Biology: life on earth
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston [u.a.]
Pearson Education
2010
|
| Ausgabe: | 9. ed. , internat. ed., student ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXX, 658 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 Student access kit |
| ISBN: | 9780321598479 9780321699848 0321598474 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Audesirk, Teresa |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Biology |b life on earth |c Teresa Audesirk ; Gerald Audesirk ; Bruce E. Byers |
| 250 | |a 9. ed. , internat. ed., student ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston [u.a.] |b Pearson Education |c 2010 | |
| 300 | |a XXX, 658 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |e 1 Student access kit | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Audesirk, Gerald |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Byers, Bruce E. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140695790813184 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Detailed Contents
Preface
xxiii
1
An Introduction to Life on Earth 1
Case Study Are Viruses Alive?
1
1.1
How Do Scientists Study Life?
2
Life Can Be Studied at Different Levels
2
Scientific Principles Underlie All Scientific Inquiry
4
The Scientific Method Is the Basis for Scientific Inquiry
4
Scientific inquiry Controlled Experiments, Then and Now
6
Communication Is Crucial to Science
8
Science Is a Human Endeavor
8
Scientific Theories Have Been Thoroughly Tested
8
1.2
Evolution: The Unifying Theory of Biology
9
Three Natural Processes Underlie Evolution
9
1.3
What Are the Characteristics of Living Things?
11
Living Things Are Complex, Organized, and Composed
of
Cel
Is
11
Earth Watch Why Preserve Biodiversity?
12
LivingThings Maintain Relatively Constant Internal Conditions
Through Homeostasis
13
LivingThings Respond to Stimuli
13
LivingThings Acquire and Use Materials and Energy
13
LivingThings Grow
13
LivingThings Reproduce Themselves
13
LivingThings, Collectively, Have the Capacity to Evolve
14
Case Study Continued Are Viruses Alive7.
14
1.4
How Do Scientists Categorize the Diversity
of Life?
14
The Domains Bacteria and Archaea Consist of Prokaryotic Cells;
the Domain Eukarya Is Composed of Eukaryotic Cells
15
Bacteria and Archaea Are Mostly Unicellular; Members of the
Kingdoms Fungi, Plantae, and
Ammalia Are
Nearly All
Multicellular
15
Members of the Different Kingdoms Have Different Ways of
Acquiring Energy
1 6
Case Study Continued Are Viruses Alive?
16
Links to Everyday Life Knowledge of Biology Illuminates
Life
16
Case Study Revisited Are Viruses Alive?
17
Uniti
The Life of a Cell
19
2
Atoms, Molecules, and Life
20
Case Study Crushed by Ice
20
2.1
What Are Atoms?
21
Atoms, the Basic Structural Units of Elements, Are Composed of
Still Smaller Particles
21
Scientific Inquiry Radioactivity in Research
23
2.2
How Do Atoms Interact to Form Molecules?
24
Atoms interact with Other Atoms When There Are Vacancies in
Their Outermost Electron Shells
24
Free Radicals Are Highly Reactive and Can Damage Cells
24
Links to Everyday Life
Hmm
...
What Gas Should I Use to
Inflate My Blimp—Or Fill My Car?
25
Chemical Bonds Hold Atoms Together in Molecules
25
Ionic Bonds Form Among Charged Atoms Called Ions
25
Health Watch Might Chocolate Actually Be Good for You?
26
Covalent Bonds Form Between Uncharged Atoms That Share
Electrons
27
Hydrogen Bonds Are Attractive Forces Between Polar
Molecules
27
2.3
Why Is Water So Important to Life?
28
Water Molecules Attract One Another
28
Water Interacts with Many Other Molecules
29
Case Study Continued Crushed by Ice
30
Water-Based Solutions Can Be Acidic, Basic, or Neutral
30
Water Moderates the Effects ofTemperature Changes
32
Case Study Continued Crushed by Ice
33
Water Forms an Unusual Solid: Ice
33
Case Study Revisited Crushed by Ice
33
3
Biological Molecules
36
Case Study Puzzling Proteins
36
3.1
Why Is Carbon So Important in Biological
Molecules?
37
3.2
How Are Organic Molecules Synthesized?
37
Biological Polymers Are Formed by Removing Water and Split
Apart by Adding Water
38
3.3
What Are Carbohydrates?
38
There Are Several Monosaccharides with Slightly Different
Structures
39
Disaccharides Consist ofTwo Single Sugars Linked by
Dehydration Synthesis
40
Polysaccharides Are Chains of Single Sugars
41
Links to Everyday Life Fake Foods
41
ix
Detailed Contents
3.4
What Are
Üpids?
43
Oils, Fats, and Waxes Are Lipids Containing Only Carbon,
Hydrogen, and Oxygen
43
Phospholipids Have Water-Soluble Heads and Water-
Insoluble Tails
44
Steroids Consist of Four Carbon Rings Fused Together
44
3.5
What Are Proteins?
45
Health Watch Cholesterol Trans Fats, and Your Heart
46
Proteins Are Formed from Chains of
Amino
Acids
47
Amino
Acids Are joined to Form Chains by Dehydration
Synthesis
47
A Protein Can Have Up to Four Levels of Structure
48
Case Study Continued Puzzling Proteins
48
A Closer Look At Proteins and Hair Texture
50
The Functions of Proteins Are Related toTheirThree-
Dimensional Structures
51
3.6
What Are Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids?
51
Nucleotides Act as Energy Carriers and Intracellular
Messengers
51
DNA
and
RNA,
the Molecules of Heredity, Are Nucleic
Acids
51
Case Study Continued Puzzling Proteins
52
Case Study Revisited Puzzling Proteins
52
4
Cell Structure and Function
55
Case Study Spare Parts for Human Bodies
55
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
What Is the Cell Theory?
56
What Are the Basic Attributes of Cells?
56
Cell Function Limits Cell Size
56
All Cells Share Common Features
56
Scientific Inquiry The Search for the Cell
58
Case Study Continued Spare Parts for Human Bodies
60
There Are Two Basic Types of Cells: Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic
62
What Are the Major Features of Eukaryotic
Cells?
62
Some Eukaryotic Cells Are Supported by Cell Walls
63
The Cytoskeleton Provides Shape, Support, and Movement
63
Cilia and
Flagella Move
the Cell Through Fluid or Move Fluid
Past the Cell
64
The Nucleus Is the Control Center of the Eukaryotic Cell
65
Case Study Continued Spare Parts for Human Bodies
67
Eukaryotic Cytoplasm Includes an Elaborate System of
Membranes
67
Vacuoles
Serve Many Functions, Including Water Regulation,
Support, and Storage
70
Mitochondria Extract Energy from Food Molecules, and
Chloroplasts Capture Solar Energy
70
Plants Use Plastids for Storage
72
What Are the Major Features of Prokaryotic Cells?
72
Prokaryotic Cells Are Relatively Small and Possess Specialized
Surface Features
72
Prokaryotic Cells Have Fewer Specialized Structures Within Their
Cytoplasm
73
Links to Everyday Life Unwanted Guests
74
Case Study Revisited Spare Parts for Human Bodies
74
Cell Membrane Structure
and Function
77
Case Study Vicious Venoms
77
5.1
How Is the Structure of a Membrane Related to Its
Function?
78
Cell Membranes Isolate the Cell Contents While Allowing
Communication with the Environment
78
Membranes Are Fluid Mosaics in Which Proteins Move Within
Layers of Lipids
78
The Phospholipid Bilayer Is the Fluid Portion of the
Membrane
78
A Closer Look At Form, Function, and Phospholipids
80
Case Study Continued Vicious Venoms
81
A Variety of Proteins Form a Mosaic Within the Membrane
81
5.2
How Do Substances Move Across Membranes?
82
Molecules in Fluids Move in Response to Gradients
82
Movement Through Membranes Occurs by Passive Transport
and Energy-Requiring Transport
83
Passive Transport Includes Simple Diffusion, Facilitated
Diffusion, and Osmosis
84
Scientific Inquiry The Discovery of
Aąuapońns
86
Energy-Requiring Transport Includes Active Transport,
Endocytosis, and Exocytosis
87
Exchange of Materials Across Membranes Influences Cell Size
and Shape
90
5.3
How Do Specialized junctions Allow Cells to Connect
and Communicate?
92
Desmosomes Attach Cells Together
92
Tight Junctions Make Cell Attachments Leakproof
93
Capjunctions and Plasmodesmata Allow Direct
Communication Between Cells
93
Case Study Revisited Vicious Venoms
94
Detailed Contents
XI
6
Energy Flow in the
Ufe
of a Cell
97
Case Study Energy Unleashed
97
6.1
What Is Energy?
98
The Laws ofThermodynamics Describe the Basic Properties
of Energy
99
Case Study Continued Energy Unleashed
99
LivingThings Use the Energy of Sunlight to Create the Low-
Entropy Conditions of Life
99
6.2
How Does Energy Flow in Chemical
Reactions?
100
Exergonic Reactions Release Energy
100
Case Study Continued Energy Unleashed
101
Endergonic Reactions Require a Net Input of Energy
101
6.3
How Is Energy Transported Within Cells?
101
ATP Is the Principal Energy Carrier in Cells
101
Electron Carriers Also Transport Energy Within Cells
102
Coupled Reactions Link Exergonic with Endergonic
Reactions
102
6.4
How Do Enzymes Promote Biochemical
Reactions?
103
At Body Temperatures, Spontaneous Reactions Proceed Too
Slowly to Sustain Life
103
Catalysts Reduce Activation Energy
103
Enzymes Are Biological Catalysts
103
6.5
How Do Cells Regulate Their Metabolic
Reactions
105
Reaction Rates Tend to Increase as Substrate or Enzyme Levels
Increase
105
Case Study Continued Energy Unleashed
105
Cells Regulate Enzyme Synthesis
105
Cells Regulate Enzyme Activity
106
Health Watch Lacking an Enzyme Can Lead to Lactose
Intolerance or Phenylketonuria
106
Poisons, Drugs, and Environmental Conditions Influence
Enzyme Activity
107
Case Study Revisited Energy Unleashed
109
Capturing Solar Energy:
Photosynthesis
112
Case Study Did the Dinosaurs Die from Lack of Sunlight?
112
7.1
What Is Photosynthesis?
113
Leaves and Chloroplasts Are Adaptations for
Photosynthesis
113
Photosynthesis Consists of the Light Reactions and the Calvin
Cycle
114
Case Study Continued Did the Dinosaurs Die from Lack of
Sunlight?
115
7.2
Light Reactions: How Is Light Energy Converted to
Chemical Energy?
116
Light Is Captured by Pigments in Chloroplasts
116
The Light Reactions Occur in Association with the Thylakoid
Membranes
117
7.3
The Calvin Cycle: How Is Chemical Energy Stored in
Sugar Molecules?
120
The Calvin Cycle Captures Carbon Dioxide
120
Case Study Continued Did the Dinosaurs Die from Lack of
Sunlight?
120
Carbon Fixed During the Calvin Cycle Is Used to Synthesize
Sugar
121
7.4
Why Do Some Plants Use Alternate Pathways for
Carbon Fixation?
122
When
Stornata Are
Closed to Conserve Water, Wasteful
Photorespiration
Occurs
122
C4 Plants Capture Carbon and Synthesize Sugar in Different
Cells
122
CAM Plants Capture Carbon and Synthesize Sugar at Different
Times
123
Earth Watch Biofuels—Are Their Benefits Bogus?
124
Alternate Pathways Adapt Plants to Different Environmental
Conditions
124
Case Study Revisited Did the Dinosaurs Die from Lack of
Sunlight?
125
8
Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and
Cellular Respiration
127
Case Study When Athletes Boost Their Blood Counts:
Do Cheaters Prosper?
127
8.1
How Do Cells Obtain Energy?
128
Photosynthesis Is the Ultimate Source of Cellular Energy
128
Glucose Is a Key Energy-Storage Molecule
129
An Overview of Glucose Breakdown
129
8.2
What Happens During Glycolysis?
130
8.3
What Happens During Cellular Respiration?
130
Cellular Respiration in Eukaryotic Cells Occurs in Mitochondria
in Three Stages
130
A Closer Look At Glycolysis
131
A Closer Look At The Mitochondrial Matrix
Reactions
133
Case Study Continued When Athletes Boost Their Blood
Counts: Do Cheaters Prosper?
134
A Summary of Glucose Breakdown ¡n Eukaryotic Cells
135
XII
Detailed Contents
8.4
What Happens During Fermentation?
136
Why Is Fermentation Necessary?
136
Health Watch Why Can You Get Fat by Eating
Sugari
137
Some Cells Ferment Pyruvate to Form
Lactate
137
Some Cells Ferment Pyruvate to Form Alcohol and Carbon
Dioxide
138
Case Study Continued When Athletes Boost Their Blood
Counts: Do Cheaters Prosper?
138
Links to Everyday Life A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread, and a
Mice Bowl of Sauerkraut
139
Case Study Revisited When Athletes Boost Their Blood
Counts: Do Cheaters Prosper?
139
Unit
2
Inheritance
из
9
The Continuity of Life:
Cellular Reproduction
144
Case Study Send in the Clones
144
9.1
Why Do Cells Divide?
145
Cell Division Transmits Hereditary Information to Each
Daughter Cell
146
Cell Division Is Required for Growth and Development
146
Cell Division Is Required for Sexual and Asexual
Reproduction
147
9.2
What Occurs During the Prokaryotic
Cell Cycle?
148
9.3
How Is The
DNA in
Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Organized?
149
The Eukaryotic Chromosome Consists of a Linear
DNA
Double
Helix Bound to Proteins
149
Genes Are Segments of the
DNA
of a Chromosome
149
Duplicated Chromosomes Separate During Cell Division
150
Eukaryotic Chromosomes Usually Occur in Pairs with Similar
Genetic Information
150
9.4
What Occurs During the Eukaryotic Cell
Cycle?
151
The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Consists of
Interphase
and Cell
Division
151
9.5 How Does Mitotic Cell Division Produce Genetically
Identical Daughter Cells?
152
During
Prophase,
the Chromosomes Condense, the Spindle
Microtubules Form, and the Chromosomes Are Captured by
the Spindle Microtubules
153
During Metaphase, the Chromosomes Line Up Along the
Equator of the
Celi
153
During
Anaphase,
Sister Chromatids Separate and Are Pulled to
Opposite Poles of the Cell
153
During Teiophase, Nuclear Envelopes Form Around Both Groups
of Chromosomes
153
During Cytokinesis, the Cytoplasm Is Divided Between Two
Daughter Cells
153
Case Study Continued
Sená
in the Clones
154
Scientific Inquiry Carbon Copies—Cloning in Nature
and the Lab
156
9.6
How Is the Cell Cycle Controlled?
158
The Activities of Specific Enzymes Drive the Cell Cycle
158
Checkpoints Regulate Progress Through the Cell Cycle
159
9.7
Why Do so Many Organisms Reproduce
Sexually?
159
A Closer Look At Control of the Cell Cycle and Its Role in
Cancer
160
Mutations in
DNA Are
the Ultimate Source of Genetic
Variability
159
Case Study Continued Send in the Clones
159
Sexual Reproduction May Combine Different Parental
Alíeles
in
a Single Offspring
162
9.8
How Does Meiotic Cell Division Produce Haploid
Cells?
162
Meiosis Separates Homologous Chromosomes, Producing
Haploid Daughter Nuclei
162
Meiotic Cell Division Followed by Fusion of Gametes Keeps the
Chromosome Number Constant from Generation to
Generation
162
Meiosis I Separates Homologous Chromosomes into Two
Haploid Daughter Nuclei
162
Meiosis II Separates Sister Chromatids into Four Daughter
Nuclei
165
9.9
When Do Mitotic and Meiotic Celf Division Occur in
the Life Cycles of Eukaryotes?
166
In Haploid Life Cycles, the Majority of the Cycle Consists of
Haploid Cells
167
In Diploid Life Cycles, the Majority of the Cycle Consists of
Diploid Cells
167
In Alternation of Generations Life Cycles, There Are Both Diploid
and Haploid Multicellular Stages
167
9.10
How Do Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Produce
Genetic Variability?
168
Shuffling of
Homologues
Creates Novel Combinations of
Chromosomes
168
Crossing Over Creates Chromosomes with Novel Combinations
of Genes
169
Fusion of Gametes Adds Further Genetic Variability to the
Offspring
169
Case Study Revisited Send in the Clones
170
Detailed Contents
XIII
10
Patterns of Inheritance
173
Case Study Sudden Death on the Court
173
10.1
What Is the Physical Basis of Inheritance?
174
Genes Are Sequences of Nucleotides at Specific Locations on
Chromosomes
174
An Organism s Two
Alíeles
May Be the Same or Different
175
10.2
How Were the Principles of Inheritance
Discovered?
175
Doing It Right: The Secrets of Mendel s Success
175
10.3
How Are Single Traits Inherited?
176
The Inheritance of Dominant and Recessive
Alíeles
on
Homologous Chromosomes Can Explain the Results of
Mendel s Crosses
177
Simple Genetic Bookkeeping Can Predict Genotypes and
Phenotypes of Offspring
178
Mendel s Hypothesis Can Be Used to Predict the Outcome of
New Types of Single-Trait Crosses
179
Case Study Continued Sudden Death on the Court
180
10.4
How Are Multiple Traits Inherited?
180
Mendel Hypothesized That Traits Are Inherited
Independently
181
In an Unprepared World, Genius May Go Unrecognized
181
10.5
How Are Genes Located on the Same Chromosome
Inherited?
182
Genes on the Same Chromosome Tend to Be Inherited
Together
182
Crossing Over Creates New Combinations of Linked
Alíeles
183
10.6
How Is Sex Determined?
184
10.7
How Are Sex-Linked Genes Inherited?
184
Sex-Linked Genes Are Found Only on the X or Only on the
Y
Chromosome
184
10.8
Do the Mendelian Rules of Inheritance Apply
to All Traits?
186
Incomplete Dominance: The Phenotype of
Hétérozygotes
Is
Intermediate Between the Phenotypes of the
Homozygotes
186
A Single Gene May Have Multiple
Alíeles
186
Many Traits Are Influenced by Several Genes
187
Single Genes Typically Have Multiple Effects on Phenotype
187
The Environment Influences the Expression of Genes
187
Case Study Continued Sudden Death on the Court
189
10.9
How Are Human Genetic Disorders
Investigated?
189
10.10
How Are Human Disorders Caused by Single Genes
Inherited?
189
Some Human Genetic Disorders Are Caused by Recessive
Alíeles
189
Some Human Genetic Disorders Are Caused by Dominant
Alíeles
191
Some Human Genetic Disorders Are Sex-Linked
191
10.11
How Do Errors in Chromosome Number Affect
Humans?
192
Some Genetic Disorders Are Caused by Abnormal Numbers of
Sex Chromosomes
192
Health Watch Muscular Dystrophy
194
Some Genetic Disorders Are Caused by Abnormal Numbers of
Autosomes
195
Case Study Revisited Sudden Death on the Court
196
11 DNA;
The Molecule of Heredity
200
Case Study Muscles, Mutations, and Myostatin
200
11.1
How Did Scientists Discover That Genes Are Made
of
DNA? 201
Transformed Bacteria Revealed the Link Between Genes and
DNA 201
11.2
What is the Structure of
DNA? 203
DNA
Is Composed of Four Nucleotides
203
DNA
Is a Double Helix ofTwo Nucleotide Strands
203
Scientific Inquiry
DNA
Is the Hereditary Molecule
of
Bacteríophages
204
Hydrogen Bonds Between Complementary Bases Hold Two
DNA
Strands Together in a Double Helix
206
11.3
How Does
DNA
Encode Information?
207
Scientific Inquiry The Discovery of the Double Helix
208
Case Study Continued Muscles, Mutations, and
Myostatin
208
11.4
How Does
DNA
Replication Ensure Genetic
Constancy During Cell Division?
209
Replication of
DNA
Is a Critical Event in the Cell Cycle
209
DNA
Replication Produces Two
DNA
Double Helices, Each with
One Original Strand and One New Strand
209
Case Study Continued Muscles, Mutations, and
Myostatin
209
A Closer Look At
DNA
Structure and Replication
210
51.
S
How Do Mutations Occur?
213
Accurate Replication and Proofreading Produce Almost
Error-Free
DNA 213
Mistakes Do Happen
213
XIV
Detailed Contents
Mutations Range from Changes in Single Nucleotide Pairs to
Movements of Large Pieces of Chromosomes
213
Mutations May Have Varying Effects on Function
213
Case Study Revisited Muscles, Mutations, and
Myostatin
215
12
Gene Expression and Regulation
217
Case Study Cystic Fibrosis
217
12.1
How Is the Information in
DNA
Used in a Cell?
218
Most Genes Contain the Information for the Synthesis of a
Single Protein
218
DNA
Provides Instructions for Protein Synthesis via
RNA
Intermediaries
218
Scientific Inquiry One Gene, One Protein
220
Overview: Genetic Information Is Transcribed into
RNA
and
Then Translated into Protein
221
The Genetic Code Uses Three Bases to Specify an
Amino
Acid
222
12.2
How Is the Information in a Gene Transcribed
Into
RNA?
223
Transcription Begins When
RNA Polymerase
Binds to the
Promoter of a Gene
223
Elongation Generates a Growing Strand of
RNA
224
Transcription Stops When
RNA
Polymerase Reaches the
Termination Signal
225
12.3
How Is the Base Sequence of Messenger
RNA
Translated into Protein?
225
Messenger
RNA
Synthesis Differs Between Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes
225
Health Watch Genetics, Evoiution, and Medicine
227
During Translation, mRNA, tRNA, and Ribosomes Cooperate to
Synthesize Proteins
227
Case Study Continued Cystic Fibrosis
227
12.4
How Do Mutations Affect Protein Function?
229
Mutations May Have a Variety of Effects on Protein Structure
and Function
229
Mutations Provide the Raw Material for Evolution
230
Case Study Continued Cystic Fibrosis
231
12.5
How Are Genes Regulated?
231
Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes
231
Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
232
Eukaryotic Cells May Regulate the Transcription of Individual
Genes, Regions of Chromosomes, or Entire
Chromosomes
233
Scientific Inquiry
RNA—
it s Not ]ust a Messenger
Anymore
234
Health Watch Sex, Aging, and Mutations
236
Case Study Revisited Cystic Fibrosis
236
13
Biotechnology
240
Case Study Guilty or Innocent?
240
13.1
What Is Biotechnology?
241
13.2
How Does
DNA Recombine
in Nature?
241
Sexual Reproduction Recombines
DNA 242
Transformation May Combine
DNA
from Different Bacterial
Species
242
Viruses May Transfer
DNA
Between Species
243
13.3
How Is Biotechnology Used in Forensic
Science?
244
The Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplifies
DNA 244
Scientific Inquiry Hot Springs and Hot Science
245
Differences in Short Tandem Repeats Can Identify Individuals by
Their
DNA 245
Case Study Continued Guilty or Innocent?
246
Gel Electrophoresis Separates
DNA
Segments
246
DNA
Probes Are Used to Label Specific Nucleotide
Sequences
247
Unrelated Peopie Almost Never Have Identical
DNA
Profiles
247
Case Study Continued Guilty or Innocent?
248
13.4
How Is Biotechnology Used in Agriculture?
248
Many Crops Are Genetically Modified
248
Genetically Modified Plants May Be Used to Produce
Medicines
250
Genetically Modified Animals May Be Useful in Agriculture and
Medicine
251
13.5 How Is Biotechnology Used to Learn About the
Human Genome?
251
13.6
How Is Biotechnology Used for Medical Diagnosis
and Treatment?
252
DNA
Technology Can Be Used to Diagnose Inherited
Disorders
252
DNA
Technology Can Help to Treat Disease
254
13.7
What Are the Major Ethical Issues of Modern
Biotechnology?
255
Should Genetically Modified Organisms Be Permitted in
Agriculture?
255
Should the Genome of Humans Be Changed by
Biotechnology?
256
Health Watch Golden Rice
257
Health Watch Prenatal Genetic Screening
258
Case Study Revisited Guilty or innocent?
261
Detailed Contents
XV
Unit
3
Evolution and Diversity of Life
265
14
Principles of Evolution
266
Case Study What Good Are Wisdom Teeth?
266
14.1
How Did Evolutionary Thought Develop?
267
Early Biological Thought Did Not Include the Concept of
Evolution
267
Exploration of New Lands Revealed a Staggering Diversity of
Life
268
A Few Scientists Speculated That Life Had Evolved
268
Fossil Discoveries Showed That Life Has Changed over
Time
268
Some Scientists Devised Nonevolutionary Explanations for
Fossils
269
Geology Provided Evidence That Earth Is Exceedingly Old
269
Some Pre-Darwin Biologists Proposed Mechanisms for
Evolution
269
Darwin and Wallace Proposed a Mechanism of Evolution
271
14.2
How Does Natural Selection Work?
271
Darwin and Wallace s Theory Rests on Four Postulates
271
Scientific Inquiry Charles Darwin
—
Nature Was His
Laboratory
272
Postulate
1 :
Individuals in a Population Vary
273
Postulate
2:
Traits Are Passed from Parent to Offspring
273
Postulate
3:
Some Individuals Fail to Survive and
Reproduce
273
Postulate
4:
Survival and Reproduction Are Not Determined by
Chance
273
Natural Selection Modifies Populations overTime
274
14.3
How Do We Know That Evolution Has
Occurred?
275
Fossils Provide Evidence of Evolutionary Change overTime
275
Comparative Anatomy Gives Evidence of Descent with
Modification
275
Embryological Similarity Suggests Common Ancestry
277
Modern Biochemical and Genetic Analyses Reveal Relatedness
Among Diverse Organisms
278
Case Study Continued What Good Are
Wisdom Teeth?
278
14.4
What Is the Evidence That Populations Evolve
by Natural Selection?
279
Controlled Breeding Modifies Organisms
279
Evolution by Natural Selection Occurs Today
279
Earth Watch People Promote High-Speed Evolution
281
Case Study Revisited What Good Are
Wisdom Teeth?
282
15
How Populations Evolve
284
Case Study Evolution of a Menace
284
15.1
How Are Populations, Genes, and Evolution
Related?
285
Genes and the Environment Interact to Determine Traits
285
The Gene Pool Is the Sum of the Genes in a Population
286
Evolution Is the Change of
Alíele
Frequencies Within a
Population
286
The Equilibrium Population Is a Hypothetical Population in
Which Evolution Does Not Occur
286
15.2
What Causes Evolution?
287
Mutations Are the Original Source of Genetic Variability
287
A Closer Look At The Hardy-Weinberg Principle
288
Case Study Continued Evolution of a Menace
288
Gene Flow Between Populations Changes
Alíele
Frequencies
289
Alíele
Frequencies May Drift in Small Populations
290
Earth Watch The Perth of Shrinking Gene
Pook
294
Mating Within a Population Is Almost Never Random
295
All Genotypes Are Not Equally Beneficial
295
Case Study Continued Evolution of a Menace
296
15.3
How Does Natural Selection Work?
297
Natural Selection Stems from Unequal Reproduction
Natural Selection Acts on Phenotypes
297
Some Phenotypes Reproduce More Successfully Than
Others
297
Selection Can Influence Populations in Three Ways
299
Case Study Revisited Evolution of a Menace
301
297
16
The Origin of Species
303
Case Study Lost World
303
16.1
What Is a Species?
304
Biologists Need a Clear Definition of Species
304
Each Species Evolves Independently
304
Appearance Can Be Misleading
304
Links to Everyday Life Biological Vanity Plates
305
16.2
How Is Reproductive Isolation Between Species
Maintained?
306
Premating Isolating Mechanisms Prevent Mating Between
Species
306
Postmating Isolating Mechanisms Limit Hybrid Offspring
308
16-3
How Do New Species Form?
309
Earth Watch Hybridization and Extinction
310
Geographic Separation of a Population Can Lead to Allopatric
Speciation
310
Genetic Isolation Without Geographic Separation Can Lead to
Sympatric Speciation
311
XVI
Ddetailed
Contents
Case Study Continued Lost World
312
Under Some Conditions, Many New Species May Arise
16.4
What Causes Extinction?
313
Localized Distribution Makes Species Vulnerable
314
Overspecialization Increases the Risk of Extinction
314
Interactions with Other Species May Drive a Species to
Extinction
314
Habitat Change and Destruction Are the Leading Causes
of Extinction
315
Case Study Revisited Lost World
315
313
17
The History of Life
317
Case Study Little People, Big Story
317
17.1
How Did Life Begin?
318
Experiments Refuted Spontaneous Generation
318
The First Living Things Arose from Nonliving Ones
318
RNA
May Have Been the First Self-Reproducing Molecule
320
Membrane-Like Vesicles May Have Enclosed Ribozymes
321
But Did All This Happen?
321
17.2
What Were the Earliest Organisms Like?
322
The First Organisms Were Anaerobic Prokaryotes
322
Scientific Inquiry How Do We Know How Old
a Fossil Is?
324
Some Organisms Evolved the Ability to Capture the Sun s
Energy
324
Photosynthesis Increased the Amount of Oxygen in the
Atmosphere
324
Aerobic Metabolism Arose in Response to the Oxygen
Crisis
325
Some Organisms Acquired Membrane-Enclosed
Organelles
325
17.3
What Were the Earliest Multicellular Organisms
Like?
326
Some Algae Became Multicellular
326
Animal Diversity Arose in the Precambrian Era
326
17.4
How Did Life Invade the Land?
328
Some Plants Became Adapted to Life on Dry Land
328
Some Animals Became Adapted to Life on Dry Land
329
17.5
What Role Has Extinction Played in the History
of Life?
331
Evolutionary History Has Been Marked by Periodic Mass
Extinctions
331
Climate Change Contributed to Mass Extinctions
331
Catastrophic Events May Have Caused the Worst Mass
Extinctions
332
17.6
How Did Humans Evolve?
333
Humans Inherited Some Early Primate Adaptations for Life
in Trees
333
The Oldest Hominin Fossils Are from Africa
334
The Earliest Hominins Could Stand and Walk Upright
334
Several Species of Australopithecus Emerged in Africa
336
The Genus Homo Diverged from the Australopithecines
2.5
Million Years Ago
336
The Evolution of Homo Was Accompanied by Advances in Tool
Technology
336
Neanderthals Had Large Brains and Excellent Tools
337
Modern Humans Emerged Less Than
200,000
Years
Ago
337
Several Waves of Hominins Emigrated from Africa
338
Case Study Continued Little People, Big Story
339
The Evolutionary Origin of Large Brains May Be Related to Meat
Consumption
339
The Evolutionary Origin of Human Behavior Is Highly
Speculative
339
The Cultural Evolution of Humans Now Far Outpaces Biological
Evolution
339
Case Study Revisited Little People, Big Story
340
18
Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst
Diversity
342_______
Case Study Origin of a Killer
342
18.1
How Are Organisms Named and Classified?
343
Each Species Has a Unique, Two-Part Name
343
Classification Originated as a Hierarchy of Categories
344
Modern Classification Emphasizes Patterns of Evolutionary
Descent
344
Systematists Identify Features That Reveal Evolutionary
Relationships
344
Anatomy Plays a Key Role in Systematics
344
Molecular Similarities Are Also Useful for Reconstructing
Phylogeny
345
Scientific Inquiry Molecular Genetics Reveals Evolutionary
Relationships
346
Case Study Continued Origin of a Killer
346
18.2
What Are the Domains of Life?
346
A Three-Domain System More Accurately Reflects Life s
History
347
Links to Everyday Life Small World
347
A Closer Look At Phylogenetic Trees
348
18.3
Why Do Classifications Change?
351
Species Designations Change When New Information
Is Discovered
351
The Biological Species Definition Can Be Difficult or Impossible
to Apply
351
18.4
How Many Species Exist?
351
Case Study Revisited Origin of a Killer
352
Detailed Contents
XVII
19
The Diversity of Prokaryotes
and Viruses
355
Case Study Agents of Death
355
19.1
Which Organisms Are Members of the Domains
Archaea and Bacteria?
356
Bacteria and Archaea Are Fundamentally Different
356
Classification of Prokaryotes Within Each Domain Is
Difficult
356
Prokaryotes Differ in Size and Shape
357
19.2
How Do Prokaryotes Survive and
Reproduce?
357
Some Prokaryotes Are Motile
357
Many Bacteria Form Films on Surfaces
358
Protective Endospores Allow Some Bacteria to Withstand
Adverse Conditions
358
Case Study Continued Agents of Death
358
Prokaryotes Are Specialized for Specific Habitats
359
Prokaryotes Have Diverse Metabolisms
359
Prokaryotes Reproduce by Binary Fission
360
Prokaryotes May Exchange Genetic Material Without
Reproducing
360
19.3
How Do Prokaryotes Affect Humans and Other
Organisms?
360
Prokaryotes Play Important Roles in Animal Nutrition
361
Prokaryotes Capture the Nitrogen Needed by Plants
361
Prokaryotes Are Nature s Recyclers
361
Prokaryotes Can Clean Up Pollution
361
Some Bacteria Pose a Threat to Human Health
362
Case Study Continued Agents of Death
362
19.4
What Are Viruses, Viroids, and
Prions?
363
A Virus Consists of a Molecule of
DNA
or
RNA
Surrounded
by a Protein Coat
363
Links to Everyday
Ufe
Unwelcome Dinner Guests
363
Viruses Are Parasites
365
A Closer Look At Virus Replication
366
Case Study Continued Agents of Death
367
Some Infectious Agents Are Even Simpler Than Viruses
367
No One Is Certain How These Infectious Particles
Originated
368
Case Study Revisited Agents of Death
368
20
The Diversity of Protists
370
Case Study Green Monster
370
20.1
What Are Protists?
371
Most Protists Are Single Celled
371
Protists Use Diverse Modes of Nutrition
371
Protists Use Diverse Modes of Reproduction
373
Protists Affect Humans and Other Organisms
373
20.2
What Are the Major Croups of Protists?
373
Excavates Lack Mitochondria
374
Euglenozoans Have Distinctive Mitochondria
374
Stramenopiles Include Photosynthetic and Nonphotosynthetic
Organisms 37S
Alveolates Include Parasites, Predators, and
Phytoplankton
376
Case Study Continued Green Monster
379
Rhizarians Have Thin Pseudopods
379
Amoebozoans Inhabit Aquatic and Terrestrial
Environments
380
Red Algae Live Primarily in Clear Tropical Oceans
382
Green Algae Live Mostly in Ponds and Lakes
382
Case Study Revisited Green Monster
383
21
The Diversity of Plants
зѕѕ
__________
Case Study Queen of the Parasites
385
21.1
What Are the Key Features of Plants?
386
Plants Have Multicellular, Dependent Embryos
386
Plants Have Alternating Multicellular Haploid and Diploid
Generations
386
21.2
How Do Plants Affect Other Organisms?
386
Plants Play a Crucial Ecological Role
386
Plants Provide Humans with Necessities and Luxuries
388
21.3
What Is the Evolutionary Origin of Plants?
388
The Ancestors of Plants Were Aquatic
389
Case Study Continued Queen
o f
the Parasites
389
21.4
How Have Plants Adapted to Life on
Land?
389
Plant Bodies Resist Gravity and Drying
389
Plant Embryos Are Protected, and Some Plants Have Sex
Cells That Disperse Without Water
389
21.5
What Are the Major Groups of Plants?
389
Nonvascular Plants Lack Conducting Structures
389
Vascular Plants Have Conducting Ceils That Also Provide
Support
392
The Seedless Vascular Plants Include the Club Mosses,
Horsetails, and Ferns
392
The Seed Plants Are Aided by Two Important Adaptations:
Pollen and Seeds
394
Gymnosperms Are Nonflowering Seed Plants
395
Angiosperms Are Flowering Seed Plants
398
Case Study Continued Queen of the Parasites
400
More Recently Evolved Plants Have Smaller
Gametophytes
400
Case Study Revisited Queen of the Parasites
401
XVIII
Detailed Contents
22
The Diversity of Fungi
4оз
Case Study Humongous Fungus
403
22.1
What Are the Key Features of Fungi?
404
Fungal Bodies Consist of Slender Threads
404
Fungi Obtain Their Nutrients from Other Organisms
405
Fungi Propagate by Spores
405
Most Fungi Can Reproduce Both Asexually and Sexually
406
22.2
What Are the Major Groups of Fungi?
406
Chytrids Produce Swimming Spores
407
Zygomycetes Can Reproduce by Forming Diploid Spores
407
Glomeromycetes Associate with Plant Roots
408
Basidiomycetes Produce Club-Shaped Reproductive
Structures
409
Ascomycetes Form Spores in a Saclike Case
410
Case Study Continued Humongous Fungus
411
22.3
How Do Fungi Interact with Other Species?
412
Lichens Are Formed by Fungi That Live with Photosynthetic
Algae or Bacteria
412
Mycorrhizae Are Fungi Associated with Plant Roots
413
Endophytes Are Fungi That Live Inside Plant Stems and
Leaves
414
Some Fungi Are Important Decomposers
414
22.4
How Do Fungi Affect Humans?
414
Fungi Attack PlantsThat Are Important to People
414
Case Study Continued Humongous Fungus
АЛЛ
Fungi Cause Human Diseases
415
Fungi Can Produce Toxins
415
Many Antibiotics Are Derived from Fungi
416
Fungi Make Important Contributions to Gastronomy
416
Links to Everyday Life Collect Carefully
417
Case Study Revisited Humongous Fungus
418
23
Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates
420
Case Study The Search for a Sea Monster
420
23.1
What Are the Key Features of Animals?
421
23.2
Which Anatomical Features Mark Branch Points on
the Animal Evolutionary Tree?
421
Lack of Tissues Separates Sponges from All Other
Animals
421
Animals with Tissues Exhibit Either Radial or Bilateral
Symmetry
421
Most Bilateral Animals Have Body Cavities
423
Bilateral Organisms Develop in One of Two Ways
423
Protostomes Include Two Distinct Evolutionary Lines
424
23.3
What Are the Major Animal Phyla?
424
Sponges Have a Simple Body Plan
424
Cnidarians Are Weil-Armed Predators
426
Comb Jellies Use Cilia to Move
429
Flatworms May Be Parasitic or Free Living
429
Annelids Are Segmented Worms
430
Most Mollusks Have Shells
432
Health Watch Physicians Assistants
434
Case Study Continued The Search for a Sea Monster
435
Arthropods Are the Most Diverse and Abundant Animals
436
Roundworms Are Abundant and MostlyTiny
440
Echinoderms Have a Calcium Carbonate Skeleton
441
The Chordates Include the Vertebrates
443
Case Study Revisited The Search for a Sea Monster
443
24
Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates
446
Case Study Fish Story
446
24.1
What Are the Key Features of Chordates?
447
All Chordates Share Four Distinctive Structures
447
24.2
Which Clades Make Up the Chordates?
447
Lanceiets Are Marine Filter-Feeders
447
Tunicates Include Sea Squirts and Salps
447
Craniates Have a Skull
448
Case Study Continued Fish Story
451
24.3
What Are the Major Groups of Vertebrates?
451
Some Lampreys Parasitize Fish
451
Cartilaginous Fishes Are Marine Predators
451
Ray-Finned Fishes Are the Most Diverse Vertebrates
452
Coelacanths and Lungfishes Have Lobed Fins
453
Amphibians Live a Double Life
453
Reptiles Are Adapted for Life on Land
455
Earth Watch Frogs in Peril
456
Mammals Provide Milk to Their Offspring
459
Case Study Revisited Fish Story
461
Unit
4
Behavior and Ecology
463
25
Animal Behavior
464
Case Study Sex and Symmetry
464
25.1
How Do Innate and Learned Behaviors Differ?
465
Innate Behaviors Can Be Performed Without Prior
Experience
465
Learned Behaviors Require Experience
465
There Is No Sharp Distinction Between Innate and Learned
Behaviors
468
25.2
How Do Animals Communicate?
470
Visual Communication Is Most Effective over Short
Distances
470
Communication by Sound Is Effective over Longer
Distances
471
Chemical Messages Persist Longer But Are Hard to Vary
472
Links to Everyday Life Mine Finders
472
Communication by Touch Helps Establish Social Bonds
473
Detailed Contents
XIX
25.3
How Do Animals Compete for Resources?
473
Aggressive Behavior Helps Secure Resources
473
Dominance Hierarchies Help Manage Aggressive
Interactions
474
Animals May Defend Territories That Contain Resources
475
25.4
How Do Animals Find Mates?
476
Signals Encode Sex, Species, and Individual Quality
477
Case Study Continued Sex and Symmetry
479
25.5
Why Do Animals Play?
479
Animals Play Alone or with Other Animals
479
Play Aids Behavioral Development
480
25.6
What Kinds of Societies Do Animals Form?
480
Group Living Has Advantages and Disadvantages
480
Sociality Varies Among Species
481
Forming Groups with Relatives Fosters the Evolution of
Altruism
481
Honeybees Live Together in Rigidly Structured Societies
481
Naked Mole Rats Form a Complex Vertebrate Society
482
25.7
Can Biology Explain Human Behavior?
483
The Behavior of Newborn Infants Has a Large Innate
Component
483
Young Humans Acquire Language Easily
484
Behaviors Shared by Diverse Cultures May Be Innate
484
Humans May Respond to Pheromones
484
Case Study Continued Sex and Symmetry
485
Studies of Twins Reveal Genetic Components of Behavior
485
Biological Investigation of Human Behavior Is
Controversial
485
Case Study Revisited Sex and Symmetry
485
26
Population Growth and Regulation
488
Case Study The Mystery of Easter Island
488
26.1
How Does Population Size Change?
489
Population Size Is the Outcome of Opposing Forces
489
Biotic Potential Can Produce Exponential Growth
490
26.2
How Is Population Growth Regulated?
492
Exponential Growth Occurs Only Under Special
Conditions
492
Health Watch Boom-and-Bust Cycles Can Be Bad News
493
Environmental Resistance Limits Population Growth
494
A Closer Look At Logistic Population Growth
495
Case Study Continued The Mystery of Easter Island
495
26.3
How Are Populations Distributed in Space and
Time?
499
Populations Exhibit Different Spatial Distributions
499
Survivorship in Populations Follows Three Basic
Patterns
500
26.4
How is the Human Population Changing?
501
Demographers Track Changes in the Human
Population
501
The Human Population Continues to Grow Rapidly
501
A Series of Advances Have Increased Earth s Capacity
to Support People
502
Case Study Continued The Mystery of Easter Island
502
The Demographic Transition Explains Trends in Population
Size
503
World Population Growth Is Unevenly Distributed
503
Earth Watch Have We Exceeded Earth s Carrying
Capacity?
504
The Current Age Structure of a Population Predicts Its Future
Growth
505
Fertility in Europe Is Below Replacement Level
506
The U.S. Population Is Growing Rapidly
506
Case Study Revisited The Mystery of Easter Island
508
27
Community Interactions
511
Case Study Mussels Muscle In
511
27.1
Why Are Community Interactions Important?
512
27.2
What Is the Relationship Between the Ecological
Niche and Competition?
512
The Ecological Niche Defines the Place and Role of Each Species
in Its Ecosystem
512
Competition Occurs WheneverTwo Organisms Attempt to Use
the Same, Limited Resources
513
Adaptations Reduce the Overlap of Ecological Niches Among
Coexisting Species
513
Interspecific Competition May Reduce the Population Size and
Distribution of Each Species
514
Competition Within a Species Is a Major Factor Controlling
Population Size
514
Case Study Continued Mussels Muscle In
514
27.3
What Are the Results of Interactions Between
Predators and Their Prey?
514
Predator-Prey Interactions Shape Evolutionary
Adaptations
515
Case Study Continued Mussels Muscle In
515
Earth Watch Invasive Species Disrupt Community
Interactions
520
27.4
What Is Parasitism?
521
Scientific Inquiry A Parasite Makes Ants Berry Appealing to
Birds
522
Parasites and Their Hosts Act as Agents of Natural Selection on
One Another
522
27.5
What Is Mutualism?
522
27.6
How Do Keystone Species Influence Community
Structure?
523
27.7
Succession: How Do Community Interactions Cause
Change over Time?
524
XX
Detailed Contents
There Are Two Major Forms of Succession: Primary and
Secondary
524
Succession Culminates in a Climax Community
527
Some Ecosystems Are Maintained in
a Subclimax
Stage
528
Climax Communities Create Earth s Biomes
528
Case Study Revisited Mussels Muscle In
529
28
How Do Ecosystems Work?
532
Case Study Dying Fish Feed an Ecosystem
532
28.1
How Do Energy and Nutrients Move Through
Ecosystems?
533
28.2
How Does Energy Flow Through Ecosystems?
533
Energy Enters Communities Primarily Through
Photosynthesis
533
Energy Is Passed from One Trophic Level to the Next
535
Net Primary Production Is a Measure of the Energy Stored in
Producers
535
Food Chains and Food Webs Describe the Feeding Relationships
Within Communities
535
Detritus Feeders and Decomposers Release Nutrients
for Reuse
537
Energy Transfer Through Trophic Levels Is Inefficient
538
Case Study Continued Dying Fish Feed and Ecosystem
538
Health Watch Food Chains Magnify Toxic Substances
539
28.3
How Do Nutrients Cycle Within and Among
Ecosystems?
540
The
Hydrologie
Cycle Has Its Major Reservoir in the
Oceans
540
The Carbon Cycle Has Major Reservoirs in the Atmosphere
and Oceans
541
The Nitrogen Cycle Has Its Major Reservoir in the
Atmosphere
542
Case Study Continued Dying Fish Feed and Ecosystem
543
The Phosphorus Cycle Has Its Major Reservoir in Rock
543
28.4
What Happens When Humans Disrupt Nutrient
Cycles?
544
Overloading the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles Damages
Aquatic Ecosystems
544
Overloading the Sulfur and Nitrogen Cycles Causes Acid
Deposition
545
Interfering with the Carbon Cycle Is Warming Earth s
Climate
545
Earth Watch Poles in Peril
549
Case Study Revisited Dying Fish Feed an Ecosystem
550
29.4
How Is
Ufe
in Water Distributed?
569
Freshwater Ecosystems Include Lakes, Rivers, and
Wetlands
569
Saltwater Ecosystems Cover Much of Earth
572
Case Study Continued The Birds and the Beans
575
Case Study Revisited The Birds and the Beans
577
30
Conserving Earth s Biodiversity
581
29
Earth s Diverse Ecosystems
553
Case Study The Birds and the Beans
553
29.1
What Factors Influence Earth s Climate?
554
Both Climate and Weather Are Driven by the Sun
554
Earth s Physical Features Also Influence Climate
554
Earth Watch The Ozone Hole—A Puncture in Our Protective
Shield
555
29.2
What Conditions Does Life Require?
557
29.3
How Is Life on Land Distributed?
558
Terrestrial Biomes Support Characteristic Plant
Communities
558
Case Study Continued The Birds and the Beans
561
Rainfall and Temperature Limit the Plant Life of a Biome
568
Case Study The Migration of the Monarchs
581
30.1
What Is Conservation Biology?
582
31.2
Why Is Biodiversity Important?
582
Ecosystem Services: Practical Uses for Biodiversity
582
Ecological Economics Recognizes the Monetary Value of
Ecosystem Services
584
Earth Watch Restoring the Everglades
585
30.3
Is Earth s Biodiversity Diminishing?
586
Extinction Is a Natural Process, But Rates Have Risen
Dramatically
586
30.4
What Are the Major Threats to Biodiversity?
587
Humanity Is Depleting Earth s Ecological Capital
587
Human Activities Directly Threaten Biodiversity
587
Case Study Continued The Migration of the
Monarchs
588
Earth Watch Saving Sea Turtles
589
30.5 How Can Conservation Biology Help to Preserve
Biodiversity?
591
Conserving Wild Ecosystems
592
Earth Watch Restoring a Keystone Predator
594
30.6
Why Is Sustainability the Key to Conservation?
595
Sustainable Development Promotes
Long-Term
Ecological and
Human Well-Being
595
Biosphere Reserves Provide Models for Conservation and
Sustainable Development
595
Case Study Continued The Migration of the Monarchs
595
Sustainable Agriculture Preserves Productivity with Reduced
Impact on Natural Communities
596
Detailed Contents
XXI
The Future Is in Your Hands
597
Appendix IV:
Links to Everyday Life What Can individuals Do?
599
Classification of Major Groups of Eukaryotic
CaseStudy Revisited The Migration of the Monarchs
600
Organisms
608
Appendix I: Glossary
609
Biological Vocabulary: Common Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes
602
Answers to Selected Questions
631
Appendix II: Photo Credits
640
Periodic Table of the Elements
606 . ■
Appendix III:
Metric System Conversions
607
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Gerald Byers, Bruce E. |
| author_facet | Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Gerald Byers, Bruce E. |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Audesirk, Teresa |
| author_variant | t a ta g a ga b e b be beb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035767889 |
| classification_rvk | WB 9100 |
| classification_tum | BIO 780f BIO 465f BIO 480f BIO 766f BIO 100f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)634383711 (DE-599)BVBBV035767889 |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | 9. ed. , internat. ed., student ed. |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV035767889 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:04:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780321598479 9780321699848 0321598474 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018627643 |
| oclc_num | 634383711 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XXX, 658 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 Student access kit |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Pearson Education |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Audesirk, Teresa Verfasser aut Biology life on earth Teresa Audesirk ; Gerald Audesirk ; Bruce E. Byers 9. ed. , internat. ed., student ed. Boston [u.a.] Pearson Education 2010 XXX, 658 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 Student access kit txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 s b DE-604 Audesirk, Gerald Verfasser aut Byers, Bruce E. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018627643&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Gerald Byers, Bruce E. Biology life on earth Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4006851-1 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Biology life on earth |
| title_auth | Biology life on earth |
| title_exact_search | Biology life on earth |
| title_full | Biology life on earth Teresa Audesirk ; Gerald Audesirk ; Bruce E. Byers |
| title_fullStr | Biology life on earth Teresa Audesirk ; Gerald Audesirk ; Bruce E. Byers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biology life on earth Teresa Audesirk ; Gerald Audesirk ; Bruce E. Byers |
| title_short | Biology |
| title_sort | biology life on earth |
| title_sub | life on earth |
| topic | Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biologie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018627643&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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