Geostatistics for environmental scientists:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester [u.a.]
Wiley
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed., reprint. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Statistics in practice
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 315 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780470028582 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Webster, Richard |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Geostatistics for environmental scientists |c Richard Webster ; Margaret A. Oliver |
| 250 | |a 2. ed., reprint. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester [u.a.] |b Wiley |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 315 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Methode |0 (DE-588)4038971-6 |D s |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Oliver, Margaret A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018624121 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140690047762432 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xi
1
1
2
5
5
5
6
8
11
11
12
13
15
16
18
19
20
21
21
22
22
22
25
26
28
28
29
30
31
32
32
35
1
Introduction
1
.1
Why
geostatistics?
1.1.1
Generalizing
1.1.2
Description
1.1.3
Interpretation
1.1.4
Control
1
.2
A little history
1
.3
Finding your way
2
Basic Statistics
2
.1
Measurement and summary
2.1.1
Notation
2.1.2
Representing variation
2.1.3
The centre
2.1.4
Dispersion
2.
2
The normal distribution
2.
3
Covariance and correlation
2.
4
Transformations
2.4.1
Logarithmic transformation
2.4.2
Square root transformation
2.4.3
Angular transformation
2.4.4
Logit transformation
2.
5
Exploratory data analysis and display
2.5.1
Spatial aspects
2.
6
Sampling and estimation
2.6.1
Target population and units
2.6.2
Simple random sampling
2.6.3
Confidence limits
2.6.4
Student s
í
2.6.5
The
χ2
distribution
2.6.6
Central limit theorem
2.6.7
Increasing precision and efficiency
2.6.8
Soil classification
vi
Contents
3
Prediction and Interpolation
37
3.1
Spatial interpolation
37
3.1.1
Thiessen polygons (Voronoi polygons,
Dirichlet tessellation)
38
3.1.2 Triangulation 38
3.1.3
Natural neighbour interpolation
39
3.1.4
Inverse functions of distance
40
3.1.5
Trend surfaces
40
3.1.6
Splines
42
3.2
Spatial classification and predicting from soil maps
42
3.2.1
Theory
43
3.2.2
Summary
45
4
Characterizing Spatial Processes: The Covariance
and Variogram
47
4.1
Introduction
47
4.2
A stochastic approach to spatial variation: the theory
of regionalized variables
48
4.2.1
Random variables
48
4.2.2
Random functions
49
4.3
Spatial covariance
50
4.3.1
Staţionari
ty
52
4.3.2
Ergodicity
53
4.4
The covariance function
5 3
4.5
Intrinsic variation and the variogram
54
4.5.1
Equivalence with covariance
54
4.5.2
Quasi-stationarity
55
4.6
Characteristics of the spatial correlation functions
55
4.7
Which variogram?
60
4.8
Support and Krige s relation
60
4.8.1
Regularization
63
4.9
Estimating semivariances and covariances
65
4.9.1
The variogram cloud
65
4.9.2
h-Scattergrams
66
4.9.3
Average semivariances
67
4.9.4
The experimental covariance function
73
5
Modelling the Variogram
77
5.1
Limitations on variogram functions
79
5.1.1
Mathematical constraints
79
5.1.2
Behaviour near the origin
80
5.1.3
Behaviour towards infinity
82
5.2
Authorized models
82
5.2.1
Unbounded random variation
83
5.2.2
Bounded models
84
Contents
vii
5.3
Combining models
95
5.4
Periodicity
97
5.5
Anisotropy
99
5.6
Fitting models
101
5.6.1
What weights?
104
5.6.2
How complex?
105
6
Reliability of the Experimental Variogram and
Nested Sampling
109
6.1
Reliability of the experimental variogram
109
6.1.1
Statistical distribution
109
6.1.2
Sample size and design
119
6.1.3
Sample spacing
126
6.2
Theory of nested sampling and analysis
127
6.2.1
Link with regionalized variable theory
128
6.2.2
Case study: Youden and Mehlich s survey
129
6.2.3
Unequal sampling
131
6.2.4
Case study: Wyre Forest survey
134
6.2.5
Summary
138
7
Spectral Analysis
139
7.1
Linear sequences
139
7.2
Gilgai transect
140
7.3
Power spectra
142
7.3.1
Estimating the spectrum
144
7.3.2
Smoothing characteristics of windows
148
7.3.3
Confidence
149
7.4
Spectral analysis of the Caragabal transect
150
7.4.1
Bandwidths and confidence intervals
for Caragabal
150
7.5
Further reading on spectral analysis
152
8
Local Estimation or Prediction: Kriging
153
8.1
General characteristics of kriging
154
8.1.1
Kinds of kriging
154
8.2
Theory of ordinary kriging
155
8.3
Weights
159
8.4
Examples
160
8.4.1
Kriging at the centre of the lattice
161
8.4.2
Kriging off-centre in the lattice and at a
sampling point
169
8.4.3
Kriging from irregularly spaced data
172
8.5
Neighbourhood
172
8.6
Ordinary kriging for mapping
174
viii Contents
8.7
Casestudy
175
8.7.1
Krigíng
with known measurement error
180
8.7.2
Summary
180
8.8
Regional estimation
181
8.9
Simple kriging
183
8.10 Lognormal
kriging
185
8.11
Optimal sampling for mapping
186
8.11.1 Isotropie
variation
188
8.11.2 Anisotropie
variation
190
8.12
Cross-validation
191
8.12.1
Scatter and regression
193
9
Kriging in the Presence of Trend and Factorial Kriging
195
9.1
Non-stationarity in the mean
195
9.1.1
Some background
196
9.2
Application of residual maximum likelihood
200
9.2.1
Estimation of the variogram by REML
200
9.2.2
Practicalities
203
9.2.3
Kriging with external drift
203
9.3
Case study
205
9.4
Factorial kriging analysis
212
9.4.1
Nested variation
212
9.4.2
Theory
212
9.4.3
Kriging analysis
213
9.4.4
Illustration
218
10
Cross-Correlation, Coregionalization and Cokriging
219
10.1
Introduction
219
10.2
Estimating and modelling the cross-correlation
222
10.2.1
Intrinsic coregionalization
224
10.3
Example: CEDAR Farm
226
10.4
Cokriging
228
10.4.1
Is cokriging worth the trouble?
231
10.4.2
Example of benefits of cokriging
232
10.5
Principal components of coregionalization
matrices
235
10.6
Pseudo-cross-variogram
241
11
Disjunctive Kriging
243
11.1
Introduction
243
11.2
The indicator approach
246
11.2.1
Indicator coding
246
11.2.2
Indicator variograms
247
11.3
Indicator kriging
249
Contents ix
11.4
Disjunctive
kriging 251
11.4.1
Assumptions of Gaussian disjunctive kriging
251
11.4.2
Hermite polynomials
252
11.4.3
Disjunctive kriging for a Hermite polynomial
254
11.4.4
Estimation variance
256
11.4.5
Conditional probability
256
11.4.6
Change of support
257
11.5
Casestudy
257
11.6
Other case studies
263
11.7
Summary
266
12
Stochastic Simulation
267
12.1
Introduction
267
12.2
Simulation from a random process
268
12.2.1
Unconditional simulation
270
12.2.2
Conditional simulation
270
12.3
Technicalities
271
12.3.1
Lower-upper decomposition
272
12.3.2
Sequential Gaussian simulation
273
12.3.3
Simulated annealing
274
12.3.4
Simulation by turning bands
276
12.3.5
Algorithms
277
12.4
Uses of simulated fields
277
12.5
Illustration
278
Appendix
A Aide-mémoire
for Spatial Analysis
285
A.I Introduction
285
A.2 Notation
285
A.3 Screening
285
A.4 Histogram and summary
286
A.
5
Normality and transformation
287
A.
6
Spatial distribution
288
A.
7
Spatial analysis: the variogram
288
A.
8
Modelling the variogram
290
A.
9
Spatial estimation or prediction: kriging
291
A.
10
Mapping
292
Appendix
В
GenStat Instructions for Analysis
293
B.I Summary statistics
293
B.2 Histogram
294
B.3 Cumulative distribution
294
B.4 Posting
295
B.5 The variogram
295
χ
Contents
8.
5.1
Experimental variogram
295
8.5.2
Fitting a model
296
B.6 Kriging
297
B.7 Coregionalization
297
B.7.1 Auto- and cross-variograms
297
B.7.2 Fitting a model of coregionalization
298
B.7.3 Cokriging
298
B.8 Control
298
References
299
Index
309
|
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| author | Webster, Richard Oliver, Margaret A. |
| author_facet | Webster, Richard Oliver, Margaret A. |
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| discipline | Geowissenschaften Mathematik Umwelt Geographie |
| edition | 2. ed., reprint. |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:03:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780470028582 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018624121 |
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| physical | XII, 315 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Statistics in practice |
| spelling | Webster, Richard Verfasser aut Geostatistics for environmental scientists Richard Webster ; Margaret A. Oliver 2. ed., reprint. Chichester [u.a.] Wiley 2009 XII, 315 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Statistics in practice Geostatistik (DE-588)4020279-3 gnd rswk-swf Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd rswk-swf Umweltwissenschaften (DE-588)4137364-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4173536-5 Patentschrift gnd-content Geostatistik (DE-588)4020279-3 s Umweltwissenschaften (DE-588)4137364-9 s DE-604 Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 s Oliver, Margaret A. Verfasser aut V:DE-604 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016096845&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018624121&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Webster, Richard Oliver, Margaret A. Geostatistics for environmental scientists Geostatistik (DE-588)4020279-3 gnd Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Umweltwissenschaften (DE-588)4137364-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020279-3 (DE-588)4038971-6 (DE-588)4137364-9 (DE-588)4173536-5 |
| title | Geostatistics for environmental scientists |
| title_auth | Geostatistics for environmental scientists |
| title_exact_search | Geostatistics for environmental scientists |
| title_full | Geostatistics for environmental scientists Richard Webster ; Margaret A. Oliver |
| title_fullStr | Geostatistics for environmental scientists Richard Webster ; Margaret A. Oliver |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geostatistics for environmental scientists Richard Webster ; Margaret A. Oliver |
| title_short | Geostatistics for environmental scientists |
| title_sort | geostatistics for environmental scientists |
| topic | Geostatistik (DE-588)4020279-3 gnd Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Umweltwissenschaften (DE-588)4137364-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geostatistik Methode Umweltwissenschaften Patentschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016096845&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018624121&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT websterrichard geostatisticsforenvironmentalscientists AT olivermargareta geostatisticsforenvironmentalscientists |
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