Tense and aspect in Bantu:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Contributor biographical information Publisher description Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. [317]-369) and indexes |
| Beschreibung: | xviii, 401 p. ill., maps 26 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780199239290 0199239290 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Nurse, Derek |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Tense and aspect in Bantu |c Derek Nurse |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford University Press |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a xviii, 401 p. |b ill., maps |c 26 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. [317]-369) and indexes | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Bantu languages |x Tense | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bantu languages |x Aspect | |
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| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Bantusprachen |0 (DE-588)4112668-3 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Aspekt |g Linguistik |0 (DE-588)4068892-6 |D s |
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| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/2008001088-b.html |3 Contributor biographical information | |
| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/2008001088-d.html |3 Publisher description | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018622015&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018622015 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140686424932352 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Lût
of
Tables
xi
List of Maps
xii
Notes on Appendices
xiii
Acknowledgements
xiv
Abbreviations
xv
Conventions
xix
1
Introduction
1
1.1
Purpose
1
1.2
Bantu languages, the database, the choice of languages in
the database
2
1.3
The limits of Narrow Bantu; northwestern) Bantu
9
1.4
Conceptual framework
10
1.4.1
Tense and aspect form a system
1
1
1.4.2
Tense and aspect systems are cognitively based, not direct
representations of events in the real world
12
1.4.3
Tense and aspect form an interlocking system
12
1.4.4
A discrete verbal
TA form
has a specific and unique range
of meaning
13
1.4.5
The system is not inflexible or unchanging
13
1.4.6
Any given (single) verb form can only have one tense
14
1.4.7
Every finite verb form has aspect
14
1.4.8
Most Bantu languages encode tense on the left and aspect to
the right
14
1.5
Analysis of the languages in the database: establishing tense
and aspect
15
1.5.1
Analysing in an ideal world
15
1.5.2
Analysing from secondary sources
16
1.6
Questions and answers
18
1.7
Bantu innovations
20
1.7.1
Bantu languages are
verby
21
1.7.2
Richness of time divisions, especially for the past
21
1.7.3
Itive (and ventive)
22
1.7.4
Two (or more?) negative patterns
23
1.7.5
Disjunctive versus conjunctive focus
23
1.7.6
An anterior aspect marked surfixally
24
vi
Contents
1.7.7
A persistive
aspect
24
1.7.8
A
widely attested set of shared aspectual categories
24
1.7.9
A narrative (dependent, relative) tense
24
1.7.10
Rapid change
25
1.8
The structure of the book
25
1.9
List of languages used in this book
26
2
Verb structure and categories in Bantu
28
2.1
Bantu languages are agglutinating
28
2.2
Linear verb structure in Bantu
28
2.2.1
Singular imperatives
28
2.2.2
Inflected single words
29
2.2.3
Two-word structures, consisting of inflected auxiliary
and infinitive
29
2.2.4
Two/three-word structures
29
2.2.5
Two-word structures: infinitive and inflected form of same verb
30
2.2.6
Structure of the single inflected verb
31
2.3
Discussion and exemplification
32
2.3.1
Pre-initial
32
2.3.2
Initial
33
2.3.3
Post-initial
34
2.3.4
Formative
34
2.3.5
Limitative
35
2.3.6
Infix
36
2.3.7
Radical
=
root
36
2.3.8
Suffix/extension
37
2.3.9
Pre-final
37
2.3.10
Final/final vowel
37
2.3.11
Post-final and clause-final
39
2.4
Suggested modifications of the single inflected structure
40
2.4.1
Modification of the structure and terminology in
2.2
and
2.3 40
2.4.2
More than one inflected structure?
40
2.5
Hierarchical verb structure
41
2.6
Common verbal categories, and how and where they are encoded
42
2.6.1
Aspect
43
2.6.2
Conditional
43
2.6.3
Directionals
43
2.6.4
Focus
43
2.6.5
Imperative
44
2.6.6
Mood
44
2.6.7
Negation
44
2.6.8
Object (pronouns)
44
Contents
vii
2.6.9 Relativization 44
2.6.10
Subject
(pronouns)
45
2.6.11
Taxis
45
2.6.12
Tense
46
2.6.13
Valency changing (derivational) extensions
46
2.7
Non-inflection: compound constructions, clitics, and particles
46
2.8
Structures in the northwest (Forest) languages
47
2.9
Other changes from the canonical structure
50
2.9.1
Pidgins, Creoles, vehicular languages, contact languages,
and the like
50
2.9.2
Renewing structures and categories
53
2.10
Why the structure in
2.2.6/2.5
is as it is
61
2.10.1
The inherited structure: Niger-Congo SP
AUX
OP V Other
62
2.10.2
Innovations: from SP
AUX
OP V to Meeussen
65
2.10.3
The logic of today s structure
72
2.10.4
Summary of
2.10 78
3
Tense
80
3.1
Tense
80
3.2
Grammaticalized expression
80
3.2.1
Past tenses
82
3.2.2
Future tenses
85
3.3
Location in time
87
3.4
Multiple degrees of location in time
88
3.5
The time limits for multiple pasts and futures
90
3.6
A problem of interpretation: anterior
(=
perfect) versus
near past
94
3.7
Innovation: expanded tense systems
99
3.7.1
Immediate past, immediate future
99
3.7.2
Other expanded systems
100
3.8
Innovation: reduced tense systems, externally influenced
systems
102
3.8.1
Languages with fewer tense contrasts
102
3.8.2
Externally influenced systems:
DIO,
D20, D30 in
the northeastern DRC
105
3.9
Possible internal innovations, interesting patterns
107
3.9.1
Multiple past distinctions indicated by length or tone
distinctions involving -a-
107
3.9.2
The Zone
С
pattern
113
3.9.3
The Sukuma pattern
114
3.10
Present tense : what is it?
115
3.11
Forms not marked for tense, null forms
117
viii Contents
3.12
Relative
tenses
120
3.12.1
A real relative tense, the narrative
120
3.12.2
Other relative tenses?
123
3.13
Tense combinations
124
3.14
Northwest Bantu and Grassfields Bantu
124
4
Aspect
128
4.1
Aspect
128
4.2
Internal temporal constituency
129
4.3
Grammaticalized expression
131
4.4
Perfective
134
4.5
Imperfective
136
4.6
Progressive
139
4.7
Habitual
143
4.8
*kl
145
4.8.1
Persistive
fei 145
4.8.2 Situative fei 148
4.9
Reduplication and imperfective
150
4.10
Pluractional
153
4.11
Anterior
154
4.11.1
Two
anteriore?
160
4.11.2
Similar or related categories
161
4.11.3
Change of meaning affecting anteriors becoming presents
or futures
163
4.12
Minor categories (aspect or tense)
165
4.13
The expression of the combination of tense and aspect
167
4.14
Combinations of tenses
176
4.15
Conclusions
177
5
Other categories
179
5.1
Which other categories, and why
179
5.2
Negation
179
5.2.1
Previous work
179
5.2.2
Morphology: the morphemes and structures involved
in negation
180
5.2.3
Major patterns of co-occurrence of negative strategies
184
5.2.4
Meanings and functions of the major negative patterns
187
5.2.5
Minor patterns of co-occurrence of negative strategies
190
5.2.6
Negative imperatives
191
5.2.7
Morphological scope of the two negatives
193
5.2.8
Origin of the negatives
194
5.2.9
No longer and not yet
196
5.2.10
Compound negatives
200
Contents ix
5.3
Focus:
verbal
morphology, tone, function
202
5.3.1
What is focus?
202
5.3.2
How focus is represented
202
5.3.3
Metatony
204
5.3.4
Tense marker plus focus, binary contrast: conjunctive versus
disjunctive focus
205
5.3.5
Three-way contrast: neutral versus verb versus post-verbal
focus
206
5.3.6
Verb-initial
ni-:
verb focus, progressive (and present?)
207
5.3.7
Recycling: verb focus to progressive to general present to
non-past
209
5.3.8
Focus and tone
210
5.3.9
Other strategies
212
5.3.10
The non-past tense marker /-a-/, a recycled focus marker?
212
5.3.11
Conclusions
214
5.4
Pronominal objects
214
5.4.1
Three types of pronominal object marking
215
5.4.2
Geographical distribution of the three types
216
5.4.3
The three types in more detail
218
5.4.4
Possible common origin of the three types
223
5.4.5
Conclusions
224
6
What can be assumed for Proto-Bantu?
226
6.1
Preliminaries
226
6.1.1
Historical background
226
6.1.2
Linguistic reconstruction
228
6.2
Prestem
morphemes
231
6.2.1
Pre-SM
231
6.2.2
SM
233
6.2.3
NEG2:NEGi versus NEG2 in Proto-Bantu?
234
6.2.4
TA
235
6.2.5
ОМ
257
6.3
Radical
=
root
258
6.4
Post-radical morphemes
259
6.4.1
Extension
259
6.4.2
Final vowel
260
6.4.3
Post-final *-Vn(V) plural imperative
(?) 276
6.5
Synchronie
combination patterns of tense and aspect, and
combinations and categories assumable for
Proto- or
early Bantu
277
7
Processes of change
284
7.1
Change
284
7.2
Typological change
285
χ
Contents
7.2.1 The original
Niger-Congo
aspect
system added tense in Bantu
285
7.2.2
The original
Niger-Congo analytic structure became synthetic
in Bantu
286
7.2.3
SVO>SOV
286
7.3
Grammatical change
286
7.3.1
New aspectual
suffixal
inflection in Bantu
286
7.3.2
Compensation for phonological and morphological attrition
in the northwest
286
7.3.3
Independent (non-verbal) item
>
clitic
>
affix
(>
TA)
287
7.3.4
Independent non-verbal item
>
enclitic
>
suffix
289
7.3.5
Auxiliary verb
+
main verb
291
7.4
Categorial
change
293
7.4.1
Sources of presents and imperfective aspects
293
7.4.2
Sources of futures
296
7.4.3
Sources of
anteriore
and pasts
300
Definitions
308
Bibliography
319
Source ^guage reference index
371
Index
381
|
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| discipline | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| edition | 1. publ. |
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| physical | xviii, 401 p. ill., maps 26 cm |
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| spelling | Nurse, Derek Verfasser aut Tense and aspect in Bantu Derek Nurse 1. publ. Oxford Oxford University Press 2008 xviii, 401 p. ill., maps 26 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (p. [317]-369) and indexes Bantu languages Tense Bantu languages Aspect Bantusprachen (DE-588)4112668-3 gnd rswk-swf Aspekt Linguistik (DE-588)4068892-6 gnd rswk-swf Tempus (DE-588)4059446-4 gnd rswk-swf Bantusprachen (DE-588)4112668-3 s Tempus (DE-588)4059446-4 s DE-604 Aspekt Linguistik (DE-588)4068892-6 s http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/2008001088-b.html Contributor biographical information http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/2008001088-d.html Publisher description Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018622015&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Nurse, Derek Tense and aspect in Bantu Bantu languages Tense Bantu languages Aspect Bantusprachen (DE-588)4112668-3 gnd Aspekt Linguistik (DE-588)4068892-6 gnd Tempus (DE-588)4059446-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4112668-3 (DE-588)4068892-6 (DE-588)4059446-4 |
| title | Tense and aspect in Bantu |
| title_auth | Tense and aspect in Bantu |
| title_exact_search | Tense and aspect in Bantu |
| title_full | Tense and aspect in Bantu Derek Nurse |
| title_fullStr | Tense and aspect in Bantu Derek Nurse |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tense and aspect in Bantu Derek Nurse |
| title_short | Tense and aspect in Bantu |
| title_sort | tense and aspect in bantu |
| topic | Bantu languages Tense Bantu languages Aspect Bantusprachen (DE-588)4112668-3 gnd Aspekt Linguistik (DE-588)4068892-6 gnd Tempus (DE-588)4059446-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bantu languages Tense Bantu languages Aspect Bantusprachen Aspekt Linguistik Tempus |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/2008001088-b.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0907/2008001088-d.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018622015&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nursederek tenseandaspectinbantu |