Causality and modern science:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New Brunswick [u.a.]
Transaction Publ.
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 4., rev. ed., with a new indrod. and postscript by the author |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXIV, 417 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1412808243 9781412808248 |
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| 250 | |a 4., rev. ed., with a new indrod. and postscript by the author | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New Brunswick [u.a.] |b Transaction Publ. |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XXXIV, 417 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018006485 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804140009248260096 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
to the Transaction Edition
xv
Preface to the Third Edition
xix
Preface to the Second Edition
xxix
Preface to the First Edition
xxx
Acknowledgments
xxxiii
PART I
A CLARIFICATION OF MEANING
i. Causation and Determination, Causalism and
Determinism
1.1. Causation, Causal Principle, and Causal Deter¬
minism
3
1.1.1. The Threefold Meaning of the Word Cau¬
sality
1.1.
2.
Causation: A Purely Epistemological Cate¬
gory of Relation, or an Ontological Category?
1.2.
Toward a General Concept of Determination
6
ι
.2.
ι
.
Two Meanings of
Determination
:
Property,
and Constant Connection
1.2.2.
Constant Unique Connections Need Not Be
Causal
1.2.3.
A Third Meaning of Determination : Way
of Becoming
1.2.4.
Chance: Alien to Determinism?
1.2.5.
The Quantum Theory: A Restriction on
Determinism or on Causality?
1.3.
The Spectrum of Categories of Determination
17
1.4.
Connections Among Different Types of Determina¬
tion
19
1.5.
The Essential Components of All Types of Deter-
minacy: Productivity and Lawfulness
22
1.5.1.
The Principle of Lawfulness or Orderliness
1.5.2.
The Genetic Principle
1.5.3.
The Principle of Determinacy
VI Contents
1.6.
Causation and Determination: Main Views
26
1.7.
Conclusions 29
2.
Formulations of the Causal Principle
2.1.
Definitions of Cause 31
2.1.1.
The Aristotelian Teaching of Causes
2.1.2.
Galileo s Definition of Cause
2.2.
General Features of any Formulation of the Causal
Principle
35
2.3.
The Constant-Conjunction Formula of Causation
37
2.4.
Criticism of the Constant-Conjunction Formula of
Causation
4°
2.4.1.
The Uniqueness of the Causal Bond: Neg¬
lected in the Previous Formula
2.4.2.
The Efficacy of Causation: Denied by the
Humean
Doctrine of Causation
2.4.3.
Inadequacy of the Constant-Conjunction
Formula
2.5.
Causation as Necessary (Constant and Unique)
Production
46
2.6.
Supposed Further Refinements of the Necessary-
Production Formula of Causation
48
2.7.
Retrospect and Conclusion
52
PART II
WHAT CAUSAL DETERMINISM DOES NOT ASSERT
3.
An Examination of the Empiricist Critique of
Causality
3.1.
Does Causality Involve Contiguity
? 58
З-і.і.
Contiguity: An Essential Component of
Causation According to Humeans
Contenis
vii
3.1.2.
Contiguity: A Hypothesis Inconsistent with
Empiricism
3.1.3.
Explicit Definitions of Causation Do Not
Involve Contiguity
3.2.
Does Causality Involve Antecedence?
62
3.2.1.
Causality Is Consistent with Instantaneous
Links
3.2.2.
The Principle of Retarded Action in Special
Relativity
3.3.
Is Causation Identical with Invariable Succession in
Time?
68
3.3.1.
The Interpretation of Causal Process as Suc¬
cession of States
3.3.2.
The Interpretation of Causation as Predictive
Ability
3.3.3.
Descriptions of Change as Sequence of States
Need Not Be Causal
3.4.
Is Causation Mirrored by Differential Equations?
74
3.4.1.
Differential Equations as Mirror Images of
Uniform Sequences
:
A Confusion of Dimen¬
sions of Language
3.4.2.
Noncausal Laws Formulated with the Help of
Differential Equations
3.4.3.
Integral Equations and Teleology
3.4.4.
The Empirical Test of Differential Equations
and the Question of the True Elementary
Laws of Nature
3.5.
Summary and Conclusions
86
4.
An Examination of the Romantic Critique of
Causality
4.1.
Should Causation Be Replaced by Interdependence
? 91
4.1.1.
The Functional View of Causation
4.1.2.
Criticism of the Functional View of Causation
4.1.3.
Strange Features of the Functional View of
Causation
vin
Contents
4.2.
Causality and Universal Interconnection: The Block
Universe and Chance
98
4.3.
Is Causality Fatalistic?
101
4.3.1.
The Other-Worldliness of Fatalism
4.3.2.
The Lawlessness of Fatalism
4.3.3.
The Interference of Causes Defeats Fate
4.3.4.
Are Historical Events Inevitable
?
4.4.
Is Causality Mechanistic
—
And is Mechanics Al¬
together Causal
? 107
4.4.1.
Mechanics Restricts Causes to Forces
4.4.2.
Self-Movement in Mechanics: Inertia
4.4.3.
Causation in the Laws of Motion of Aristotle,
Newton, and Einstein
4.4.4.
Action-Reaction, and Inner Stress
4.5.
Summary and Conclusions
115
PART III
WHAT CAUSAL DETERMINISM DOES ASSERT
5.
The Linearity of Causation
5.1.
Is Multiple Causation Strictly Causal?
119
5.1.1.
Simple and Multiple Causation
5.1.2.
Conjunctive Plurality of Causes
:
Reducible to
Simple Causation
5.1.3.
Disjunctive Plurality of Causes: Genuine
Multiple Causation
5.1.4.
Multiple Causation Is Not Strictly Casual
5.2.
Causality Involves Artificial Isolation
125
5.2.1.
The Universal Chaining
5.2.2.
Isolation: Fictitious
5.2.3.
Isolation: A Methodological Requirement
5.2.4.
Paradoxes of Isolation
5.2.5.
Causal Chains
:
A First Approximation
Contents
їх
5.3.
Causality Requires Either a First Cause or Infinite
Regress
134
5.3.1.
The Two Alternatives
5.3.2.
Evaluation of Infinite Causal Regress
5.4.
Causality Involves Continuity of Action
137
5.4.1.
Ground and Consequences of Continuity of
Action
5.4.2.
An Argument Against the Continuity of
Causation
5.4.3.
Criticism of Hypothesis of Universal Validity
of Law of Continuity
5.4.4.
Continuity: A Hypothesis with a Wide but
Limited Range of Validity
5.5.
Summary and Conclusions
146
6.
The Unidirectionality of Causation
6.1.
Causality Neglects the Response
148
6.1.1.
Asymmetry of Actio and
Passio:
Essential for
Causality
.2.
Reciprocal Action in Physics
.3.
Force as One of the Poles of Interaction
.4.
Causality and Feedback
.5.
Interaction in the Social Field
.6.
Interaction in the Theory of Knowledge
.7.
The Relation of the Category of Causation to
That of Interaction
.8.
Exaggerations of Interactionism
.9.
Does Dialectics Require the Subsumption of
Causation Under Interaction?
6.2.
Causality Involves the Superposition of Causes
165
6.2.1.
Summative Character of Causes: Necessary
for Causalism
6.2.2.
Nonlinearity as Illustration of
Nonadditive
Connection
x
Contents
6.2.3.
Randomness as Further Illustration of Non-
additivity of Causal
Faeton
6.3.
Summary and Conclusions l7°
7.
The Externality of Causation
7.1.
Causality: Restricted to Extrinsic Determination
173
7.1.1.
Efficient Causes: External by Definition
7.1.2.
The Peripatetic Principle
Omne
quod moveiur
ab alio movetur
7.1.3.
Causal Determinism Opposes Self-Movement
7.1.4.
The Doctrine of Self-Movement
7.1.5.
External Causes Combine with Inner Condi¬
tions
7.1.6.
Freedom: Is It Restricted to the Ethical
Domain
?
7.2.
Does Man Make Himself?
183
7.2.1.
Anthropological Environmentalism
7.2.2.
Externalism in Sociopolitical History
7.2.3.
The Doctrine of Borrowing in the History of
Ideas
7.2.4.
Man, the Self-Domesticated Animal
7.3.
Causality Requires the Persistent Maintenance of
the Cause to Secure the Continuance of Process
190
7.3.1.
The Peripatetic Maxim Causa
cessante
cessât
effectus
7.3.2.
Instances of Self-Sustained Processes
7.4.
Summary and Conclusions
194
8.
Causality and Novelty
8.1.
Causalism Entails the Scholastic Dichotomy Sub¬
stance-Attribute
j
gS
8.1.1.
The Impact of Causalism on the Theory of
the Substance-Attribute Relation
8.1.2.
Contingency of Attributes in
Hegelianism
and
Positivism
8.1.3.
Beyond Causalism and Accidentalism
Contents
χι
8.2.
Causality Renders Genuine Novelty Impossible
203
8.2.1.
The Principle Causa aequat effectum
8.2.2.
Archaic Origins of Belief in Immutability
8.2.3.
Conservative Evolution: From Thomism to
Mechanism
8.2.4.
Qualitative Immutability and Causation in
Kantianism
8.2.5.
General Lawfulness Accounts for the Novelty
Excluded by Causalism
8.2.6.
Positive Features of the
Invariance
Asserted
by Causality
8.3.
Summary and Conclusions
217
PART IV
THE FUNCTION OF THE CAUSAL PRINCIPLE IN
SCIENCE
9.
Causality and Rational Knowledge
9.1.
Is Causality Characteristic of Modern Science?
224
9.2.
Cause and Reason
226
9.3.
Causation and the Principle of Sufficient Reason
229
9.4.
Limits of the Principle of Sufficient Reason in Con¬
nection with Theoretical Systems
232
9.4.1.
Should Everything Be Rationalized?
9.4.2.
The Principle of Insufficient Reason
9.5.
Limits of the Principle of Sufficient Reason in Con¬
nection with Matters of Fact
236
9.6.
On the Formalization of Causal Statements
239
9.6.1.
Logical Equivalents, or Logical Correlates of
the Causal Connection?
9.6.2.
Causation and Implication (Material, Strict,
and Causal)
;
the Relational Approach
9.7.
Recapitulation and Conclusions
245
хп
Contents
io.
Causality and Scientific Law
io.
i. Law and Law Statement 248
10.2.
The Traditional Identification of Causality and
Lawfulness 252
10.3.
Some Noncausal Types of Scientific Law
255
10.3.1.
Taxonomical and Morphological Laws
10.3.2.
Kinematical Laws
10.3.3.
Further Noncausal Laws: Statistical Laws,
Principles of Relativity, and Quantum
Prohibitions
10.4.
Causality and Lawfulness in the Sociohistorical
Sciences
262
10.4.1.
Are Sociology and History Scientific Disci¬
plines
?
10.4.2.
The Uniqueness of Historical Events
10.4.3.
The Lawfulness of Historical Processes
10.4.4.
Obstacles to Disclosure of Historical Laws
10.4.5.
Noncausal Features of Sociohistorical
Events
10.4.6.
Scientific Exactness: Not Exhausted by
Numerical Accuracy
10.4.7.
The Defense of Scientific Method in the
Sociohistorical Sciences
10.5.
Conclusions
280
11.
Causality and Scientific Explanation
і і. і.
Is Science Explanatory
? 282
11.2.
Some Aspects of the Problem of Scientific Explana¬
tion
11.
a.
1.
Conditions for an Explanation to Be
Scientific
11.2.2.
The Logical Structure and Epistemological
Meaning of Scientific Explanation
Contents
xiii
1
1.2.3.
The Ontological Basis of Scientific Ex¬
planation. Explanation of Facts and
Explanation of Laws
11.3.
Explanations That Can Be Causal
295
11.4.
Noncausal Explanations
298
11.5.
Conclusions
305
12.
Causality and Scientific Prediction
і
2.1.
Nature and Functions of Scientific Prediction
307
12.1.1.
Nature of Prediction According to Law
12.1.2.
Predictive Nomological Statements: A
Third Level of Meaning of
Law
12.1.3.
Functions of Scientific Prediction
12.2.
Kinds of Prediction
312
12.3.
Statistical Prediction
315
12.3.1.
Insufficiency of Prediction of Individual
Events
12.3.2.
The Statistical Predictions of the Sciences
of Man
12.3.3.
Are Statistical Predictions Less Complete
Than Others?
12.4.
Degrees of Certainty in Prediction
320
12.4.1.
Uncertainty with Causal Laws and Quasi
Certainty with Statistical Laws
12.4.2.
Almost Necessary Truths of Fact
12.4.3.
Grounds for the Failure of Specific Pre¬
dictions
12.5.
Should Causality be Defined in Terms of Pre¬
dictability?
326
12.5.1.
The
Positivist
Criterion of Causality
12.5.2.
Uncertainty and Causality in Quantum
Mechanics
xrv Contents
12.5.3.
Uncertainty and Indeterminacy. Is Onto-
logical Determinism Inconsistent with
Epistemologieal Probabilism?
12.6.
Conclusions
33°
13.
The Place of the Causal Principle in Modern
Science
і
3.1.
Causality: Neither Myth nor Panacea
333
13.2.
The Domain of Causal Determinacy
335
13.2.1.
Conditions of Applicability of Causal
Hypotheses
13.2.2.
Range of Validity of the Causal Principle
13.3.
Delimitation of the Causal Range of a Particular
Law
338
13.3.1.
Statement of the Problem
13.3.2.
First Stage of the Process: Cycle of Deter¬
minants
Ι3·3·3·
Second Stage of the Process: Causal Nexus
13.3.4.
Third Stage of the Process: Self-Determina-
tion
13.4.
Any Causality Tomorrow?
345
13.4.1.
A Verbal Trap into Which Philosophers of
Verb Have Fallen
13.4.2.
How Quantum Mechanics Finally Dis¬
appointed Acausalists
13-5·
General Conclusions
351
Postscript
354
Appendix
277
Bibliography
-20 -,
Index 402
|
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| dewey-hundreds | 100 - Philosophy & psychology |
| dewey-ones | 122 - Causation |
| dewey-raw | 122 |
| dewey-search | 122 |
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| dewey-tens | 120 - Epistemology, causation, humankind |
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| id | DE-604.BV035729871 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:53:09Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1412808243 9781412808248 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXXIV, 417 S. graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Bunge, Mario 1919-2020 Verfasser (DE-588)119060973 aut Causality and modern science Mario Bunge 4., rev. ed., with a new indrod. and postscript by the author New Brunswick [u.a.] Transaction Publ. 2009 XXXIV, 417 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kausalität (DE-588)4030102-3 gnd rswk-swf Kausalität (DE-588)4030102-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018006485&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bunge, Mario 1919-2020 Causality and modern science Kausalität (DE-588)4030102-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4030102-3 |
| title | Causality and modern science |
| title_auth | Causality and modern science |
| title_exact_search | Causality and modern science |
| title_full | Causality and modern science Mario Bunge |
| title_fullStr | Causality and modern science Mario Bunge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Causality and modern science Mario Bunge |
| title_short | Causality and modern science |
| title_sort | causality and modern science |
| topic | Kausalität (DE-588)4030102-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kausalität |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018006485&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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