Imaging of osteoarthritis:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pa.
Saunders
2009
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Radiologic clinics of North America
47,4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII S., S. 539 - 782 zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. 27 cm |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Radiologic clinics of North America |v 47,4 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Osteoarthritis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Osteoarthritis / Imaging | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Osteoarthritis | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Osteoarthritis |x radiography | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804139921338793984 |
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| adam_text | Titel: Imaging of osteoarthritis
Autor: Guermazi, Ali
Jahr: 2009
Contents
Preface xiii
Ali Guermazi
Insights from Imaging on the Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis 539
David J. Hunter
This article highlights recent studies, particularly those with an emphasis on MR im¬
aging, that are providing unique insights into the relation between structures identi¬
fied on imaging and symptoms and disease genesis. It is becoming increasingly
apparent that the subchondral bone, periosteum, periarticular ligaments, periarticu-
lar muscle spasm, synovium, and joint capsule are all richly innervated and are the
likely source of nociception in osteoarthritis. It is also apparent that local tissue alter¬
ations in the bone and meniscus and alignment of the lower extremity are important
in terms of disease genesis. This article represents the literature in that much of the
focus and understanding is knee centric with less focus on the hip and hand.
Role of Alignment and Biomechanics in Osteoarthritis and Implications for Imaging 553
DavidJ. Hunterand David R.Wilson
Osteoarthritis is widely believed to result from local mechanical factors acting within
the context of systemic susceptibility. This article delineates current understanding
of the etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis and more specifically examines the critical
role of biomechanics in disease pathogenesis. There are several ways that mechan¬
ical forces across the joint can be measured, including many that rely heavily on im¬
aging methods. These are described and methods to advance the field are
proposed.
Radiographic-Based Grading Methods and Radiographic Measurement of Joint Space
Width in Osteoarthritis 567
Marie-Pierre Hellio Le Graverand, Steve Mazzuca, Jeff Duryea, and Alan Brett
Accurate and highly reproducible measurements of the rate of progression of oste¬
oarthritis is crucial to assessing structural change, and requires adherence to exact¬
ing standards of positioning, which include specifications for flexion and rotation of
the joint, and angulation of the x-ray beam. The progression of osteoarthritis tradi¬
tionally has been measured using radiographic joint space width (JSW). Over the
past two decades, numerous knee radiographic protocols have been developed
with various levels of complexity and performance as they relate to detecting JSW
loss (ie, joint space narrowing). Semiautomated software has been developed to
improve the accuracy of JSW measurement over manual methods. JSW measure¬
ments include minimum JSW, mean JSW or joint space area and JSW at fixed
locations.
Ultrasonography in Osteoarthritis 581
Helen I. Keen and Philip G. Conaghan
This article outlines the benefits of imaging osteoarthritis with ultrasonography and
some of the limitations. Pathologic structures able to be identified in osteoarthritis
with ultrasonography are reviewed, with a focus on the validity of the technique.
Common ultrasonographic abnormalities seen in osteoarthritis in specific joint re¬
gions are discussed. Finally, future research agendas are considered. With improv¬
ing technology, accessibility of ultrasonography, increasing evidence regarding the
validity, and use of ultrasonography in osteoarthritis mean that ultrasonography is
likely increasingly used in the clinical trial setting and routine clinical practice to
aid the diagnosis and management of osteoarthritis.
CT Arthrography, MR Arthrography, PET, and Scintigraphy in Osteoarthritis 595
Patrick Omoumi, Gustavo A. Mercier, Frederic Lecouvet, Paolo Simoni,
and Bruno C.Vande Berg
CT arthrography and MR arthrography are accurate methods for the study of surface
cartilage lesions and cartilage loss. They also provide information on subchondral
bone and marrow changes, and ligaments and meniscal lesions that can be associ¬
ated with osteoarthritis. Nuclear medicine also offers new insights in the assessment
of the disease. This article discusses the strengths and limitations of CT arthrogra¬
phy and MR arthrography. It also highlights nuclear medicine methods that may be
relevant to the study of osteoarthritis in research and clinical practice.
MR Imaging in Osteoarthritis: Hardware, Coils, and Sequences 617
Thomas M. Link
Whole-organ assessment of a joint with osteoarthritis (OA) requires tailored MR
imaging hardware and imaging protocols to diagnose and monitor degenerative
disease of the cartilage, menisci, bone marrow, ligaments, and tendons. Image qual¬
ity benefits from increased field strength, and 3.0-T MR imaging is used increasingly
for assessing joints with OA. Dedicated surface coils are required for best visualiza¬
tion of joints affected by OA, and the use of multichannel phased-array coils with
parallel imaging improves image quality and/or shortens acquisition times. Se¬
quences that best show morphologic abnormalities of the whole joint include inter¬
mediate-weighted fast-spin echo sequences. Also quantitative sequences have
been developed to assess cartilage volume and thickness and to analyze cartilage
biochemical composition.
MR Imaging-Based Semiquantitative Assessment in Osteoarthritis 633
FrankW. Roemerand AN Guermazi
Whole-organ semiquantitative (SQ) assessment by expert readers has become
a powerful research tool in understanding the natural history of osteoarthritis (OA).
SQ morphologic scoring has been applied to observational large cross-sectional
and longitudinal epidemiologic studies in addition to interventional clinical trials. In
comparison to quantitative and biochemical assessment of cartilage, SQ whole-or¬
gan scoring also analyzes additional joint structures that are potentially relevant as
surrogate outcome measures for interventional approaches. Resources needed for
SQ scoring rely on the MR imaging protocol, image quality, experience of the expert
readers, method of documentation, and individual scoring system that is applied.
This article discusses the different available OA whole-organ scoring systems,
focusing on MR imaging of the knee, and also reviews alternative approaches.
Quantitative MR Imaging of Cartilage andTrabecular Bone in Osteoarthritis 655
Felix Eckstein, Ali Guermazi, and FrankW. Roemer
Whereas the strength of scoring systems in osteoarthritis (OA) lies in detecting local
changes, involving small parts of the structures of interest (ie, cartilage lesions),
quantitative measures are powerful where minute changes occur homogeneously
throughout large structures. Cartilage measurements at 1.5 or 3 Tesla are technically
accurate, reproducible, and sensitive to change. The rate of change in knee OA was
found to be 1 % to 2% annually. Risk factors of cartilage loss include a high BMI, me-
niscal pathology, malalignment, advanced radiographic OA, bone marrow alter¬
ations, and focal cartilage lesions. MRI of articular tissues represents a potent tool
in experimental, epidemiological and pharmacological intervention studies; how¬
ever, it is only with the availability of disease modifying drugs that it will play a rele¬
vant role in clinical practice.
Measures of Molecular Composition and Structure in Osteoarthritis 67S
Deborah Burstein, Martha Gray, Tim Mosher, and Bernard Dardzinski
Osteoarthritis involves ongoing degradative and healing processes that occur at the
molecular level in multiple tissues in the joint in response to a number of biochemical
and mechanical factors. Understanding these dynamic processes before they affect
the structural aspects of the joint motivates the need for metrics to better visualize
the compositional and structural molecular aspects of the tissues in vivo. As re¬
viewed here, most of the work to date in this regard has been focused on magnetic
resonance imaging approaches for interrogating molecular features of cartilage, in¬
cluding T2 mapping, T1 rho mapping, delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic reso¬
nance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC), and sodium imaging. Specific examples
illustrate new opportunities and insights emerging from these methods.
MR Imaging of Intra- and Periarticular Soft Tissues and Subchondral Bone in Knee
Osteoarthritis 687
Michel D. Crema, FrankW. Roemer, Monica D. Marra, and Ali Guermazi
Osteoarthritis of the knee has to be considered a disease of the whole joint. Mag¬
netic resonance imaging allows superior assessment of all joint tissues that may
be involved in the disease process, such as the subchondral bone, synovium, liga¬
ments, and periarticular soft tissues. Reliable MR imaging-based scoring systems
are available to assess and quantify these structures and associated pathology.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluation has enabled us to understand their rel¬
evance in explaining pain and structural progression.
The Role of the Meniscus in Knee Osteoarthritis: a Cause or Consequence? 703
Martin Englund, Ali Guermazi, and Stefan L. Lohmander
The menisci play a critical protective role for the knee joint through shock absorption
and load distribution. Asymptomatic meniscal tears are common and are frequent
incidental findings on knee MR imaging of the middle-aged or older patient. A me¬
niscal tear can lead to knee osteoarthritis (OA), but knee OA can also lead to a spon¬
taneous meniscal tear through breakdown and weakening of meniscal structure.
A degenerative meniscal lesion in the middle-aged or older patient could suggest
early stage knee OA and should be treated accordingly. Surgical resection of non-
obstructive degenerate lesions may only remove evidence of the disorder while
the OA and associated symptoms proceeds.
MR Imaging of Hip Osteoarthritis and Implications for Surgery 713
Tallal C. Mamisch, Christoph Zilkens, Klaus A. Siebenrock, Bernd Bittersohl,
Young-Jo Kim, and StefanWerlen
Osteoarthritis of the hip joint is caused by a combination of intrinsic factors and
extrinsic factors. Different surgical techniques are being performed to delay or halt
osteoarthritis. Success of salvage procedures of the hip depends on the existing
cartilage and joint damage before surgery; the likelihood of therapy failure rises
with advanced osteoarthritis. For imaging of intra-articular hip pathology, MR imag¬
ing represents the best technique because of its ability to directly visualize cartilage,
superior soft tissue contrast, and the prospect of multidimensional imaging. This
article gives an overview on the standard MR imaging techniques used for diagnosis
of hip osteoarthritis and their implications for surgery.
Osteoarthritis of the Wrist and Hand, and Spine 723
Antoine Feydy, Etienne Pluot, Henri Guerini, and Jean-Luc Drape
Although osteoarthritis (OA) of the wrist and fingers is routinely diagnosed using plain
film, a thorough assessment of cartilage injuries using CT-arthrography, MR imag¬
ing, or MR-arthrography remains necessary before any surgical procedure. MR
imaging is ideally suited for delineating the presence, extent, and complications of
degenerative spinal disease, including OA of the spine involving the disc space, ver¬
tebral endplates, facet joints, or supportive and surrounding soft tissues. Other
imaging modalities such as CT, dynamic radiography, myelography, and discogra-
phy may provide complimentary information in selected cases. This article focuses
on imaging of OA of the wrist and hand and the lumbar spine, with an emphasis on
current MR imaging grading systems available for the assessment of discovertebral
lesions.
Imaging in Pre- and Post-operative Assessment in Joint Preserving and Replacing Surgery 761
Adnan Sheikh and Mark Schweitzer
Within the recent years, advances in imaging technology have increased its applica¬
bility to diagnose musculoskeletal disease. The modification of imaging techniques
and improved image quality has led to increased use of computed tomography and
magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of postoperative complications
related to orthopedic procedures. This article discusses the indications, pre- and
post-operative imaging findings and post-operative complications of knee and hip
arthoplasty, articular cartilage repair and high tibial osteotomy.
Index 777
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| spelling | Imaging of osteoarthritis guest ed. Ali Guermazi Philadelphia, Pa. Saunders 2009 XVII S., S. 539 - 782 zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. 27 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Radiologic clinics of North America 47,4 Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis / Imaging Osteoarthritis Imaging Osteoarthritis radiography Osteoarthritis radionuclide imaging Guermazi, Ali 1963- Sonstige (DE-588)128563230 oth Radiologic clinics of North America 47,4 (DE-604)BV000003369 47,4 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017990592&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Imaging of osteoarthritis Radiologic clinics of North America Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis / Imaging Osteoarthritis Imaging Osteoarthritis radiography Osteoarthritis radionuclide imaging |
| title | Imaging of osteoarthritis |
| title_auth | Imaging of osteoarthritis |
| title_exact_search | Imaging of osteoarthritis |
| title_full | Imaging of osteoarthritis guest ed. Ali Guermazi |
| title_fullStr | Imaging of osteoarthritis guest ed. Ali Guermazi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imaging of osteoarthritis guest ed. Ali Guermazi |
| title_short | Imaging of osteoarthritis |
| title_sort | imaging of osteoarthritis |
| topic | Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis / Imaging Osteoarthritis Imaging Osteoarthritis radiography Osteoarthritis radionuclide imaging |
| topic_facet | Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis / Imaging Osteoarthritis Imaging Osteoarthritis radiography Osteoarthritis radionuclide imaging |
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