Computer ethics: analyzing information technology
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Upper Saddle River, NJ
Pearson Education Internat.
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed., internat. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VIII, 200 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780131230224 0131230220 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS
Preface vi
Acknowledgments
viii
About the Authors
viii
Chapter
1
Introduction to Sociotechnical Computer Ethics
1
Chapter Outline
1
Scenarios
2
1.1
A Virtual Rape
2 · 1.2
Surprises About Social Networking
3 · 1.3
RFID and
Caring for the Elderly
4
Introduction: Why Computer Ethics?
5
The Standard Account
7
New Possibilities, a Vacuum of Policies, Conceptual Muddles
7 ·
An Update to
the Standard Account
10
The Sociotechnical Systems Perspective
13
Reject Technological Determinism/Think Coshaping
13 ·
Reject Technology as
Material Objects/Think Sociotechnical Systems
15 ·
Reject Technology as
Neutral/Think Technology Infused with Value
17
Sociotechnical Computer Ethics
18
Micro- and Macro-Level Analysis
21
Return to the "Why Computer Ethics?" Question
21
Conclusion
22 ·
Study Questions
23
Chapter
2
Ethics and Information Technology
24
Chapter Outline
24
Introduction: "Doing" Ethics
25
Descriptive/Normative
26 ·
The Dialectic Method
28 ·
"Ethics is Relative"
32
Ethical Theories and Concepts
35
Utilitarianism
35 ·
Intrinsic and Instrumental Value
36 ·
Acts versus Rules
38
•
Critique of Utilitarianism
39 ·
Case Illustration
41 ·
Deontological
Theory
42 ·
Case Illustration
44 ·
Rights
46 ·
Rights and Social Contract
Theory
47 ·
Virtue Ethics
48 ·
Analogical Reasoning in Computer Ethics
49
Conclusion
51 ·
Study Questions
51
Chapter
3
Ethics in IT-Configured Societies
53
Chapter Outline
53
Scenarios
54
3.1
Google in China: "Don't Be Evil"
54 · 3.2
Turing Doesn't Need to Know
55
• 3.3
Turnitin Dot Com
55
Introduction: IT-Configured Societies
55
Technology as the Instrumentation of Human Action
56
Cyborgs, Robots, and Humans
58
iii
iv Contents
Three
Features
of IT-Configured Activities
60
Global, Many-to-Many
Scope
61 ·
Distinctive Identity Conditions
62
•
Reproducibility
65
IT-Configured Domains of Life
66
Virtuality, Avatars, and Role-Playing Games
66 ·
Friendship and Social
Networking
68 ·
Education and Plagiarism Detection
70
Democracy and the Internet
72
What Is Democracy?
73 ·
The Arguments
74 ·
Is the Internet a Democratic
Technology?
76
Conclusion
79 ·
Study Questions
79
Chapter
4
Information Flow, Privacy, and Surveillance
81
Chapter Outline
81
Scenarios
82
4.1
Email Privacy and Advertising
82 · 4.2
Workplace Spying: The
Lidi
Case
82
• 4.3
Data Mining and e-Business
83
Introduction: Information Flow With and Without
Information Technology
84
Why Care About Privacy?
86
"No Need to Worry"
87 ·
The Importance of Privacy
90
«Privacy as
an Individual Good
90 ·
Privacy as Contextual Integrity
93 ·
Privacy as
a Social Good Essential for Democracy
95 ·
Autonomy, Democracy, and the
Panoptic Gaze
96 ·
Data Mining, Social Sorting, and Discrimination
98
•
Crude Categories
100 ·
Summary of the Arguments for Privacy and Against
Surveillance
101
Is Privacy Over? Strategies for Shaping Personal
Information Flow
101
Fair Information Practices
102
»Transparency
104 ·
Opt-In versus Opt-Out
104 ·
Design and Computer Professionals
105 ·
Personal Steps for All IT Users
106 ·
A Note on Privacy and Globalization
107
Conclusion
107·
Study Questions
108
Chapter
5
Digital Intellectual Property
109
Chapter Outline
109
Scenarios
110
5.1
Obtaining Pirated Software Abroad
110 · 5.2
Free Software that Follows
Proprietary Software
110 · 5.3
Using Public Domain Software in Proprietary
Software
111
Introduction: The Complexities of Digital Property
111
Definitions
112·
Setting the Stage
113
Protecting Property Rights in Software
114
Copyright
114
«Trade Secrecy
118 ·
Patent Protection
119
Free and Open Source Software
122
The Philosophical Basis of Property
124
Natural Rights Arguments
124 ·
Critique of the Natural Rights Argument
125
•
A Natural Rights Argument Against Software Ownership
127
PS Versus
FOSS
128
Is it Wrong to Copy Proprietary Software?
129
Contents
Breaking Rules, No Rules, and New Rules
Conclusion
135 ·
Study Questions
136
133
Chapter
6
Digital Order
137
Chapter Outline
137
Scenarios
137
6.1BotRoast
137· 6.2
Wiki Warfare
138 · 6.3
Yahoo and Nazi Memorabilia
139
Introduction: Law and Order on the Internet
140
Sociotechnical Order
142
Online Crime
143
Hackers and the Hacker Ethic
145
Sociotechnical Security
150
Who Is to Blame in Security Breaches?
152 ·
Trade-Offs in Security
153
Wikipedia: A New Order of Knowledge Production
154
Freedom of Expression and Censorship
156
John Stuart Mill and Freedom of Expression
157
Conclusion
160 »
Study Questions
161
Chapter
7
Professional Ethics in Computing
162
Chapter Outline
162
Scenarios
163
7.1
Software Safety
163 · 7.2
Security in a Custom Database
164
• 7.3
Conflict of Interest
164
Introduction: Why Professional Ethics?
165
Therac-25 and Malfunction
54 165
The Paradigm of Professions
167
Characteristics of Professions
168
Sorting Out Computing and its Status as a Profession
171
Mastery of Knowledge
171 ·
Formal Organization
172
»Autonomy
173
«Codes
of Ethics
174 ·
The Culture of Computing
175
Software Engineering
176
Professional Relationships
178
Employer-Employee
178 ·
Client-Professional
180
»Other
Stakeholders-Professional
182 ·
Professional-Professional
183 ·
Conflicting
Responsibilities
184
A Legal Perspective on Professionalism in Computing
185
Licensing
185
»Selling Software
186 ·
Selling-Buying and the Categorical
Imperative
187
»Torts
188 ·
Negligence
188
A Final Look at the State of the Profession
190
190 ·
Efficacy, Public Trust, and the Social
Guns-for-Hire or Professionals
Contract
191
Conclusion
192
Study Questions
193
Websites
195
References
196
Index
198 |
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| author | Johnson, Deborah G. 1945- Miller, Keith W. |
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| discipline | Philosophie |
| edition | 4. ed., internat. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Johnson, Deborah G. 1945- Verfasser (DE-588)136906850 aut Computer ethics analyzing information technology Deborah G. Johnson ; Keith W. Miller 4. ed., internat. ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education Internat. 2009 VIII, 200 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Computer (DE-588)4070083-5 gnd rswk-swf Sozialverträglichkeit (DE-588)4124224-5 gnd rswk-swf Angewandte Ethik (DE-588)4307007-3 gnd rswk-swf Informationsethik (DE-588)4803303-0 gnd rswk-swf Computer (DE-588)4070083-5 s Sozialverträglichkeit (DE-588)4124224-5 s DE-604 Informationsethik (DE-588)4803303-0 s Angewandte Ethik (DE-588)4307007-3 s Miller, Keith W. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017753262&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Johnson, Deborah G. 1945- Miller, Keith W. Computer ethics analyzing information technology Computer (DE-588)4070083-5 gnd Sozialverträglichkeit (DE-588)4124224-5 gnd Angewandte Ethik (DE-588)4307007-3 gnd Informationsethik (DE-588)4803303-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4070083-5 (DE-588)4124224-5 (DE-588)4307007-3 (DE-588)4803303-0 |
| title | Computer ethics analyzing information technology |
| title_auth | Computer ethics analyzing information technology |
| title_exact_search | Computer ethics analyzing information technology |
| title_full | Computer ethics analyzing information technology Deborah G. Johnson ; Keith W. Miller |
| title_fullStr | Computer ethics analyzing information technology Deborah G. Johnson ; Keith W. Miller |
| title_full_unstemmed | Computer ethics analyzing information technology Deborah G. Johnson ; Keith W. Miller |
| title_short | Computer ethics |
| title_sort | computer ethics analyzing information technology |
| title_sub | analyzing information technology |
| topic | Computer (DE-588)4070083-5 gnd Sozialverträglichkeit (DE-588)4124224-5 gnd Angewandte Ethik (DE-588)4307007-3 gnd Informationsethik (DE-588)4803303-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Computer Sozialverträglichkeit Angewandte Ethik Informationsethik |
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