Electric power transmission system engineering analysis and design:
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.]
CRC Press
2009
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| Edition: | 2. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXIII, 852 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9781439802540 1439802548 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Electric power transmission system engineering analysis and design |c Turan Gönen |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] |b CRC Press |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 852 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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| adam_text | ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
SECOND EDITION TURAN GOENEN C CRC PRESS TAYLOR & FRANCIS GRO BOCA RATON
LONDON NEW YORK J TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP CRC PRESS IS AN IMPRINT OF THE
TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, AN INFORMA BUSINESS CONTENTS PREFACE XIX
ACKNOWLEDGMENT XXI AUTHOR XXIII SECTION I ELECTRICAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 1 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PLANNING 3 1.1 INTRODUCTION 3 1.2 AGING
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM 3 1.3 BENEFITS OF TRANSMISSION 4 1.4 POWER POOLS 6
1.5 TRANSMISSION PLANNING 8 1.6 TRADITIONAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PLANNING
TECHNIQUES 8 1.7 MODELS USED IN TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PLANNING 11 1.8
TRANSMISSION ROUTE IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION 11 1.9 TRADITIONAL
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM EXPANSION PLANNING 11 1.9.1 HEURISTIC MODELS 12
1.9.2 SINGLE-STAGE OPTIMIZATION MODELS 13 1.9.2.1 LINEAR PROGRAMMING
(LP) 13 1.9.2.2 INTEGER PROGRAMMING 14 1.9.2.3 GRADIENT SEARCH METHOD 15
1.9.3 TIME-PHASED OPTIMIZATION MODELS 15 1.10 TRADITIONAL CONCERNS FOR
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PLANNING 16 1.10.1 PLANNING TOOLS 16 1.10.2 SYSTEMS
APPROACH 17 1.10.3 DATABASE CONCEPT 17 1.11 NEW TECHNICAL CHALLENGES 18
1.12 TRANSMISSION PLANNING AFTER OPEN ACCESS 21 1.13 POSSIBLE FUTURE
ACTIONS BY FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION 22 CHAPTER 2
TRANSMISSION LINE STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT 27 2.1 INTRODUCTION 27 2.2
THE DECISION PROCESS TO BUILD A TRANSMISSION LINE 27 2.3 DESIGN
TRADEOFFS 29 2.4 TRADITIONAL LINE DESIGN PRACTICE 30 2.4.1 FACTORS
AFFECTING STRUCTURE TYPE SELECTION 31 2.4.2 IMPROVED DESIGN APPROACHES
31 2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TRANSMISSION LINES 33 2.5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS 33 2.5.2 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC FIELDS 33 2.5.3
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELDS 34 IX X CONTENTS 2.6 TRANSMISSION
LINE STRUCTURES 35 2.6.1 COMPACT TRANSMISSION LINES 35 2.6.2
CONVENTIONAL TRANSMISSION LINES 38 2.6.3 THE DESIGN OF LINE SUPPORT
STRUCTURES 38 2.7 SUBTRANSMISSION LINES 40 2.7.1 SUBTRANSMISSION LINE
COSTS 42 2.8 TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS 43 2.8.1 ADDITIONAL SUBSTATION
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 48 2.8.2 SUBSTATION COMPONENTS 49 2.8.3 BUS AND
SWITCHING CONFIGURATIONS 50 2.8.4 SUBSTATION BUSES 51 2.8.4.1 OPEN-BUS
SCHEME 54 2.8.4.2 INVERTED-BUS SCHEME 55 2.9 SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE (SF 6
)-INSULATED SUBSTATIONS 56 2.10 TRANSMISSION LINE CONDUCTORS 56 2.10.1
CONDUCTOR CONSIDERATIONS 56 2.10.2 CONDUCTOR TYPES 58 2.10.3 CONDUCTOR
SIZE 59 2.10.3.1 VOLTAGE DROP CONSIDERATIONS 60 2.10.3.2 THERMAL
CAPACITY CONSIDERATIONS 60 2.10.3.3 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 62 2.10.4
OVERHEAD GROUND WIRES (OHGW) 62 2.10.5 CONDUCTOR TENSION 62 2.11
INSULATORS 63 2.11.1 TYPES OF INSULATORS 63 2.11.2 TESTING OF INSULATORS
64 2.11.3 VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION OVER A STRING OF SUSPENSION INSULATORS 66
2.11.4 INSULATOR FLASHOVER DUE TO CONTAMINATION 70 2.11.5 INSULATOR
FLASHOVER ON OVERHEAD HIGH-VOLTAGE DC (HVDC) LINES 73 2.12 SUBSTATION
GROUNDING 74 2.12.1 ELECRIC SHOCK AND ITS EFFECTS ON HUMANS 74 2.12.2
GROUND RESISTANCE 77 2.12.3 SOIL RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS 78 2.12.4
SUBSTATION GROUNDING 81 2.12.5 GROUND CONDUCTOR SIZING FACTORS 83 2.12.6
TYPES OF GROUND FAULTS 84 2.12.6.1 LINE-TO-LINE-TO-GROUND FAULT 84
2.12.6.2 SINGLE-LINE-TO-GROUND FAULT 85 2.12.7 GROUND POTENTIAL RISE 85
2.13 TRANSMISSION LINE GROUNDS 86 2.14 TYPES OF GROUNDING 87 2.15
TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS 88 2.16 AUTOTRANSFORMERS IN TRANSMISSION
SUBSTATIONS 88 2.17 TRANSFORMER SELECTION 89 2.18 TRANSFORMER
CLASSIFICATIONS 89 CHAPTER 3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS 93 3.1 INTRODUCTION 93
3.2 FACTORS AFFECTING TRANSMISSION GROWTH 93 3.3 STABILITY
CONSIDERATIONS 94 CONTENTS XI 3.4 POWER TRANSMISSION CAPABILITY OF A
TRANSMISSION LINE 96 3.5 SURGE IMPEDANCE AND SURGE IMPEDANCE LOADING OF
A TRANSMISSION LINE 96 3.6 LOADABILITY CURVES 96 3.7 COMPENSATION 98 3.8
SHUNT COMPENSATION 100 3.8.1 EFFECTS OF SHUNT COMPENSATION ON
TRANSMISSION LINE LOADABILITY 100 3.8.2 SHUNT REACTORS AND SHUNT
CAPACITOR BANKS 100 3.9 SERIES COMPENSATION 101 3.9.1 THE EFFECTS OF
SERIES COMPENSATION ON TRANSMISSION LINE LOADABILITY 101 3.9.2 SERIES
CAPACITORS 102 3.10 STATIC VAR CONTROL (SVC) 107 3.11 STATIC VAR SYSTEMS
109 3.12 THYRISTOR-CONTROLLED SERIES COMPENSATOR 109 3.13 STATIC
COMPENSATOR 110 3.14 THYRISTOR-CONTROLLED BRAKING RESISTOR ILL 3.15
SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY SYSTEMS 112 3.16 SUBSYNCHRONOUS
RESONANCE (SSR) 113 3.17 THE USE OF STATIC COMPENSATION TO PREVENT
VOLTAGE COLLAPSE OR INSTABILITY 113 3.18 ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS)
114 3.19 SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION 115 3.20 ADVANCED
SCADA CONCEPTS 116 3.20.1 SUBSTATION CONTROLLERS 117 3.21 SIX-PHASE
TRANSMISSION LINES 119 CHAPTER 4 OVERHEAD POWER TRANSMISSION 123 4.1
INTRODUCTION 123 4.2 SHORT TRANSMISSION LINES (UP TO 50 MI, OR 80 KM)
123 4.2.1 STEADY-STATE POWER LIMIT 126 4.2.2 PERCENT VOLTAGE REGULATION
128 4.2.3 REPRESENTATION OF MUTUAL IMPEDANCE OF SHORT LINES 133 4.3
MEDIUM-LENGTH TRANSMISSION LINES (UP TO 150 MI, OR 240 KM) 133 4.4 LONG
TRANSMISSION LINES (ABOVE 150 MI, OR 240 KM) 143 4.4.1 EQUIVALENT
CIRCUIT OF LONG TRANSMISSION LINE 152 4.4.2 INCIDENT AND REFLECTED
VOLTAGES OF LONG TRANSMISSION LINE 155 4.4.3 SURGE IMPEDANCE LOADING OF
TRANSMISSION LINE 158 4.5 GENERAL CIRCUIT CONSTANTS 161 4.5.1
DETERMINATION OF A, B, C, AND D CONSTANTS 162 4.5.2 A, B, C, AND D
CONSTANTS OF TRANSFORMER 168 4.5.3 ASYMMETRICAL * AND T NETWORKS 169
4.5.4 NETWORKS CONNECTED IN SERIES 170 4.5.5 NETWORKS CONNECTED IN
PARALLEL 172 4.5.6 TERMINATED TRANSMISSION LINE 174 4.5.7 POWER
RELATIONS USING A, B, C, AND D LINE CONSTANTS 178 4.6 BUNDLED CONDUCTORS
184 4.7 EFFECT OF GROUND ON CAPACITANCE OF THREE-PHASE LINES 187 4.8
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES 188 CHAPTER 5
UNDERGROUND POWER TRANSMISSION AND GAS-INSULATED TRANSMISSION LINES 197
5.1 INTRODUCTION 197 XII CONTENTS 5.2 UNDERGROUND CABLES 198 5.3
UNDERGROUND CABLE INSTALLATION TECHNIQUES 202 5.4 ELECTRICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF INSULATED CABLES 204 5.4.1 ELECTRIC STRESS IN
SINGLE-CONDUCTOR CABLE 204 5.4.2 CAPACITANCE OF SINGLE-CONDUCTOR CABLE
209 5.4.3 DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF CABLE INSULATION 211 5.4.4 CHARGING
CURRENT 212 5.4.5 DETERMINATION OF INSULATION RESISTANCE OF
SINGLE-CONDUCTOR CABLE 213 5.4.6 CAPACITANCE OF THREE-CONDUCTOR BELTED
CABLE 215 5.4.7 CABLE DIMENSIONS 222 5.4.8 GEOMETRIC FACTORS 222 5.4.9
DIELECTRIC POWER FACTOR AND DIELECTRIC LOSS 226 5.4.10 EFFECTIVE
CONDUCTOR RESISTANCE 229 5.4.11 DIRECT-CURRENT RESISTANCE 230 5.4.12
SKIN EFFECT 231 5.4.13 PROXIMITY EFFECT 232 5.5 SHEATH CURRENTS IN
CABLES 233 5.6 POSITIVE- AND NEGATIVE-SEQUENCE REACTANCES 238 5.6.1
SINGLE-CONDUCTOR CABLES 238 5.6.2 THREE-CONDUCTOR CABLES 239 5.7
ZERO-SEQUENCE RESISTANCE AND REACTANCE 240 5.7.1 THREE-CONDUCTOR CABLES
240 5.7.2 SINGLE-CONDUCTOR CABLES 245 5.8 SHUNT CAPACITIVE REACTANCE 251
5.9 CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITY OF CABLES 253 5.10 CALCULATION OF
IMPEDANCES OF CABLES IN PARALLEL 253 5.10.1 SINGLE-CONDUCTOR CABLES 253
5.10.2 BUNDLED SINGLE-CONDUCTOR CABLES 257 5.11 EHV UNDERGROUND CABLE
TRANSMISSION 262 5.12 GAS-INSULATED TRANSMISSION LINES 269 5.13 LOCATION
OF FAULTS IN UNDERGROUND CABLES 274 5.13.1 FAULT LOCATION BY USING
MURRAY LOOP TEST 274 5.13.2 FAULT LOCATION BY USING VARLEY LOOP TEST 275
5.13.3 DISTRIBUTION CABLE CHECKS 276 CHAPTER 6 DIRECT-CURRENT POWER
TRANSMISSION 281 6.1 INTRODUCTION 281 6.2 OVERHEAD HIGH-VOLTAGE DC
TRANSMISSION 281 6.3 COMPARISON OF POWER TRANSMISSION CAPACITY OF
HIGH-VOLTAGE DC AND AC 282 6.4 HIGH VOLTAGE DC TRANSMISSION LINE
INSULATION 287 6.5 THREE-PHASE BRIDGE CONVERTER 291 6.6 RECTIFICATION
291 6.7 PER-UNIT SYSTEMS AND NORMALIZING 302 6.7.1 ALTERNATING-CURRENT
SYSTEM PER-UNIT BASES 303 6.7.2 DIRECT-CURRENT SYSTEM PER-UNIT BASES 304
6.8 INVERSION 309 6.9 MULTIBRIDGE (B-BRIDGE) CONVERTER STATIONS 316 6.10
PER-UNIT REPRESENTATION OF B-BRIDGE CONVERTER STATIONS 319 6.10.1
ALTERNATING-CURRENT SYSTEM PER-UNIT BASES 322 6.10.2 DIRECT-CURRENT
SYSTEM PER-UNIT BASES 323 CONTENTS XIII 6.11 OPERATION OF DIRECT-CURRENT
TRANSMISSION LINK 325 6.12 STABILITY OF CONTROL 328 6.13 THE USE OF
FACTS AND HVDC TO SOLVE BOTTLENECK PROBLEMS IN THE TRANSMISSION
NETWORKS 332 6.14 HIGH-VOLTAGE POWER ELECTRONIC SUBSTATIONS 332 6.15
ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDS ON HVDC CONVERTER STATIONS 333 CHAPTER 7 TRANSIENT
OVERVOLTAGES AND INSULATION COORDINATION 343 7.1 INTRODUCTION 343 7.2
TRAVELING WAVES 343 7.2.1 VELOCITY OF SURGE PROPAGATION 347 7.2.2 SURGE
POWER INPUT AND ENERGY STORAGE 348 7.2.3 SUPERPOSITION OF FORWARD- AND
BACKWARD-TRAVELING WAVES 350 7.3 EFFECTS OF LINE TERMINATIONS 350 7.3.1
LINE TERMINATION IN RESISTANCE 352 7.3.2 LINE TERMINATION IN IMPEDANCE
353 7.3.3 OPEN-CIRCUIT LINE TERMINATION 357 7.3.4 SHORT-CIRCUIT LINE
TERMINATION 358 7.3.5 OVERHEAD LINE TERMINATION BY TRANSFORMER 358 7.4
JUNCTION OF TWO LINES 359 7.5 JUNCTION OF SEVERAL LINES 361 7.6
TERMINATION IN CAPACITANCE AND INDUCTANCE 363 7.6.1 TERMINATION THROUGH
CAPACITOR 363 7.6.2 TERMINATION THROUGH INDUCTOR 365 7.7 BEWLEY LATTICE
DIAGRAM 365 7.8 SURGE ATTENUATION AND DISTORTION 368 7.9 TRAVELING WAVES
ON THREE-PHASE LINES 368 7.10 LIGHTNING AND LIGHTNING SURGES 371 7.10.1
LIGHTNING 371 7.10.2 LIGHTNING SURGES 373 7.10.3 THE USE OF OVERHEAD
GROUND WIRES FOR LIGHTNING PROTECTION OF THE TRANSMISSION LINES 375
7.10.4 LIGHTNING PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES 375 7.11 SHIELDING
FAILURES OF TRANSMISSION LINES 378 7.11.1 ELECTROGEOMETRIC (EGM) THEORY
378 7.11.2 EFFECTIVE SHIELDING 380 7.11.3 DETERMINATION OF SHIELDING
FAILURE RATE 380 7.12 LIGHTNING PERFORMANCE OF UHV LINES 382 7.13 STROKE
CURRENT MAGNITUDE 382 7.14 SHIELDING DESIGN METHODS 383 7.14.1
FIXED-ANGLE METHOD 383 7.14.2 EMPIRICAL METHOD (OR WAGNER METHOD) 384
7.14.3 ELECTROGEOMETRIC MODEL 384 7.15 SWITCHING AND SWITCHING SURGES
387 7.15.1 SWITCHING 387 7.15.2 CAUSES OF SWITCHING SURGE OVERVOLTAGES
389 7.15.3 CONTROL OF SWITCHING SURGES 390 7.16 OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
390 7.17 INSULATION COORDINATION 397 7.17.1 BASIC DEFINITIONS 397 XIV
CONTENTS 7.17.1.1 BASIC IMPULSE INSULATION LEVEL (BIL) 397 7.17.1.2
WITHSTAND VOLTAGE 397 7.17.1.3 CHOPPED-WAVE INSULATION LEVEL 397
7.17.1.4 CRITICAL FLASHOVER (CFO) VOLTAGE 397 7.17.1.5 IMPULSES RATIO
(FOR FLASHOVER OR PUNCTURE OF INSULATION) 397 7.17.2 INSULATION
COORDINATION 397 7.17.3 INSULATION COORDINATION IN TRANSMISSION LINES
400 7.18 GEOMAGNETIC DISTURBANCES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON POWER SYSTEM
OPERATIONS 404 CHAPTER 8 LIMITING FACTORS FOR EXTRA-HIGH AND ULTRAHIGH
VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION: CORONA, RADIO NOISE, AND AUDIBLE NOISE 411 8.1
INTRODUCTION 411 8.2 CORONA 411 8.2.1 NATURE OF CORONA 411 8.2.2
MANIFESTATIONS OF CORONA 412 8.2.3 FACTORS AFFECTING CORONA 413 8.2.4
CORONA LOSS 418 8.3 RADIO NOISE 421 8.3.1 RADIO INTERFERENCE (RI) 422
8.3.2 TELEVISION INTERFERENCE 426 8.4 AUDIBLE NOISE (AN) 427 8.5
CONDUCTOR SIZE SELECTION 427 CHAPTER 9 SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS AND FAULT
ANALYSIS 435 9.1 INTRODUCTION 435 9.2 SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS 435 9.3 THE
OPERATOR A 436 9.4 RESOLUTION OF THREE-PHASE UNBALANCED SYSTEM OF
PHASORS INTO ITS SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS 438 9.5 POWER IN SYMMETRICAL
COMPONENTS 441 9.6 SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF TRANSMISSION LINES 443 9.6.1
SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF UNTRANSPOSED LINES 443 9.6.2 SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES
OF TRANSPOSED LINES 445 9.6.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC UNBALANCES DUE TO
UNTRANSPOSED LINES 447 9.6.4 SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF UNTRANSPOSED LINE
WITH OVERHEAD GROUND WIRE 454 9.7 SEQUENCE CAPACITANCES OF TRANSMISSION
LINE 455 9.7.1 THREE-PHASE TRANSMISSION LINE WITHOUT OVERHEAD GROUND
WIRE 455 9.7.2 THREE-PHASE TRANSMISSION LINE WITH OVERHEAD GROUND WIRE
458 9.8 SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 462 9.9
ZERO-SEQUENCE NETWORKS 465 9.10 SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF TRANSFORMERS 467
9.11 ANALYSIS OF UNBALANCED FAULTS 471 9.12 SHUNT FAULTS 472 9.12.1
SINGLE LINE-TO-GROUND FAULT 475 9.12.2 LINE-TO-LINE FAULT 483 9.12.3
DOUBLE LINE-TO-GROUND FAULT 486 9.12.4 THREE-PHASE FAULT 491 CONTENTS XV
9.13 SERIES FAULTS 495 9.13.1 ONE LINE OPEN (OLO) 496 9.13.2 TWO LINES
OPEN (TLO) 497 9.14 DETERMINATION OF SEQUENCE NETWORK EQUIVALENTS FOR
SERIES FAULTS 497 9.14.1 BRIEF REVIEW OF TWO-PORT THEORY 497 9.14.2
EQUIVALENT ZERO-SEQUENCE NETWORKS 500 9.14.3 EQUIVALENT POSITIVE- AND
NEGATIVE-SEQUENCE NETWORKS 500 9.15 SYSTEM GROUNDING 504 9.16
ELIMINATION OF SLG FAULT CURRENT BY USING PETERSON COILS 509 9.17
SIX-PHASE SYSTEMS 512 9.17.1 APPLICATION OF SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS 512
9.17.2 TRANSFORMATIONS 513 9.17.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC UNBALANCE FACTORS 515
9.17.4 TRANSPOSITION ON THE SIX-PHASE LINES 516 9.17.5 PHASE
ARRANGEMENTS 517 9.17.6 OVERHEAD GROUND WIRES 517 9.17.7 DOUBLE-CIRCUIT
TRANSMISSION LINES 517 CHAPTER 10 PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM PROTECTION 535 10.1 INTRODUCTION 535 10.2 INTERRUPTION OF FAULT
CURRENT 535 10.3 HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS (CB) 537 10.4 CB
SELECTION 540 10.5 DISCONNECT SWITCHES 544 10.6 LOAD-BREAK SWITCHES 544
10.7 SWITCHGEAR 544 10.8 THE PURPOSE OF TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION 545
10.9 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR TRANSMISSION LINE PROTECTION 545 10.10 ZONES OF
PROTECTION 547 10.11 PRIMARY AND BACKUP PROTECTION 547 10.12 RECLOSING
550 10.13 TYPICAL RELAYS USED ON TRANSMISSION LINES 552 10.13.1
OVERCURRENT RELAYS 553 10.13.1.1 INVERSE-TIME DELAY OVERCURRENT RELAYS
553 10.13.1.2 INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT RELAYS 553 10.13.1.3 DIRECTIONAL
OVERCURRENT RELAYS 553 10.13.2 DISTANCE RELAYS 554 10.13.2.1 IMPEDANCE
RELAY 554 10.13.2.2 ADMITTANCE RELAY 554 10.13.2.3 REACTANCE RELAY 555
10.13.3 PILOT RELAYING 562 10.14 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PROTECTIVE
RELAYING 564 10.14.1 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN RELAY SETTINGS AND
COORDINATION 565 10.14.2 COMPUTER RELAYING 565 CHAPTER 11 TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM RELIABILITY 573 11.1 NATIONAL ELECTRIC RELIABILITY COUNCIL (NERC)
573 11.2 INDEX OF RELIABILITY 573 XVI CONTENTS 11.3 SECTION 209 OF PURPA
OF 1978 575 11.4 BASIC PROBABILITY THEORY 580 11.4.1 SET THEORY 581
11.4.2 PROBABILITY AND SET THEORY 583 11.5 COMBINATIONAL ANALYSIS 588
11.6 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 589 11.7 BASIC RELIABILITY CONCEPTS 592
11.7.1 SERIES SYSTEMS 600 11.7.2 PARALLEL SYSTEMS 602 11.7.3 COMBINED
SERIES-PARALLEL SYSTEMS 603 11.8 SYSTEMS WITH REPAIRABLE COMPONENTS 604
11.8.1 REPAIRABLE COMPONENTS IN SERIES 604 11.8.2 REPAIRABLE COMPONENTS
IN PARALLEL 607 11.9 RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS 609
11.9.1 CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY METHOD 609 11.9.2 MINIMAL-CUT-SET METHOD
610 11.10 MARKOV PROCESSES 612 11.11 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM RELIABILITY
METHODS 616 11.11.1 AVERAGE INTERRUPTION RATE METHOD 616 11.11.2
FREQUENCY AND DURATION METHOD 616 11.11.2.1 SERIES SYSTEMS 617 11.11.2.2
PARALLEL SYSTEMS 618 11.11.3 MARKOV APPLICATION METHOD 620 11.11.4
COMMON-CAUSE FORCED OUTAGES OF TRANSMISSION LINES 624 SECTION II
MECHANICAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS CHAPTER 12 CONSTRUCTION OF OVERHEAD LINES
641 12.1 INTRODUCTION 641 12.2 FACTORS AFFECTING MECHANICAL DESIGN OF
OVERHEAD LINES 643 12.3 CHARACTER OF LINE ROUTE 643 12.4 RIGHT-OF-WAY
643 12.5 MECHANICAL LOADING 644 12.5.1 DEFINITIONS OF STRESSES 644
12.5.2 ELASTICITY AND ULTIMATE STRENGTH 645 12.5.3 NESC LOADINGS 646
12.5.4 WIND PRESSURE 647 12.6 REQUIRED CLEARANCES 648 12.6.1 HORIZONTAL
CLEARANCES 648 12.6.2 VERTICAL CLEARANCES 648 12.6.3 CLEARANCES AT WIRE
CROSSINGS 648 12.6.4 HORIZONTAL SEPARATION OF CONDUCTORS FROM EACH OTHER
649 12.7 TYPE OF SUPPORTING STRUCTURES 651 12.7.1 POLE TYPES 651 12.7.2
SOIL TYPES AND POLE SETTING 653 12.8 MECHANICAL CALCULATIONS 655 12.8.1
INTRODUCTION 655 CONTENTS XVII 12.8.2 BENDING MOMENT DUE TO WIND ON
CONDUCTORS 656 12.8.3 BENDING MOMENT DUE TO WIND ON POLES 657 12.8.4
STRESS DUE TO ANGLE IN LINE 662 12.8.5 STRENGTH DETERMINATION OF ANGLE
POLE 663 12.8.6 PERMISSIBLE MAXIMUM ANGLE WITHOUT GUYS 664 12.8.7 GUYING
665 12.8.8 CALCULATION OF GUY TENSION 665 12.9 GRADE OF CONSTRUCTION 670
12.10 LINE CONDUCTORS 670 12.11 INSULATOR TYPES 671 12.12 JOINT USE BY
OTHER UTILITIES 672 12.13 CONDUCTOR VIBRATION 673 12.14 CONDUCTOR MOTION
CAUSED BY FAULT CURRENTS 676 CHAPTER 13 SAG AND TENSION ANALYSIS 679
13.1 INTRODUCTION 679 13.2 EFFECT OF CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE 680 13.3 LINE
SAG AND TENSION CALCULATIONS 681 13.3.1 SUPPORTS AT SAME LEVEL 681
13.3.1.1 CATENARY METHOD 681 13.3.1.2 PARABOLIC METHOD 688 13.3.2
SUPPORTS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS: UNSYMMETRICAL SPANS 692 13.4 SPANS OF
UNEQUAL LENGTH: RULING SPAN 693 13.5 EFFECTS OF ICE AND WIND LOADING 694
13.5.1 EFFECT OF ICE 694 13.5.2 EFFECT OF WIND 696 13.6 NATIONAL
ELECTRIC SAFETY CODE 699 13.7 LINE LOCATION 700 13.7.1 PROFILE AND PLAN
OF RIGHT-OF-WAY 702 13.7.2 TEMPLATES FOR LOCATING STRUCTURES 703 13.7.3
SUPPORTING STRUCTURES 706 APPENDIX A: IMPEDANCE TABLES FOR OVERHEAD
LINES, TRANSFORMERS, AND UNDERGROUND CABLES 711 APPENDIX B: METHODS FOR
ALLOCATING TRANSMISSION LINE FIXED CHARGES AMONG JOINT USERS 767
APPENDIX C: REVIEW OF BASICS 777 APPENDIX D: CONVERSION FACTORS,
PREFIXES, AND THE GREEK ALPHABET 817 APPENDIX E: STANDARD DEVICE NUMBERS
USED IN PROTECTION SYSTEMS 819 APPENDIX F: GLOSSARY FOR TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM ENGINEERING TERMINOLOGY 821 INDEX 843
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Gönen, Turan |
| author_facet | Gönen, Turan |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Gönen, Turan |
| author_variant | t g tg |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV035691866 |
| classification_rvk | ZN 8500 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)312626529 (DE-599)BVBBV035691866 |
| dewey-full | 621.319 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 621 - Applied physics |
| dewey-raw | 621.319 |
| dewey-search | 621.319 |
| dewey-sort | 3621.319 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV035691866 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:43:32Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781439802540 1439802548 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017745935 |
| oclc_num | 312626529 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-634 DE-859 |
| owner_facet | DE-634 DE-859 |
| physical | XXIII, 852 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | CRC Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Gönen, Turan Verfasser aut Electric power transmission system engineering analysis and design Turan Gönen 2. ed. Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.] CRC Press 2009 XXIII, 852 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Electric power transmission Elektrische Energieübertragung (DE-588)4134708-0 gnd rswk-swf Elektrische Energieübertragung (DE-588)4134708-0 s DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017745935&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gönen, Turan Electric power transmission system engineering analysis and design Electric power transmission Elektrische Energieübertragung (DE-588)4134708-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4134708-0 |
| title | Electric power transmission system engineering analysis and design |
| title_auth | Electric power transmission system engineering analysis and design |
| title_exact_search | Electric power transmission system engineering analysis and design |
| title_full | Electric power transmission system engineering analysis and design Turan Gönen |
| title_fullStr | Electric power transmission system engineering analysis and design Turan Gönen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electric power transmission system engineering analysis and design Turan Gönen |
| title_short | Electric power transmission system engineering analysis and design |
| title_sort | electric power transmission system engineering analysis and design |
| topic | Electric power transmission Elektrische Energieübertragung (DE-588)4134708-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Electric power transmission Elektrische Energieübertragung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017745935&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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