Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science:
Gespeichert in:
Weitere Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Springer
2009
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Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Kapitel 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XXII, 403 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 9780387881355 |
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science |c Adam J. Schwartz ... eds. |
250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
264 | 1 | |a New York |b Springer |c 2009 | |
300 | |a XXII, 403 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
650 | 4 | |a Crystallography | |
650 | 4 | |a Materials |x Microscopy | |
650 | 4 | |a Scanning electron microscopy | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS 1 PRESENT STATE OF ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION AND
PROSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ROBERT A. SCHWARZER, DAVID P. FIELD, BRENT L. ADAMS, MUKUL KUMAR, AND
ADAM J. SCHWARTZ 1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 GENERATION AND INTERPRETATION OF ELECTRON
BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION PATTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 2 1.3 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP OF AN EBSD SYSTEM . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 3 . . . . . . . 4 1.4.1 THE PATTERN ACQUISITION DEVICE . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 4 1.4.2 MECHANICAL STAGE AND DIGITAL BEAM SCANNING . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.5 SPATIAL RESOLUTION . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.6 SEM SPECIFICATIONS FOR
GOOD EBSD PERFORMANCE . . . . . . . . . 9 1.7 THE RADON OR HOUGH
TRANSFORMATION FOR BAND LOCALIZATION . . . 11 1.8 INDEXING . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.9 FAST EBSD . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.10 ION BLOCKING
PATTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2 DYNAMICAL SIMULATION OF
ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION PATTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 21 AIMO WINKELMANN 2.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . . . . .
21 2.3 DYNAMICAL ELECTRON DIFFRACTION IN EBSD . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22 2.3.1 DYNAMICAL ELECTRON DIFFRACTION IN EBSD . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3.2 DYNAMICAL ELECTRON DIFFRACTION IN EBSD . . . . . . . . . 23 . . .
. . . . 24 2.4 APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 25 2.4.1 A REAL-SPACE VIEW OF EBSD . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 25 2.4.2 FULL SCALE SIMULATION OF EBSD PATTERNS . . . . . . . . . 27
2.4.3 THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENERGY SPECTRUM OF THE BACKSCATTERED
ELECTRONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.4.4 DYNAMICAL EFFECTS
OF ANISOTROPIC BACKSCATTERING . . . . . 30 2.5 SUMMARY . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 V VI CONTENTS 3
REPRESENTATIONS OF TEXTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 JEREMY K. MASON AND CHRISTOPHER A. SCHUH 3.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 3.2 ROTATIONS AND
ORIENTATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.2.1 DEFINING
A ROTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.2.2 DEFINING AN
ORIENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.3 POLE FIGURES . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.4 DISCRETE
ORIENTATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.4.1
AXIS-ANGLE PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.4.2
RODRIGUES VECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.4.3
QUATERNIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.4.4
EULER ANGLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.5
ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.5.1 CIRCULAR HARMONICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.5.2 SPHERICAL HARMONICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.5.3 HYPERSPHERICAL HARMONICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.5.4 GENERALIZED SPHERICAL HARMONICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.5.5
SYMMETRIZED HARMONICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.6
CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4 ENERGY FILTERING IN EBSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53 ALWYN EADES, ANDREW DEAL, ABHISHEK BHATTACHARYYA, AND TEJPAL HOOGHAN
4.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 53 4.2 BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 53 4.3 ENERGY FILTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 54 4.4 OPERATING THE FILTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 56 4.5 EARLY RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.6 PATTERNS AT DIFFERENT ENERGIES . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.7 LOCALIZATION OF THE SIGNAL . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.8 FUTURE ENERGY FILTERS IN EBSD . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5 SPHERICAL KIKUCHI MAPS AND OTHER
RARITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 AUSTIN P. DAY 5.1 INTRODUCTION . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.2 ELECTRON
BACKSCATTER PATTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.3
SPHERICAL KIKUCHI MAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5.4 EBSP DETECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 5.5 EBSP IMAGING AND UNIFORMITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68 5.6 EBSP SIMULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 68 5.7 SPHERICAL KIKUCHI MAPS FROM EBSPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68 5.8 KIKUCHI BAND PROFILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 72 5.9 SPHERICAL KIKUCHI MAP INVERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 74 5.10 USES FOR SPHERICAL KIKUCHI MAPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 75 5.11 COLOUR ORIENTATION CONTRAST IMAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 76 5.12 STEM IN THE SEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 76 5.13 UNUSUAL FEATURES IN EBSPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 77 CONTENTS VII 6 APPLICATION OF ELECTRON BACKSCATTER
DIFFRACTION TO PHASE IDENTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 81 BASSEM EL-DASHER AND ANDREW DEAL 6.1 INTRODUCTION . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 6.2
CONSIDERATIONS FOR PHASE ID WITH EBSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 6.3
CASE STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.3.1 SIMULTANEOUS EBSD/EDS PHASE DISCRIMINATION . . . . . 85 6.3.2
DISTINGUISHING * AND * * IN NI SUPERALLOYS . . . . . . . . . 86 6.3.3
VOLUME FRACTION DETERMINATION IN A MULTIPHASE ALLOY . . 89 7 PHASE
IDENTIFICATION THROUGH SYMMETRY DETERMINATION IN EBSD PATTERNS . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 DAVID J. DINGLEY AND
S.I. WRIGHT 7.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 97 7.2 BASIS OF THE PHASE IDENTIFICATION METHOD . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 97 7.3 DETERMINATION OF THE CRYSTAL UNIT CELL . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 98 7.4 DISCOVERING THE LATTICE SYMMETRY . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 100 7.5 RE-INDEXING THE PATTERN ACCORDING TO THE
DISCOVERED CRYSTAL CLASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 101 7.6 EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 102 7.6.1 CASE 1, A CUBIC CRYSTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 102 7.6.2 CASE 2, A HEXAGONAL CRYSTAL . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 104 7.6.3 CASE 3, A TRIGONAL CRYSTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 104 7.7 DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 106 8 THREE-DIMENSIONAL ORIENTATION MICROSCOPY BY SERIAL
SECTIONING AND EBSD-BASED ORIENTATION MAPPING IN A FIB-SEM . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 STEFAN ZAEFFERER AND
STUART I. WRIGHT 8.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 109 8.2 THE GEOMETRICAL SET-UP FOR 3D
CHARACTERISATION IN A FIB-SEM . 110 8.3 AUTOMATIC 3D ORIENTATION
MICROSCOPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 8.4 SOFTWARE FOR 3D DATA
ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 8.5 APPLICATION
EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 8.5.1 THE 3D
MICROSTRUCTURE AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF PEARLITE COLONIES . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 8.5.2 MICROSTRUCTURE OF
*NANOCRYSTALLINE* NICO DEPOSITS . . . 115 8.6 DISCUSSION . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 8.6.1 ACCURACY AND
APPLICATION LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 8.6.2 MATERIALS ISSUES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 8.7 CONCLUSIONS . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 VIII CONTENTS 9
COLLECTION, PROCESSING, AND ANALYSIS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL EBSD DATA SETS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 MICHAEL A.
GROEBER, DAVID J. ROWENHORST, AND MICHAEL D. UCHIC 9.1 INTRODUCTION . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 9.2 DATA
COLLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 9.3
PROCESSING STRATEGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
124 9.3.1 REGISTRATION AND ALIGNMENT OF SECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . 124
9.3.2 SEGMENTATION OF GRAINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
9.3.3 CLEAN-UP ROUTINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
9.4 ANALYSIS CAPABILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 129 9.4.1 MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
129 9.4.2 CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
9.5 SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
135 10 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF DIGITAL MICROSTRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . .
. . 139 STEPHEN D. SINTAY, MICHAEL A. GROEBER, AND ANTHONY D. ROLLETT
10.1 MOTIVATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 139 10.2 BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 139 10.2.1 2D*3D INFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 139 10.2.2 3D POLYCRYSTAL MICROSTRUCTURE GENERATION . . . . . . .
. 140 10.3 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 140 10.3.1 DATA SOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 140 10.3.2 IDENTIFYING FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 141 10.3.3 STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF FEATURES . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 141 10.4 METHODS FOR 3D STRUCTURE INFERENCE . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 141 10.4.1 MONTE CARLO-BASED HISTOGRAM FITTING . . . . . . .
. . . 143 10.4.2 OBSERVATION-BASED DOMAIN CONSTRAINT . . . . . . . . . .
145 10.5 GENERATION OF 3D STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 147 10.5.1 PACKING OF ELLIPSOIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 147 10.5.2 RELAXATION OF BOUNDARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 149 10.6 QUALITY ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 149 10.6.1 SIZE DISTRIBUTION COMPARISON . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 149 10.6.2 SHAPE DISTRIBUTION COMPARISON . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 149 10.6.3 NEIGHBORHOOD COMPARISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
10.6.4 BOUNDARY STRUCTURE COMPARISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
10.7 THOUGHTS ON CURRENT CONDITIONS AND FUTURE WORK . . . . . . . . .
151 11 DIRECT 3D SIMULATION OF PLASTIC FLOW FROM EBSD DATA . . . . . . .
155 NATHAN R. BARTON, JOEL V. BERNIER, RICARDO A. LEBENSOHN, AND ANTHONY
D. ROLLETT 11.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 155 11.2 MATERIAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL MODEL . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 156 11.2.1 THREE-DIMENSIONAL MICROSTRUCTURE GENERATION
. . . . . . 157 11.2.2 MICROMECHANICAL MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 158 11.2.3 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 159 11.3 SIMULATION RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 159 11.4 DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER COMPUTATIONAL DEVELOPMENT .
. . . . . . . 162 11.5 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 165 CONTENTS IX 12 FIRST-ORDER MICROSTRUCTURE
SENSITIVE DESIGN BASED ON VOLUME FRACTIONS AND ELEMENTARY BOUNDS . . . .
. . . . . . . . 169 SURYA R. KALIDINDI, DAVID T. FULLWOOD, AND BRENT L.
ADAMS 12.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 169 12.2 QUANTIFICATION OF MICROSTRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 170 12.3 MICROSTRUCTURE SENSITIVE DESIGN FRAMEWORK . . .
. . . . . . . . . 170 12.4 PROPERTY CLOSURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 172 13 SECOND-ORDER MICROSTRUCTURE SENSITIVE
DESIGN USING 2-POINT SPATIAL CORRELATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 177 DAVID T. FULLWOOD, SURYA R. KALIDINDI, AND BRENT L. ADAMS
13.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 177 13.2 DEFINITION AND PROPERTIES OF THE 2-POINT CORRELATION
FUNCTIONS . . 178 13.2.1 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 179 13.2.2 PROPERTIES OF THE 2-POINT FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . .
. . . . 179 13.2.3 VISUALIZATION OF THE 2-POINT FUNCTIONS . . . . . . .
. . . . 179 13.2.4 METRICS FROM 2-POINT CORRELATIONS . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 180 13.2.5 COLLECTING 2-POINT CORRELATIONS FROM MATERIAL SAMPLES .
180 13.3 STRUCTURE PROPERTY RELATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 181 13.3.1 LOCALIZATION TENSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 182 13.3.2 EFFECTIVE TENSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 184 13.4 MICROSTRUCTURE DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 186 14 COMBINATORIAL MATERIALS SCIENCE AND EBSD: A HIGH
THROUGHPUT EXPERIMENTATION TOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
KRISHNA RAJAN 14.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 189 14.2 INTRODUCTION TO COMBINATORIAL METHODS . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 189 14.2.1 HIGH THROUGHPUT EBSD SCREENING . . . . .
. . . . . . . 190 14.2.2 INFORMATICS AND DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 194 14.3 SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 196 15 GRAIN BOUNDARY NETWORKS . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 201 BRYAN W. REED AND CHRISTOPHER A. SCHUH 15.1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
201 15.2 MEASUREMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF LOCAL NETWORK ELEMENTS . . .
202 15.2.1 GENERAL DEFINITIONS FOR SINGLE BOUNDARIES . . . . . . . . 202
15.2.2 STRUCTURES WITH MORE THAN ONE BOUNDARY . . . . . . . . . 203 15.3
GEOMETRY OF THE NETWORK STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
15.3.1 PERCOLATION MEASURES OF THE GRAIN BOUNDARY NETWORK . . 205 15.3.2
CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC CONSTRAINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 15.4
MICROSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
15.4.1 COMPOSITE AVERAGING VS. PERCOLATION THEORY . . . . . . . 209
15.4.2 CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
15.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
212 X CONTENTS 16 MEASUREMENT OF THE FIVE-PARAMETER GRAIN BOUNDARY
DISTRIBUTION FROM PLANAR SECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
215 GREGORY S. ROHRER AND VALERIE RANDLE 16.1 INTRODUCTION: GRAIN
BOUNDARY PLANES AND PROPERTIES . . . . . . . 215 16.2 SERIAL SECTIONING
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 16.3
SINGLE-SURFACE TRACE ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
16.4 FIVE-PARAMETER STEREOLOGICAL ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
218 16.4.1 PARAMETERIZATION AND DISCRETIZATION OF THE SPACE OF GRAIN
BOUNDARY TYPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 16.4.2
MEASUREMENT OF THE GRAIN BOUNDARY CHARACTERIZATION DISTRIBUTION . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 219 16.4.3 PERFORMANCE OF THE STEREOLOGICAL
ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . 221 16.4.4 COMPARISON GBCDS MEASURED
STEREOLOGICALLY AND BY SERIAL SECTIONING IN THE DUAL BEAM FIB . . . . .
. 223 16.5 EXAMPLES OF FIVE-PARAMETER ANALYSES . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 224 17 STRAIN MAPPING USING ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION . . . .
. . . 231 ANGUS J. WILKINSON, DAVID J. DINGLEY, AND GRAHAM MEADEN 17.1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
231 17.1.1 THE NEED FOR LOCAL STRAIN ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . 231
17.1.2 COMPETING STRAIN MAPPING TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . 231
17.1.3 REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS OF EBSD TO ANALYSIS OF ELASTIC STRAINS . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 17.2 CROSS-CORRELATION-BASED ANALYSIS OF
EBSD PATTERNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
17.2.1 GEOMETRY: LINKING PATTERN SHIFTS TO STRAIN . . . . . . . . 234
17.2.2 PATTERN SHIFT MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
17.2.3 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
17.2.4 ILLUSTRATIVE APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
17.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
247 18 MAPPING AND ASSESSING PLASTIC DEFORMATION USING EBSD . . . . . .
251 LUKE N. BREWER, DAVID P. FIELD, AND COLIN C. MERRIMAN 18.1 PLASTIC
DEFORMATION EFFECTS ON THE EBSD PATTERN AND ORIENTATION MAP . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 18.2 PATTERN ROTATION
APPROACHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 18.2.1 MAPPING
ORIENTATIONS AND MISORIENTATIONS . . . . . . . . 253 18.2.2 AVERAGE
MISORIENTATION APPROACHES . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 18.2.3 MEASUREMENT
AND CALCULATION OF GND DENSITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 258 19 ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION STRUCTURES IN FCC MATERIALS USING
EBSD AND TEM TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 OLEG
V. MISHIN, ANDREW GODFREY, AND DORTE JUUL JENSEN 19.1 INTRODUCTION . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 19.2 ORIENTATION
NOISE IN EBSD DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 19.2.1 A
QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF ORIENTATION NOISE . . . . . 265 19.2.2
POSTPROCESSING ORIENTATION FILTERING OPERATIONS . . . . . 266 19.3
QUANTITATIVE TEM*EBSD COMPARISON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 19.4
HETEROGENEITY IN MICROSTRUCTURAL REFINEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . 271
CONTENTS XI 19.4.1 ANALYSIS OF LOCAL HETEROGENEITY . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 271 19.4.2 POTENTIAL FOR ANALYSIS OF LARGE-SCALE HETEROGENEITIES . .
272 19.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 273 20 APPLICATION OF EBSD METHODS TO SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION (SPD)
AND RELATED PROCESSING METHODS . . . . . . . . 277 TERRY R. MCNELLEY,
ALEXANDRE P. ZHILYAEV, SRINIVASAN SWAMINATHAN, JIANQING SU, AND E.
SARATH MENON 20.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 277 20.2 MICROSTRUCTURES DURING THE INITIAL ECAP PASS .
. . . . . . . . . . 278 20.3 MICROSTRUCTURES DEVELOPED BY MACHINING . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 282 20.4 GRAIN REFINEMENT DURING FSP . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 284 20.5 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 21 APPLICATIONS OF EBSD TO
MICROSTRUCTURAL CONTROL IN FRICTION STIR WELDING/PROCESSING . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 SERGEY MIRONOV, YUTAKA S. SATO, AND
HIROYUKI KOKAWA 21.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 291 21.2 BRIEF EXPLANATIONS OF FSW/P TERMINOLOGY . .
. . . . . . . . . . 292 21.3 MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 292 21.4 MATERIAL FLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 21.5 STRUCTURE-PROPERTIES RELATIONSHIP
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 21.6 SUMMARY AND FUTURE OUTLOOK .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 22 CHARACTERIZATION OF SHEAR
LOCALIZATION AND SHOCK DAMAGE WITH EBSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 JOHN F. BINGERT, VERONICA LIVESCU,
AND ELLEN K. CERRETA 22.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 301 22.2 SHEAR LOCALIZATION . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 22.2.1 CONSTRAINED SHEAR IN PURE
FE*SHEAR ZONE GEOMETRY . . 302 22.2.2 CONSTRAINED SHEAR IN PURE
FE*TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT . . 306 22.2.3 EFFECT OF MORPHOLOGY ON GRAIN
INSTABILITY IN CU . . . . . 307 22.3 SHOCK LOADING DAMAGE IN TANTALUM .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 22.3.1 EFFECT OF SHOCK DURATION ON
INCIPIENT SPALL STRUCTURE . . 310 22.3.2 EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON INCIPIENT
SPALL STRUCTURE . . . . . . 313 22.4 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 23 TEXTURE SEPARATION FOR * / *
TITANIUM ALLOYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 AYMAN A. SALEM 23.1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
317 23.2 MICROSTRUCTURE OF * / * TITANIUM ALLOYS . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 317 23.3 TEXTURE OF TI-6AL-4V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 318 23.3.1 SEPARATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ALPHA TEXTURE .
. . 319 23.3.2 EBSD + BSE IMAGING TECHNIQUE . . . . . . . . . . . . .
319 23.3.3 EBSD OR XRD + HEAT TREATMENT TECHNIQUE . . . . . . . 320 23.4
TEXTURE SEPARATION USING EBSD + EDS TECHNIQUE . . . . . . . . 320 23.4.1
TEXTURE SEPARATION USING EBSD + EDS TECHNIQUE . . . . 320 23.4.2
MICROSTRUCTURE OBSERVATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 23.4.3
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION MAPS (EDS) . . . . . . . . . . . 321 23.5
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION: CONTROLLING TEXTURE DURING HOT-ROLLING OF
TI-6AL-4V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 XII CONTENTS
23.5.1 MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
23.5.2 OVERALL TEXTURE EVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
23.5.3 PRIMARY-ALPHA ( * P ) TEXTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
23.5.4 SECONDARY-ALPHA ( * S ) TEXTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
23.6 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION: CONTROLLING TEXTURE DURING HOT-ROLLING OF
TI-6AL-4V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 24 A REVIEW OF
IN SITU EBSD STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 STUART I.
WRIGHT AND MATTHEW M. NOWELL 24.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 24.2 IN SITU POSTMORTEM EXPERIMENTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 24.3 DEFORMATION STAGE
EXPERIMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 24.4 HEATING STAGE
EXPERIMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 24.4.1 PHASE
TRANSFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 24.4.2
RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 24.5
COMBINED HEATING AND TENSILE STAGE EXPERIMENTS . . . . . . . . 335 24.6
CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
335 25 ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION IN LOW VACUUM CONDITIONS . . . .
339 BASSEM S. EL-DASHER AND SHARON G. TORRES 25.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 25.2 CONSIDERATIONS
FOR LOW VACUUM EBSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 25.3 EXAMPLE
APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 25.3.1
MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ALN-TIB2 CERAMIC COMPOSITE . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 341 25.3.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF CAHPO4 2H2O SINGLE CRYSTALS . .
. . 342 26 EBSD IN THE EARTH SCIENCES: APPLICATIONS, COMMON PRACTICE,
AND CHALLENGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 DAVID
J. PRIOR, ELISABETTA MARIANI, AND JOHN WHEELER 26.1 DEVELOPMENT OF EBSD
IN EARTH SCIENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 26.2 CURRENT PRACTICE,
CAPABILITIES, AND LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . 346 26.2.1 RANGE OF
MATERIALS AND PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 26.2.2 SPEED OF
DATA COLLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 26.2.3 SPATIAL
RESOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 26.2.4
MISINDEXING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 26.2.5
POLYPHASE SAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 26.3
APPLICATION OF EBSD IN EARTH SCIENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
26.3.1 ROCK DEFORMATION AND SOLID EARTH GEOPHYSICS . . . . . . 352
26.3.2 METAMORPHIC PROCESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
26.3.3 METEORITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
26.3.4 OTHER AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
26.4 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 357 CONTENTS XIII 27 ORIENTATION IMAGING MICROSCOPY IN RESEARCH ON
HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
BAE-KYUN KIM AND JERZY A. SZPUNAR 27.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 27.2 HIGH TEMPERATURE
OXIDATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 27.3 EXPERIMENTAL
PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 27.3.1
OXIDATION OF SAMPLES AND OXIDE FORMATION . . . . . . . 363 27.3.2 SAMPLE
PREPARATION AND GEOMETRY IN OIM . . . . . . . . 364 27.3.3
MICROSTRUCTURE AND TEXTURE MEASUREMENT . . . . . . . . . 365 27.3.4
OXIDATION OF LOW CARBON STEEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 27.4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
27.4.1 GRAIN GROWTH IN IRON OXIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
27.4.2 EFFECT OF THE OXIDATION PROCESS ON MICROSTRUCTURE . . . . 371
27.4.3 OXIDATION OF PURE IRON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
27.5 CRACKS AND DEFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 384 27.6 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 390 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 395 |
any_adam_object | 1 |
author2 | Schwartz, Adam J. |
author2_role | edt |
author2_variant | a j s aj ajs |
author_facet | Schwartz, Adam J. |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV035779729 |
callnumber-first | T - Technology |
callnumber-label | TA417 |
callnumber-raw | TA417.23 |
callnumber-search | TA417.23 |
callnumber-sort | TA 3417.23 |
callnumber-subject | TA - General and Civil Engineering |
classification_rvk | UQ 5500 ZM 3850 |
classification_tum | WER 780f |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)698783294 (DE-599)DNB990247147 |
dewey-full | 620.11 |
dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
dewey-ones | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
dewey-raw | 620.11 |
dewey-search | 620.11 |
dewey-sort | 3620.11 |
dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
discipline | Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Physik Werkstoffwissenschaften Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
edition | 2. ed. |
format | Book |
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id | DE-604.BV035779729 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-20T07:52:58Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9780387881355 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018639269 |
oclc_num | 698783294 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-20 DE-83 DE-11 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-B16 DE-1050 DE-29T DE-384 DE-703 |
owner_facet | DE-20 DE-83 DE-11 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-B16 DE-1050 DE-29T DE-384 DE-703 |
physical | XXII, 403 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
publishDate | 2009 |
publishDateSearch | 2009 |
publishDateSort | 2009 |
publisher | Springer |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science Adam J. Schwartz ... eds. 2. ed. New York Springer 2009 XXII, 403 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Crystallography Materials Microscopy Scanning electron microscopy Kristallographie (DE-588)4033217-2 gnd rswk-swf Werkstoffkunde (DE-588)4079184-1 gnd rswk-swf Elektronenbeugung (DE-588)4151862-7 gnd rswk-swf Rückstreuung (DE-588)4178653-1 gnd rswk-swf Werkstoffkunde (DE-588)4079184-1 s Kristallographie (DE-588)4033217-2 s Elektronenbeugung (DE-588)4151862-7 s Rückstreuung (DE-588)4178653-1 s DE-604 Schwartz, Adam J. edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-387-88136-2 DE-576;springer application/pdf http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz302803726kap.htm 20090623101948 Kapitel 2 SWBplus Fremddatenuebernahme application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018639269&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science Crystallography Materials Microscopy Scanning electron microscopy Kristallographie (DE-588)4033217-2 gnd Werkstoffkunde (DE-588)4079184-1 gnd Elektronenbeugung (DE-588)4151862-7 gnd Rückstreuung (DE-588)4178653-1 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4033217-2 (DE-588)4079184-1 (DE-588)4151862-7 (DE-588)4178653-1 |
title | Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science |
title_auth | Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science |
title_exact_search | Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science |
title_full | Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science Adam J. Schwartz ... eds. |
title_fullStr | Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science Adam J. Schwartz ... eds. |
title_full_unstemmed | Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science Adam J. Schwartz ... eds. |
title_short | Electron backscatter diffraction in materials science |
title_sort | electron backscatter diffraction in materials science |
topic | Crystallography Materials Microscopy Scanning electron microscopy Kristallographie (DE-588)4033217-2 gnd Werkstoffkunde (DE-588)4079184-1 gnd Elektronenbeugung (DE-588)4151862-7 gnd Rückstreuung (DE-588)4178653-1 gnd |
topic_facet | Crystallography Materials Microscopy Scanning electron microscopy Kristallographie Werkstoffkunde Elektronenbeugung Rückstreuung |
url | http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz302803726kap.htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018639269&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT schwartzadamj electronbackscatterdiffractioninmaterialsscience |