Pre-modern European economy: one thousand years (10th - 19th centuries)
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden [u.a.]
Brill
2009
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Global economic history series
5 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index Population -- Energy -- Agriculture -- Trade -- Industry -- Output -- Demand -- Pre-modern economies |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 422 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789004178229 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pre-modern European economy |b one thousand years (10th - 19th centuries) |c by Paolo Malanima |
| 264 | 1 | |a Leiden [u.a.] |b Brill |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 422 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |c 25 cm | ||
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| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Global economic history series |v 5 | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 500 | |a Population -- Energy -- Agriculture -- Trade -- Industry -- Output -- Demand -- Pre-modern economies | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 900-1900 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Agriculture / Economic aspects / Europe / History | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Economische ontwikkeling |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Europa |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Sozialgeschichte |2 stw | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Wirtschaftsgeschichte |2 stw | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Landwirtschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Agriculture |x Economic aspects |z Europe |x History | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wirtschaftsentwicklung |0 (DE-588)4066438-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Europe / Economic conditions | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Europa (geografie) |2 gtt | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Europa | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Europe |x Economic conditions | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804139415180673024 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Pre-modern European economy
Autor: Malanima, Paolo
Jahr: 2009
CONTENTS
List of Figures and Tables vii
Introduction xv
Acknowledgements xix
Chapter I. Population 1
1. World population 1
2. The European population 6
3. The demographic model 17
4. The death rate 21
5. The birth rate 31
6. The demographic transition 36
7. Conclusion 46
Chapter II. Energy 49
1. Energy Systems -. 49
2. Fuel 56
3. Animals 65
4. Water and wind 70
5. Climate and biomass 78
6. The energy transition 84
7. Conclusion 92
Chapter III. Agriculture 95
1. Men and lands 95
2. Three agricultural ecosystems 100
3. Peasant economies 107
4. The village and the manor 116
5. Land productivity and labour productivity 129
6. Conclusion 156
Chapter IV. Trade 159
1. Seas 159
2. Rivers, roads, fairs, markets 176
3. Innovations in exchange 193
4. Conclusion 200
Vi CONTENTS
Chapter V. Industry 201
1. Types of industry 201
2. From South to North 208
3. Industrial technology and Organisation 225
4. Urbanisation 239
5. Conclusion 253
Chapter VI. Output 255
1. Prices and incomes in agriculture 255
2. Wages and productivity in industry 267
3. GDP 273
4. Conclusion 291
Chapter VII. Demand 293
1. Consumption 293
2. Investment 320
3. Public expense 333
4. Conclusion 346
Chapter VIII. Pre-modern economies 349
1. Past and present economies 349
2. A model of an agrarian economy 353
3. Distribution 367
4. A dualistic economy 370
5. The mature agrarian economy 378
Bibüography 383
Index 417
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figures
Chapter I
Fig. 1. World Population (from 1 million years ago
until2000) 2
Fig. 2. European Population 1-2000 7
Fig. 3. Population of China, Europe, India 800-2000 11
Fig. 4. Yearly rates of growth 1500-1870 and densities
in 1500 13
Fig. 5. Population density in 1500 Europe 15
Fig. 6. The spread of Black Death in Europe from 1347 on 28
Fig. 7. Death- and birth-rates in Europe (1750-2000) 37
Fig. 8. Death Rates in Sweden and Finland (1750-1900) 40
Fig. 9. Death Rates in Italy and England (1650-1870) 41
Fig. 10. Mortality Crises in England (1550-1850) 43
Chapter II
Fig. 1. Cycles of demographic growth in the last 1 million
years 51
Fig. 2. Estimate of the extent of forests in Europe
(1000-1800) 58
Fig. 3. Prices of charcoal in England and firewood in North
Italy (1550-1840) 60
Fig. 4. Coal consumption in England Wales 1560-1900 62
Fig. 5. The reaming of a cannon through a waterwheel in
a 17th Century print 64
Fig. 6. Three kinds of harnesses for horses 67
Fig. 7. The spread of fulling mills in Europe 73
Fig. 8. The ancient Persian Mills 76
Fig. 9. Northern Hemisphere Temperatures (200-2000) 80
Fig. 10. Temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere from
1000 until 2000 81
Fig. 11. Temperatures in northern Hemisphere 1400-1900 83
Fig. 12. Estimate of per c. energy consumption in England
and The Netherlands 1550-1800 89
viü LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Fig. 13. Per capita energy Consumption in Europe
1800-1900 91
Fig. 14. Energy consumption (England-Wales and Italy)
1700-2000 92
Chapter III
Fig. 1. The advancement of agriculture from the Near
East towards northern Europe 98
Fig. 2. Agricultural lands in the World today 99
Fig. 3. Agricultural lands in the World in 1500 99
Fig. 4. Three-field rotation in the village of Limbach, East
of the Rhine Valley (19th Century) 105
Fig. 5. Wheat Prices in Tuscany 1250-1860 (% deviations
from the trend) 114
Fig. 6. Wheat Prices in England 1250-1860 (% deviations
from the trend) 115
Fig. 7. Open fields in Spoy, Cote d Or, canton Is-sur-Tille
(endofthe 18th Century) 119
Fig. 8. Open fields in the village of Weisbach (Franconia,
18th Century) 119
Fig. 9. Utility and cost on the peasant farm 142
Fig. 10. Simple symmetrical and asymmetrical plough 146
Fig. 11. Wheelplough 147
Fig. 12. Output per ha and Output per Worker
(Italy CN 1300-1870) 150
Fig. 13. Land productivity and agricultural labour productivity
in Holland (1510-1810) 150
Fig. 14. Labour Productivity in Italy, United Kingdom,
France 1300-1910 152
Chapter IV
Fig. 1. Europe and China: seas and lands 160
Fig. 2. Ships through the Sound (1497-1657) 164
Fig. 3. Commodities from western and eastern Europe in
the 16th and 17th centuries 165
Fig. 4. World trade relationships in 1500 166
Fig. 5. World trade relationships in 1775 167
Fig. 6. Centres of silver production in 16th Century southern
America 168
Fig. 7. Import ofgold and silver in Europe (1500-1600) 169
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ix
Fig. 8. The World flow of precious metals in the 16th and
17th centuries 171
Fig. 9. Prices and the volume of exchange by two diverse
economies 178
Fig. 10. The ways through Asia 184
Fig. 11. The fairs in 18th Century France 186
Fig. 12. Wheat prices in Pisa and Udine 1500-1821 191
Fig. 13. Wheat prices (coefficient of Variation) in Europe
1750-1914 193
Fig. 14. Latemedieval ships (llth-13th c.) 194
Chapter V
Fig. 1. The Organisation of the putting out System in the
wool industry 206
Fig. 2. Textile industries in the Muslim Mediterranean
(lOth-llth centuries) 209
Fig. 3. North-European centres of wool production in the
12th Century 212
Fig. 4. The centres of the woollen industry in the
13th Century 213
Fig. 5. The metallurgy in 16th-17th centuries Europe 217
Fig. 6. Developed and peripheral areas of Europe in the early
Modern age 220
Fig. 7. Exports of woollen cloths from England 1450-1650 224
Fig. 8. Combination of costs and product in pre-modern
and modern industry 226
Fig. 9. The horizontal loom 230
Fig. 10. Water mill for silk throwing (18th Century) 231
Fig. 11. Hydraulic pumps in 16th Century German mines 233
Fig. 12. A water mill for the production of paper in 16th
Century Italy 236
Fig. 13. Urbanisation rates in Europe in 1800 243
Fig. 14. European urbanisation 1300-1870 248
Chapter VI
Fig. 1. Wheat Prices in Tuscany and England from 1250 to
1860 256
Fig. 2. Price Indices in Italy and England (1285-1860) 260
Fig. 3. Price indices in Central and Northern Italy, Paris,
Antwerp, Krakow in 1270-1900 261
X LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Fig. 4. Price Index in Europe 1500-1850 262
Fig. 5. Real agricultural wages in Italy 1320-1913 264
Fig. 6. Real agricultural wages in England 1300-1870 264
Fig. 7. Land rent in England (1450-1825) 265
Fig. 8. Building real wages in England 1300-1860 269
Fig. 9. Building real wages in central and northern Italy
1300-1913 269
Fig. 10. Real wages in the building sector in the Netherlands
1470-1860 (1530-40 = 100) 270
Fig. 11. Real wages in the building industry in Istanbul
1480-1900 270
Fig. 12. Building Real Wages Indices for Italy and England
1300-1913 272
Fig. 13. Trend of the European real wage-rates 1500-1850 274
Fig. 14. Building real wages and population in Europe
1500-1850 275
Fig. 15. Per capita GDP in western Europe 1820-2000 275
Fig. 16. Per c. GDP in Europe 1000-1900 287
Fig. 17. GDP in Europe 1000-1900 287
Fig. 18. Per capita GDP in Italy CN 1300-1913 290
Chapter VII
Fig. 1. Expenses of a mason s family in Antwerp 1596-1600 294
Fig. 2. Expenses of a mason s family in Berlin 1800 295
Fig. 3. Slaughtering in a town in medieval Germany 298
Fig. 4. Yearly meat consumption per head in some European
regions (15th-19th centuries) 299
Fig. 5. Herring fishing and main fishing areas in Europe
(17th and 18th centuries) 303
Fig. 6. The European cereals in an 18th Century print 304
Fig. 7. Daily cereal or bread per capita consumption
in grams per day in some European cities and countries
(14th-20th centuries) 305
Fig. 8. Indices of agricultural and industrial prices in England
from 1660 until 1820 315
Fig. 9. Being rieh in medieval Germany 316
Fig. 10. The relationship inequality-per capita produet
aecording to Kuznets 325
Fig. 11. A Renaissance investment. A Tuscan villa
(by Giusto Utens) 331
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Xi
Chapter VIII
Fig. 1. Production function 357
Fig. 2. The intensive production function 359
Fig. 3. The production function: the general framework 361
Fig. 4. The production function: the late Middle Ages 364
Fig. 5. The production function: the 18th and early
19th centuries 366
Fig. 6. Production function and distribution 368
Fig. 7. A two-sectors economy: growth 373
Fig. 8. A two-sector economy 376
Tables
Chapter I
Table 1. World population from 1 million years ago until
2000 AD 2
Table 2. Two different estimates of world population at the
birth of Christ 4
Table 3. Distribution of world population per continent 4
Table 4. European population (with all Russia) as to the world
population 5
Table 5. European population (without Russia) 1-2000 7
Table 6. The European population 1300-1870 9
Table 7. Population in China and India from 800 to 1900 10
Table 8. The population of Mediterranean countries, central
and northern Europe in the 6th and llth centuries and
variations 12
Table 9. The European population from 1500 to 1800 13
Table 10. Demographic density in Europe (inhabitants per
km2) in 1300-1870 and yearly rates of growth between
1500 and 1800 16
Table 11. Arable land, population with respect to arable land
and arables with respect to population in Japan, China,
India and Europe in 1600 17
Table 12. Global population changes 1700-1950 38
Table 13. Infant death rate in some European countries from
1700 to 1820 39
XÜ LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Chapter II
Table 1. Fuel prices in some European cities during the 18th
Century 59
Table 2. Production, consumption and exportation of coal in
the United Kingdom from 1500 to 1869 62
Table 3. Estimate, of the availability of power per capita from
hydraulic energy, between 1200 and 1800 in Europe 74
Table 4. Estimates of the carrying capacity of the European
merchant fleets from 1470 to 1780 compared with
demographic movement 78
Table 5. Energy consumption per capita in Europe 1750 c 86
Table 6. Composition of energy consumption in 1850 Sweden,
the Netherlands, Italy and Spain 87
Table 7. Per capita energy consumption in six European
countries in 1800 88
Chapter III
Table 1. Yield per hectare of rice, maize and wheat in
16th Century agriculture 103
Table 2. Average yields for wheat, rye and barley in 16th
Century Europe 138
Table 3. Average yield ratios of wheat, rye, barley and oats
1500-1750 in Europe 139
Table 4. Average yield ratios of wheat, rye, barley and oats
1500-1750 139
Table 5. Average yields of wheat, rye and barley in 1800
Europe 140
Table 6. Percentage growth or decline of agricultural labour
productivity between 1500 and 1800 149
Table 7. Indices of gross agricultural product, per capita
product and population between 1300 and 1800 153
Table 8. Agricultural product per capita in England, Germany,
Spain, Italy, France, Poland, Belgium, the Netherlands,
Austria from 1300 until 1800 155
Chapter IV
Table 1. Carrying capacity of World shipping (in tons) and
index 1470-1850 176
Table 2. Transport costs in pre-modern economies and at the
start of modernisation 181
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES XÜi
Table 3. Correlation of wheat and rye prices between some
European cities in 1500-1700 192
Table 4. Weight of the Florentine lira, English pound,
Dutch guilder and Turkish akce from 1300 to 1800 198
Chapter V
Table 1. Hours required for the manufacturing of woollen
cloth in the XIII and XVII centuries 229
Table 2. Iron production in Europe 1000-1970 234
Table 3. Urbanisation rate in 1800 242
Table 4. Urbanisation in Europe from 1300 to 1850 244
Table 5. Number of cities, urban inhabitants and urbanisation
rates in European centres with more than 10,000 inhabitants
between 1300 and 1870 245
Table 6. European increase in urbanisation rates between 1500
andl800 by size categoiy 247
Table 7. Urban population per region from 1300 until 1870 251
Chapter VI
Table 1. Prices of non-agricultural products in
central-northern (CN) Italy and textiles in the Netherlands
from 1450 to 1810 258
Table 2. Prices of cereals, luxury textiles and ordinary textiles
in Poland from 1500 to 1800 259
Table 3. The European price trend 1500-1850 (index) 262
Table 4. The rent-wage ratio of 1500-1800 in some European
regions 265
Table 5. Real wage rates in the building sector in some
European cities 1500-1900 271
Table 6. The European trend of real wage rates 1500-1850 274
Table 7. Three series of western European per capita
GDP 1500-1820 by: 1. A. Maddison; 2. J.L. Van Zanden;
3. C. Alvarez Nogal-L. Prados De La Escosura 277
Table 8. Per capita agricultural Output in England, the
Netherlands, Spain, Italy, France, Germany from 1300 until
1800 and the European average 279
Table 9. Variation between 1500 and 1800 of the European
per capita GDP according to different assumptions on the
weight of agricultural Output in gross GDP 281
Table 10. Estimates of per capita and aggregate GDP in
Europe 1500-1870 283
XIV LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Table 11. Per capita Output in England, The Netherlands,
Spain, Italy, France, and Germany from 1500 until 1870
and index numbers 1500 = 1 289
Table 12. Rates of increase or decrease of GDP per capita
between 1500 and 1800 in Maddison, Van Zanden, Alvarez
Nogal-Prados de la Escosura and the present
reconstruction 290
Chapter VII
Table 1. Height of soldiers in several European countries
from 1740 to 1840 310
Table 2. The employment of the gross product in early
Modern Europe and the EU in 2000 347
|
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| era | Geschichte 900-1900 gnd |
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| geographic | Europe / Economic conditions Europa (geografie) gtt Europa Europe Economic conditions Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europe / Economic conditions Europa (geografie) Europa Europe Economic conditions |
| id | DE-604.BV035699670 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:43:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789004178229 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017753626 |
| oclc_num | 387763868 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-824 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-B220 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-824 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-B220 |
| physical | XVII, 422 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 25 cm |
| psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Brill |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Global economic history series |
| series2 | Global economic history series |
| spelling | Malanima, Paolo 1950- Verfasser (DE-588)14214228X aut Pre-modern European economy one thousand years (10th - 19th centuries) by Paolo Malanima Leiden [u.a.] Brill 2009 XVII, 422 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Global economic history series 5 Includes bibliographical references and index Population -- Energy -- Agriculture -- Trade -- Industry -- Output -- Demand -- Pre-modern economies Geschichte 900-1900 gnd rswk-swf Agriculture / Economic aspects / Europe / History Economische ontwikkeling gtt Europa stw Sozialgeschichte stw Wirtschaftsgeschichte stw Geschichte Landwirtschaft Wirtschaft Wirtschaftsentwicklung Agriculture Economic aspects Europe History Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd rswk-swf Europe / Economic conditions Europa (geografie) gtt Europa Europe Economic conditions Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd rswk-swf Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 g Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 s Geschichte 900-1900 z DE-604 Global economic history series 5 (DE-604)BV035545705 5 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017753626&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Malanima, Paolo 1950- Pre-modern European economy one thousand years (10th - 19th centuries) Global economic history series Agriculture / Economic aspects / Europe / History Economische ontwikkeling gtt Europa stw Sozialgeschichte stw Wirtschaftsgeschichte stw Geschichte Landwirtschaft Wirtschaft Wirtschaftsentwicklung Agriculture Economic aspects Europe History Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066438-7 (DE-588)4015701-5 |
| title | Pre-modern European economy one thousand years (10th - 19th centuries) |
| title_auth | Pre-modern European economy one thousand years (10th - 19th centuries) |
| title_exact_search | Pre-modern European economy one thousand years (10th - 19th centuries) |
| title_full | Pre-modern European economy one thousand years (10th - 19th centuries) by Paolo Malanima |
| title_fullStr | Pre-modern European economy one thousand years (10th - 19th centuries) by Paolo Malanima |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pre-modern European economy one thousand years (10th - 19th centuries) by Paolo Malanima |
| title_short | Pre-modern European economy |
| title_sort | pre modern european economy one thousand years 10th 19th centuries |
| title_sub | one thousand years (10th - 19th centuries) |
| topic | Agriculture / Economic aspects / Europe / History Economische ontwikkeling gtt Europa stw Sozialgeschichte stw Wirtschaftsgeschichte stw Geschichte Landwirtschaft Wirtschaft Wirtschaftsentwicklung Agriculture Economic aspects Europe History Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Agriculture / Economic aspects / Europe / History Economische ontwikkeling Europa Sozialgeschichte Wirtschaftsgeschichte Geschichte Landwirtschaft Wirtschaft Wirtschaftsentwicklung Agriculture Economic aspects Europe History Europe / Economic conditions Europa (geografie) Europe Economic conditions |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017753626&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV035545705 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT malanimapaolo premoderneuropeaneconomyonethousandyears10th19thcenturies |