What we knew: terror, mass murder, and everyday life in Nazi Germany ; an oral history
What We Knew offers the most startling oral history ever done of life in the Third Reich. Combining the expertise of a German sociologist and an American historian, it draws on both gripping oral histories and a unique survey of 4,000 people-both German Jews and non-Jewish Germans, who lived under t...
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
[New York, NY]
Basic Books
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | Paperback ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | What We Knew offers the most startling oral history ever done of life in the Third Reich. Combining the expertise of a German sociologist and an American historian, it draws on both gripping oral histories and a unique survey of 4,000 people-both German Jews and non-Jewish Germans, who lived under the Third Reich. It directly addresses some of the most fundamental questions we have about the Nazi regime, particularly regarding anti-Semitism, issues of guilt and ignorance, popular support for the government, and the nature of the dictatorship itself. Johnson and Reuband's original research confirms that both Germans and Jews were aware of the mass murder of European Jews as it was occurring. From the responses of Jewish survivors, German anti-Semitism wasn't universal among their neighbors and colleagues, even as they experienced official mistreatment. Additionally, the authors' research suggests that Hitler and National Socialism were genuinely popular among ordinary Germans and that intimidation and terror played no great part in enforcing loyalty. Refuting long-held assumptions, the discoveries revealed in What We Knew are key to our understanding of life in the Third Reich, and make this book a central work for scholars of the Holocaust, World War II, and totalitarianism. Drawing on interviews with four thousand German Jews and non-Jewish Germans who experienced the Third Reich firsthand, an intriguing oral history describes everyday life in Nazi Germany, addressing such issues as guilt and ignorance concerning the mass murder of European Jews, anti-Semitism, and the popular appeal of Hitler and National Socialism. |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 434 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780465085729 0465085725 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140726782525440 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgments
xi
Introduction
xiii
Part One: Jewish Survivors Testimonies
1
Jews Who
Lefi
Germany Before Kristalbacht
5
William Benson, Leipzig, Never to forget, never to forgive.
Margarete
Leib,
Karlsruhe, They strangled my father with a
packaging cord.
Henry Singer, Berlin, Anti-Semitism was there before Hitler.
Karl Meyer, Cologne, In Cologne they never had this anti-
Semitism.
2
Jews Who Left Germany After
Kristallnacht 26
Armin
Hertz, Berlin, My toes were frozen
...
all of them fell
off.
Josef Stone, Frankfurt, All the people started yelling at us.
Elise
and Hermann Gottfried, Berlin, They were all detectives
in civilian clothing.
VII
viii
Contents
Rebecca Weisner,
Berlin, Every few weeks they rounded up
people and shot them.
Joseph
Weinberg,
Stuttgart, We did not feel the anti-Semitism.
3
Jews Who Were Deported from Germany During the War
59
Max Lifimann, Mannheim,
1940
to Gurs, Fear was not something
I knew.
Herta Rosenthal,
Leipzig,
1942
to Riga, All the Jews were
leaving, and they [the Germans] were happy, a lot of them. They
were standing there laughing.
Ernst Levin,
Breslau, 1943
to Auschwitz, They say we didn t
know about it. Bullshit!
Ruth Mendel, Frankfort,
1943
to Auschwitz, I wouldn t be alive if
not for my mother.
Helmut
Grunewald,
Cologne,
1943
to Auschwitz, I know that I ll
be sent to Auschwitz and be gassed anyway.
Herbert Klein, Nuremberg,
1943
to Theresienstadt, We were the
last ones deported in
1943.
Werner
Holz, Krefeld, 1943
to Theresienstadt, I was blond,
blond.
Hannelore
Mahler, Krefeld,
1944
to Theresienstadt, We didn t
want to believe it because we could have been next.
4
Jews Who Went into Hiding I20
use Landau, Berlin, I had been caught and sent to Auschwitz
...
I jumped out of the train!
Lore Schwartz, Berlin, In any case, I came out of the war a virgin.
Rosa
Hirsch,
Magdeburg, There were some people who tried to help.
But they were such a minority.
Part Two: Ordinary Germans Testimonies
5
Everyday Life and Knowing Little About Mass Murder
141
Hubert
Lutz,
Cologne, In my ten years in the Hitler Youth, I
never heard anybody suggest that you spy on your parents or that
you spy on anybody else,
Marta
Hessler,
Stettin, They came and arrested my brother.
Contents
ix
Rolf Heberer, Freithal,
For
60
million Germans, that was what
the people really wanted.
Gertrud Sombart,
Dresden, Most people were, of course, for
Hitler.
Erwin Hammel,
Cologne, They felt like members of the master
race.
Anna Rudolf, Berlin, You, good girl!
Peter Reinke, Cologne, Why should I have been afraid? We just
sat there in detention.
Helga
Schmidt, Dresden, There was never any particular
sympathy for the Jews.
Werner
Hassel, Leobschütz,
A large number of people really
didn t know anything.
6
Everyday Life and Hearing About Mass Murder
185
Hiltrud Külmel,
Frankfurt, That was his hobby, measuring
skulls.
Ruth Hildebrand,
Berlin, The soldiers on leave.
..
did a lot of talking.
Ekkehard Falter, Dresden, Rat-a-tat-tat, dead.
Stefan
Reuter,
Berlin, One heard in communist circles that
numbers of Jews were being gassed.
Ernst Walters, Schwalbach, Gassed. They were killed and soap
was made from the bones.
Effie
Engel,
Dresden, [The BBC] also confirmed it, and with
rather exact information.
Winfried
Schiller,
Beuten,
Auschwitz was not so very far away
from us.
7
Witnessing and Participating in Mass Murder
226
Adam Grolsch, Krefeld, In two days,
25,000
men, women, and
children.
Hans
Ruprecht,
Cologne, We have to carry out some cleansing
measures here,
Albert Emmerich,
Eberswalde,
There are three hundred Jews
lying in each grave.
Walter Sanders, Krefeld, I not only told my parents about that,
I also told others when I was on leave.
x
Contents
Part Three: Jewish Survivors Survey Evidence
8
Everyday Life and Anti-Semitism
263
9
Terror
285
10
Mass Murder
303
Part Four: Ordinary Germans Survey Evidence
11
Everyday Life and Support for National Socialism
325
12
Terror
346
13
Mass Murder
361
Conclusion: What Did They Know?
387
Notes
399
Index
419
|
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| spelling | Johnson, Eric Arthur 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)115317570 aut What we knew terror, mass murder, and everyday life in Nazi Germany ; an oral history Eric A. Johnson and Karl-Heinz Reuband Paperback ed. [New York, NY] Basic Books 2006 XXIII, 434 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier What We Knew offers the most startling oral history ever done of life in the Third Reich. Combining the expertise of a German sociologist and an American historian, it draws on both gripping oral histories and a unique survey of 4,000 people-both German Jews and non-Jewish Germans, who lived under the Third Reich. It directly addresses some of the most fundamental questions we have about the Nazi regime, particularly regarding anti-Semitism, issues of guilt and ignorance, popular support for the government, and the nature of the dictatorship itself. Johnson and Reuband's original research confirms that both Germans and Jews were aware of the mass murder of European Jews as it was occurring. From the responses of Jewish survivors, German anti-Semitism wasn't universal among their neighbors and colleagues, even as they experienced official mistreatment. Additionally, the authors' research suggests that Hitler and National Socialism were genuinely popular among ordinary Germans and that intimidation and terror played no great part in enforcing loyalty. Refuting long-held assumptions, the discoveries revealed in What We Knew are key to our understanding of life in the Third Reich, and make this book a central work for scholars of the Holocaust, World War II, and totalitarianism. Drawing on interviews with four thousand German Jews and non-Jewish Germans who experienced the Third Reich firsthand, an intriguing oral history describes everyday life in Nazi Germany, addressing such issues as guilt and ignorance concerning the mass murder of European Jews, anti-Semitism, and the popular appeal of Hitler and National Socialism. Geschichte 1933-1945 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Alltag (DE-588)4001307-8 gnd rswk-swf Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland Germany History 1933-1945 Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 s Alltag (DE-588)4001307-8 s Geschichte 1933-1945 z DE-604 Reuband, Karl-Heinz 1946- Verfasser (DE-588)108371883 aut Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018647218&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Johnson, Eric Arthur 1948- Reuband, Karl-Heinz 1946- What we knew terror, mass murder, and everyday life in Nazi Germany ; an oral history Geschichte Alltag (DE-588)4001307-8 gnd Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4001307-8 (DE-588)4073091-8 (DE-588)4011882-4 (DE-588)4133254-4 |
| title | What we knew terror, mass murder, and everyday life in Nazi Germany ; an oral history |
| title_auth | What we knew terror, mass murder, and everyday life in Nazi Germany ; an oral history |
| title_exact_search | What we knew terror, mass murder, and everyday life in Nazi Germany ; an oral history |
| title_full | What we knew terror, mass murder, and everyday life in Nazi Germany ; an oral history Eric A. Johnson and Karl-Heinz Reuband |
| title_fullStr | What we knew terror, mass murder, and everyday life in Nazi Germany ; an oral history Eric A. Johnson and Karl-Heinz Reuband |
| title_full_unstemmed | What we knew terror, mass murder, and everyday life in Nazi Germany ; an oral history Eric A. Johnson and Karl-Heinz Reuband |
| title_short | What we knew |
| title_sort | what we knew terror mass murder and everyday life in nazi germany an oral history |
| title_sub | terror, mass murder, and everyday life in Nazi Germany ; an oral history |
| topic | Geschichte Alltag (DE-588)4001307-8 gnd Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Alltag Judenvernichtung Deutschland Germany History 1933-1945 Erlebnisbericht |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018647218&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT johnsonericarthur whatweknewterrormassmurderandeverydaylifeinnazigermanyanoralhistory AT reubandkarlheinz whatweknewterrormassmurderandeverydaylifeinnazigermanyanoralhistory |