them having, in their countenance, marks of originality. The Depression is
Cultura Starcevo-Criş în Depresiunea Şimleului
87
widening a lot in
Nuşfalău,
and then it is suddenly interrupted by the epigenetic
gate from
Marca
(Mac,
Idu,
1992,
p.
42).
Conclusions
The systematical preventive researches, but also the dynamic of the
accidental discoveries, proved an almost continue living, beginning with the
communities attributed to
Starcevo-Criş
culture, IIIB. The research on a small area
of some contemporary sites or at least partially contemporary, had as a final idea
the sketching of the habitat type, material and spiritual culture or the subsistence
system.
The analysis of the pottery and the technical information of the digging,
helped a lot in the re-evaluation of the inhabitance from Zauan-'Oambul
Cimitirului",
during three phases of living, attributed to the phase IIIB and
IVA,
possibly IVB. For the first inhabitance phase, in general, the pottery is of good
quality, prevailing the colors of red, brick-colored, followed by gray, rarely black.
The fine and semi-fine pottery has polished areas or very well smooth, being
represented by dishes or bithronconica] dishes. Except two pottery fragments,
decorated by painting, the fine pottery does not have a decoration, only in one case:
two rows of small buttons, grouped by three, in parallel, in the maximum area of
the curve of a bithronconical dish. The decoration is the privilege of the usual pots
and of the semi-fine pottery, generally being decorated the globular dishes, the pots
and the dishes. The main decoration techniques are the ones that are profound,
with incisions and pinches. Regarding the shapes of the usual pottery, pots in
general, prevails the organized barbotin. As a temper it was used the fine sand,
followed by husk, pounded glass or silt. Even though the presence of these tempers
is signalized, they always come with the sand. The pottery shapes are common for
this period of time, with good analogies in similar mediums in
Starcevo-Criş
IIIB.
Very important is the total absence of the
treflate
legs, common for the IIIB-IVA
horizon.
The second inhabitance phase is represented by the dwelling no.
1,
researched in two different campaigns, in
1975
and
1980.
Knowing the fact that
most part of the material from the
1980
campaign has been already published
(Lazárovia,
Lakó
1981,
figs.
4-13),
we preferred to present this complex only
through materials from the
1975
campaign. Even if the differences between the two
periods of inhabitance of the area are not extraordinary obvious, we remark the
differences in the fine pottery, the one that has been submitted to changes. The
absence of the engobed and polished pottery, the slow frequency of the dishes that
are increased bithronconical, the prevailing, in one way, of the utilitarian dishes (if
gg Sanda
Băcueţ Crişan
we can consider the fine pottery as a luxury specie), the appearance of the "cat
creeper" decoration, while the pinches or slashes are numerical reducing, plus the
stratigraphical elements are reasons that allow us to attribute this complex to a
much more evolutionary moment of time, as it was already mentioned,
Starčevo-
Criş
IVA
{Lazárovia,
Lako
1981,
p.
26).
A series of materials discovered mainly in the third box determined us to
examine in a more detailed manner the summary of the dwelling named by us L5.
We refer here at the doubled-mouth dish, the dish with a square mouth, which
cannot find analogies in the
Starčevo-Cris
area. The pottery found is in one way,
different and it makes us believe that it represents the third inhabitance phase from
Zăuan.
Generally, the pottery has a more developed aspect, having all the elements
of Middle Neolithic. The special character, plus the analogies from the sites
Starčevo-Cris
from
Suceava
(Ursulescu
1984,
p.
18-21),
Valea Lupului (Ursulescu
1984,
p.
29-30),
Gura Baciului
(Lazárovia,
Maxim
1995,
p.
109-120),
make us
assume the existence of a very late manifestation of
Starčevo-Cris
IVA
or even IVB.
A real help was given by the information obtained through preventive
research from
Porţ-Corău.
This way we had the opportunity to make a comparison
between the sites that are partially contemporary, noticing the difference in their
manifestation of the two communities placed at
10
km one to another. From the
6
dwellings researched at Port, we exemplified the complex L15-L18, where we
noticed
3
levels of filling, representative for the quality of the pottery, being the
second and the first levels of filling. The major differences between the two levels
from Port are given by the changing relation between pinches and incisions, the
prevailing of the pinches in the second level and of the incisions in the first one. A
connection point between Zauan and Port is given by the presence, in both sites, of
the "cat creeper" decoration, a decorative element rarely met in the repertory of
Starčevo-Cris
complex, which appears between the materials in the second level
from
Zăuan
and the first level of the dwelling from Port (L15-L18). In both sites
appears very frequent the barbotin, sprinkled la Port, sprinkled and more often
organized at
Zăuan.
Gathering a little the
information,
we are able to detect three dates that
assures the contemporary of the levels II from
Zăuan
and I from Port: the
prevailing of the decoration with incisions, the appearance of the flat incision and
incisions like "cat creeper".
As it can be noticed, there are elements, common for both sites, the shapes
are similar; the only difference being their proportion in the repertory of the sites.
The type of temper used is almost similar, although the husk is more rarely met at
Zauan, the silt appears very rarely in both sites, at Port being registered more
frequent the presence of the mica, we believe because of the clay type in the area.
Cultura
Starcevo-Criş !n Depresiunea Şimleuwi
89
The most important differences can be seen in the decoration type, the
preference for incision and organized slurry at
Zăuan,
pinches and sprinkled slurry
at Port. Another element which makes a difference between the pottery of the two
sites is the black pottery frequency at Port, associated with red engobe pottery, in
contrast with the prevailing of the red-brick and gray pottery from
Zăuan.
Looking on the whole at the character of the material culture, the two sites
are partially contemporary, with the mentioning that at least for
Zăuan,
the
inhabitance could have continued also in the phase IV B.
In this stage of the research, we could state the following chronological
scheme: Port
Corău
level
-
Zăuan
I
-
Port (L15-L18 level II)
-
Zăuan
II
-
Port
(L15-L18 level I)
-
Zăuan III (L5).
Although not too many, the information gathered during the research
campaigns of the sites from
Halmăşd
or
Cehei
did have at least the role of
confirming the dense inhabitance during the late phases of
Starcevo-Criş.
In the previous lines we have presented, briefly, what we tried to illustrate
during this study, but also the aspects that are still vague or maybe even unknown.
If we want to make a scheme of the evolution of the neo-eneolithic on the territory
of
Şimleu's
Depression, this could look like this: Port
(Starcevo-Criş
IIIB)
-
Zăuan-
"Dâmbul Cimitirului",
dwellings L6-L8
(Starcevo-Criş
IIIB)
-
Zauan-'Oambul
Cimitirului",
dwellings
1
and
4
(Starcevo-Criş
IVA),
parallel to Port
-
level II-I of
the dwellings L15-L18
(Starcevo-Criş
IVA)
-
Zauan-'Oambul
Cimitirului",
dwelling L5 (end of
Starcevo-Criş
IVA
or beginning of IVB). As it can be noticed,
the research of a small area, but very well geographically limited, like
Şimleu's
Depression, offers a serious base for determining not only the local aspects, but also
a better knowing of the whole. Presently, when the -general aspects of the Neo-
Eneolithic from Romania have been established in a large part, only this type of
research can be the future of archaeology.
The results of the researches made in
Şimleu's
Depression, on the whole,
are a departing point. Anytime and anywhere can appear new sites that could
change, more or less, our conclusions. |
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| geographic_facet | Depresiunea Şimleului |
| id | DE-604.BV035790734 |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-20T08:04:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789731868370 |
| language | Romanian |
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| spelling | Băcueţ-Crişan, Sanda ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1335098194 aut Cultura Starčevo-Criş în depresiunea Şimleului Sanda Băcueţ-Crişan Cluj-Napoca Ed. Mega 2008 183 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Starčevo-Criş culture in Şimleu depression Starčevo-Kultur (DE-588)4182917-7 gnd rswk-swf Depresiunea Şimleului (DE-588)7715438-1 gnd rswk-swf Starčevo-Kultur (DE-588)4182917-7 s Depresiunea Şimleului (DE-588)7715438-1 g DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018650071&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018650071&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Băcueţ-Crişan, Sanda ca. 20./21. Jh Cultura Starčevo-Criş în depresiunea Şimleului Starčevo-Kultur (DE-588)4182917-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4182917-7 (DE-588)7715438-1 |
| title | Cultura Starčevo-Criş în depresiunea Şimleului |
| title_auth | Cultura Starčevo-Criş în depresiunea Şimleului |
| title_exact_search | Cultura Starčevo-Criş în depresiunea Şimleului |
| title_full | Cultura Starčevo-Criş în depresiunea Şimleului Sanda Băcueţ-Crişan |
| title_fullStr | Cultura Starčevo-Criş în depresiunea Şimleului Sanda Băcueţ-Crişan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cultura Starčevo-Criş în depresiunea Şimleului Sanda Băcueţ-Crişan |
| title_short | Cultura Starčevo-Criş în depresiunea Şimleului |
| title_sort | cultura starcevo cris in depresiunea simleului |
| topic | Starčevo-Kultur (DE-588)4182917-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Starčevo-Kultur Depresiunea Şimleului |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018650071&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018650071&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bacuetcrisansanda culturastarcevocrisindepresiuneasimleului |