Remote sensing of glaciers: techniques for topographic, spatial and thematic mapping of glaciers
Gespeichert in:
Format: | Buch |
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Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Boca Raton [u.a.]
CRC Press
2010
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Schriftenreihe: | A Balkema book
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XXV, 330 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
ISBN: | 9780415401661 |
Internformat
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a Remote sensing of glaciers |b techniques for topographic, spatial and thematic mapping of glaciers |c Petri Pellikka, W. Gareth Rees [eds.] |
264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton [u.a.] |b CRC Press |c 2010 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Titel: Remote sensing of glaciers
Autor: Pellikka, Petri
Jahr: 2010
Contents
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Author biography xvii
Preface: Remote sensing of glaciers - glaciological research
using remote sensing xix
Abbreviations xxiii
I Principles of remote sensing I
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Electromagnetic radiation 2
1.3 What properties of EMR can be measured? 3
1.4 Resolution 5
1.4.1 Spatial resolution 5
1.4.2 Spectral resolution 7
1.4.3 Radiometric resolution 7
1.4.4 Temporal resolution 8
1.5 How are electromagnetic measurements converted into
information about glaciers? 9
1.6 Passive remote sensing systems 9
1.6.1 Aerial photography 10
1.6.2 Visible/near infrared scanners 10
1.6.3 Thermal infrared scanners 14
vi Contents
1.7 Active remote sensing systems 15
1.7.1 Laser scanner (LiDAR) 15
1.7.2 Ground-penetrating radar 15
1.7.3 Synthetic Aperture Radar 16
1.8 How are data obtained? What do they cost? 19
The formation and dynamics of glaciers 21
2.1 Introduction: How do glaciers form? 21
2.2 The climate of today s glacier environment 21
2.3 Accumulation and the formation of ice 25
2.4 Energy balance and ablation 26
2.5 Mass balance: Definitions and key parameters 27
2.6 Ice flow 28
2.7 Methods of mass balance determination 33
2.7.1 The geodetic method 33
2.7.2 The direct glaciological method 34
2.7.3 The dynamic (balance) velocity method 35
2.7.4 The hydrological method 36
2.8 Debris cover and moraines 36
2.9 Conclusions 37
Glacier parameters monitored using remote sensing 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Glaciers in the world 41
3.3 Reflectance and albedo 43
3.4 Surface temperature and surface melting 45
3.5 Glacier zones and mass balance 48
3.5.1 Glacier zones 48
3.5.2 Glacier mass balance 51
Contents vii
3.6 Glacier area 55
3.7 Glacier topography 56
3.8 Bed topography and glacier volume 59
3.9 Glacier velocity 60
3.10 Summary 62
4 The early history of remote sensing of glaciers 67
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 Early glacier observations 67
4.3 The scientific approach 70
4.3.1 Glacier mapping from point observations 71
4.4 The dawn of photogrammetry 72
4.5 The golden age of terrestrial glacier mapping 75
4.6 The aerial perspective and the step into a new age 77
5 Physics of glacier remote sensing 81
5.1 Introduction 81
5.2 Glacier ice and snow 82
5.2.1 Formation of glaciers 82
5.2.2 Glacier surface layer: snow 84
5.2.3 Glacier surface layer: ice 88
5.2.4 Glacier flow 89
5.3 Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with ice and snow 90
5.3.1 General 90
5.3.2 Optical and near infrared signals 91
5.3.3 Thermal infrared signals 93
5.3.4 Microwave signals 94
5.4 Potential uses for remote sensing of glaciers 95
viii Contents
Terrestrial photogrammetry in glacier studies 99
6.1 The early days of terrestrial photogrammetry 101
6.2 The new era or digital terrestrial photogrammetry 102
6.3 Glacier DEMs from terrestrial close-range
photographs: Case study of Hintereisferner 104
6.3.1 The glacier surface as an object for terrestrial photography 104
6.3.2 The setting and equipment 106
6.3.3 Orientations and DEM production 108
6.3.4 Digital elevation models generated from
terrestrial photogrammetry 109
6.4 Prospects for terrestrial photogrammetry 110
7 Aerial photogrammetry in glacier studies 115
7.1 Introduction 115
7.2 Interpretation and mapping 116
7.3 Generation of digital terrain models 117
7.3.1 Analogue and analytical photogrammetry 117
7.3.2 Digital photogrammetry of frame imagery 118
7.3.3 Digital photogrammetry of airborne pushbroom imagery 120
7.4 Errors of photogrammetric DEMs 121
7.4.1 General 121
7.4.2 Case study 122
7.4.3 Error detection and DEM evaluation 123
7.5 Vertical DEM differences 124
7.6 Lateral terrain displacements 127
7.6.1 Analogue and analytical photogrammetry 127
7.6.2 Digital image matching 127
7.7 Conclusions 131
Contents ix
8 Optical remote sensing of glacier extent 137
8.1 Spectral properties 137
8.2 Glacier mapping and satellite sensor characteristics 140
8.3 Glacier mapping 145
8.3.1 Threshold ratio images 146
8.3.2 Manual corrections 149
8.4 Conclusions 149
9 SAR imaging of glaciers 153
9.1 Introduction 153
9.2 SAR image formation 154
9.3 SAR interferometry 157
9.3.1 InSAR for DEM generation 157
9.3.2 InSAR for surface displacement measurement 157
9.3.3 Error contributions in InSAR observed
surface displacements 160
9.3.4 Phase noise estimation 161
9.3.5 Decorrelation sources 162
9.4 SAR backscatter from snow and ice 162
9.4.1 Backscatter modelling 164
9.4.2 First order solution 165
9.5 SAR glacier flow velocity measurements 166
9.5.1 InSAR velocity 166
9.5.2 Feature tracking velocity 167
9.5.3 Speckle/coherence tracking velocity 169
9.5.4 SAR glacier velocity summary 169
9.6 SAR glacier DEM 169
9.7 SAR glacier facies detection 171
9.8 Summary 174
x Contents
10 Airborne laser scanning in glacier studies 179
10.1 Measurement principles and resulting data sets 179
10.2 Previous use of airborne laser scanning in glaciological studies 182
10.3 The airborne laser scanner data sets in the OMEGA project 184
10.4 Application of airborne laser scanning data in glacier studies 186
10.4.1 Surface elevation change 186
10.4.2 Derivation of glacier velocities 187
10.4.3 Surface roughness values as input for energy
balance modelling 188
10.4.4 Glacier surface classification 188
10.4.5 Automatic glacier delineation and crevasse detection 190
10.5 Conclusions 190
11 Ground-penetrating radar in glaciological applications 195
11.1 Introduction 195
11.2 Radio-wave propagation in glacier ice 195
11.3 Radar systems 198
11.3.1 An overview of radar systems used in glaciology 198
11.3.2 Radar system elements 200
11.3.3 Detection and resolution 202
11.4 Operating radars on glaciers 203
11.5 Processing techniques 207
11.6 Internal structure and ice properties 209
11.6.1 Internal layering 209
11.6.2 Density, water content, hydrological aspects 213
11.6.3 Crevasses 216
11.6.4 Englacial channels 216
11.7 Basal properties 216
11.7.1 Ice thickness and bedrock topography 218
11.7.2 Conditions at the glacier bed 218
Contents xi
11.8 Estimating ice volume and bed topography from
ice thickness data 218
11.8.1 Procedure for constructing glacier surface,
ice thickness and bed topography maps and for
estimating ice volume 220
11.9 Error in ice thickness 220
11.9.1 Vertical resolution of radar data 221
11.9.2 Error in thickness due to error in RWV 221
11.9.3 Error in thickness associated with lack of migration 223
11.9.4 Surface interpolation error 224
11.10 Error estimates for ice volume and bed topography computations 224
12 Detection and visualization of glacier area changes 231
12.1 Introduction 231
12.2 Simple image overlay 231
12.3 Orthorectification of satellite images 233
12.4 GIS-based calculations 235
12.5 Visualisation of glacier change 238
12.6 Recent glacier changes in the Alps 239
13 Detection of distortions in digital elevation models:
simultaneous data acquisition at Hintereisferner glacier 245
13.1 Introduction 245
13.2 Related work 246
13.3 Simultaneous data acquisition 248
13.4 Methods 250
13.4.1 Correction of differences in georeferencing 250
13.4.2 Detection of distortions 251
13.5 Results 252
13.5.1 Accuracy against ground truth data 252
xii Contents
13.5.2 Uncertainties due to different reference
coordinate systems 256
13.5.3 Mean and RMS differences in elevation between DEMs 258
13.5.4 Distortions 261
13.6 Conclusions 266
14 Accuracy aspects in topographical change
detection of glacier surface 269
14.1 Introduction 269
14.2 Previous research 269
14.3 Methods for detecting and measuring changes 270
14.3.1 Change in elevation 270
14.3.2 Change in volume 273
14.4 Case studies 275
14.4.1 Aerial photography and laser scanner DEMs
over Svartisheibreen 275
14.4.2 Sequence of laser scanner DEMs over Hintereisferner 278
14.5 Conclusions 282
15 The role of remote sensing in worldwide
glacier monitoring 285
15.1 Introduction 285
15.2 The global hierarchical observing strategy 285
15.3 The role of remote sensing 288
15.4 Global Land Ice Measurements from Space
project and other projects 291
16 Conclusions 297
Copyrights for figures 301
Authors 303
Reviewers 307
Subject index 309
Colour plates 315
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dewey-ones | 551 - Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
dewey-raw | 551.312 |
dewey-search | 551.312 |
dewey-sort | 3551.312 |
dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie Geographie |
format | Book |
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spelling | Remote sensing of glaciers techniques for topographic, spatial and thematic mapping of glaciers Petri Pellikka, W. Gareth Rees [eds.] Boca Raton [u.a.] CRC Press 2010 XXV, 330 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier A Balkema book Glaciers / Remote sensing Glaciers Remote sensing Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd rswk-swf Gletscher (DE-588)4137668-7 gnd rswk-swf Fernerkundung (DE-588)4016796-3 gnd rswk-swf Messung (DE-588)4038852-9 gnd rswk-swf Gletscher (DE-588)4137668-7 s Fernerkundung (DE-588)4016796-3 s DE-604 Messung (DE-588)4038852-9 s Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 s Pellikka, Petri Sonstige oth Rees, Gareth 1959- Sonstige (DE-588)128503270 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-203-85130-2 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017760654&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Remote sensing of glaciers techniques for topographic, spatial and thematic mapping of glaciers Glaciers / Remote sensing Glaciers Remote sensing Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd Gletscher (DE-588)4137668-7 gnd Fernerkundung (DE-588)4016796-3 gnd Messung (DE-588)4038852-9 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4164199-1 (DE-588)4137668-7 (DE-588)4016796-3 (DE-588)4038852-9 |
title | Remote sensing of glaciers techniques for topographic, spatial and thematic mapping of glaciers |
title_auth | Remote sensing of glaciers techniques for topographic, spatial and thematic mapping of glaciers |
title_exact_search | Remote sensing of glaciers techniques for topographic, spatial and thematic mapping of glaciers |
title_full | Remote sensing of glaciers techniques for topographic, spatial and thematic mapping of glaciers Petri Pellikka, W. Gareth Rees [eds.] |
title_fullStr | Remote sensing of glaciers techniques for topographic, spatial and thematic mapping of glaciers Petri Pellikka, W. Gareth Rees [eds.] |
title_full_unstemmed | Remote sensing of glaciers techniques for topographic, spatial and thematic mapping of glaciers Petri Pellikka, W. Gareth Rees [eds.] |
title_short | Remote sensing of glaciers |
title_sort | remote sensing of glaciers techniques for topographic spatial and thematic mapping of glaciers |
title_sub | techniques for topographic, spatial and thematic mapping of glaciers |
topic | Glaciers / Remote sensing Glaciers Remote sensing Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd Gletscher (DE-588)4137668-7 gnd Fernerkundung (DE-588)4016796-3 gnd Messung (DE-588)4038852-9 gnd |
topic_facet | Glaciers / Remote sensing Glaciers Remote sensing Klimaänderung Gletscher Fernerkundung Messung |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017760654&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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