Obywatel Jidyszlandu: rzecz o żydowskich komunistach w Polsce
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Wydawn. Neriton [u.a.]
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Citizen of Yiddishland |
| Beschreibung: | 348, [2] s., [16] s. tabl. il. - Ill. 24 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788375430646 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Nalewajko-Kulikov, Joanna |d 1976- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)139293353 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Obywatel Jidyszlandu |b rzecz o żydowskich komunistach w Polsce |c Joanna Nalewajko-Kulikov |
| 250 | |a Wyd. 1. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Warszawa |b Wydawn. Neriton [u.a.] |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a 348, [2] s., [16] s. tabl. |b il. - Ill. |c 24 cm. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Citizen of Yiddishland | ||
| 600 | 1 | 4 | |a Sfard, David |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Sfard, Doṿid |d 1905-1981 |0 (DE-588)124717780 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Juden | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Kommunismus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Communism |z Poland |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Jewish communists |z Poland |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Jews |z Poland |x History | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Polen | |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4006804-3 |a Biografie |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Sfard, Doṿid |d 1905-1981 |0 (DE-588)124717780 |D p |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804139362477146112 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis treści
Wstęp
..................................................... 7
Rozdział I W zamkniętym kręgu
(1903-1931).................. 31
Rozdział
II
O rząd żydowskich dusz
(1932-1939) ................ 63
Rozdział III „Wyzwoleni bracia pisarze
(1939-1941).............. 108
Rozdział
IV
„Drużba jewriejskich narodów
(1941-1946)........... 129
Rozdział
V
„Nie ma kwestii żydowskiej, są problemy żydowskie
(1946-1949)....................................161
Rozdział
VI
„Wzór rozwiązania kwestii żydowskiej
(1950-1959)..... 196
Rozdział
VII
Drogi się rozchodzą
(1960-1969) ................... 244
Postscriptum
................................................ 286
Aneksy
.................................................... 293
Abstract
.................................................... 307
Bibliografia
................................................. 309
Wykaz skrótów
.............................................. 336
Indeks osób
................................................. 338
Spis ilustracji
................................................ 349
Citizen
of Yiddishland.
About the Jewish communists
in Poland
Abstract
A saying that is often quoted in Poland in relation to Jewish communists or communists
of Jewish origin goes that a Jewish communist is not Jewish anymore . This is true concerning
those Jews who considered themselves Polish communists and who worked mosdy in a non-
Jewish environment. However, some Jews who joined the communist party in the interwar
period never denied their Jewishness. On the contrary, they lived and worked on the so-called
Jewish street . They were not a large group, but their influence on the Polish Jewish commu¬
nity was inversely proportional to dieir number.
A good example of such a Jewish communist is a Yiddish writer and activist David
Sfard.
Born at the beginning of the 20th century in a rabbis family in Vblhynia (then in the Russian
Empire), he received at first a traditional religious education, but after World war I he
entered a secular Polish-Jewish gymnasium in Lutsk. The Polish-Soviet war of
1920
was his
first meeting with the communist ideology brought to Volhynia by the Red Army. Later he
studied philosophy in Warsaw and eventually received his PhD in philosophy from the
university in Nancy, France. Having returned to Warsaw, he joined in
1933
the illegal
Communist Party of Poland and became active in Yiddish literary circles, including die
literary journal Literarishe Tribune
(1932-1933).
the crypto-communist daily Fraynd
(1934-1935)
and the famous Association of Jewish Writers and Journalists at Tlomatske
13.
In
1939,
at the outbreak of World War II, he escaped to the Soviet-occupied
Białystok
where
again he worked in the Yiddish newspaper Bialistoker Shtern . After the Nazis attacked the
USSR in
1941,
he was evacuated widi other Jewish writers to Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan). When
he got to Moscow in
1944,
he co-founded the Organizing Committee of Polish Jews at the
Polish Patriots Union (ZPP), an organization that kept in close touch with the Jewish Anti-
Fascist Committee. As its vice-chairman and later chairman, he coordinated the repatriation
of Polish Jews to Poland and came back himself in
1946,
finally settling down in Warsaw.
The first-hand experience of die Soviet reality did not put off neither him, nor his fellows
from the Jewish faction of the Polish Workers Party
(PPR).
On the contrary, they believed
that it would allow them to build the right form of communism in liberated Poland. Their
political vision of a particular Polish way to communism was labeled as nusekh Poyln, or the
Polish variant , and its key element was Yiddish culture.
The heyday for these Jewish communists was the first half of the
1950s.
By decision of
the Polish authorities their organization, the
Socio-Cultural
Association of Jews in Poland
308
Abstract
(TSKZ), became practically the only power in the Jewish community. Among other ethnic
minority associations, the Jews disposed the widest range of institutions. These included
a Yiddish publishing house Yidish Bukh , a Yiddish newspaper Folks-Shtime and a Yiddish
literary monthly Yidishe Shriftn , Jewish public schools in which Yiddish was taught, a state
Jewish theater and, finally, the Jewish Historical Institute. Such an autonomy was also unusual
in the context of the Soviet bloc countries at this time and especially in comparison with the
USSR, where the Jewish cultural and institutional life was practically annihilated. However,
the events of
1956,
especially Nikita Khrushchev s secret speech at the 20th Congress of the
Communist Party of the USSR, were a shock to the Jewish communists in Poland. But the
thaw of
1956
was a mixed blessing: on the one hand, a new wave of repatriation of Polish
Jews from the USSR was allowed, on the other hand most of these repatriates as well as
former members of the TSKZ demanded the right to emigrate to Israel. It meant a thorough
change of die TSKZ attitude towards the Jews who did remain, and a change in behaviour
towards the Polish authorities.
While some of David Sfard s good friends also left Poland at this time, he decided to stay
(even after a visit to Israel in
1959/1960
which deeply impressed him). From then on, he
dedicated a lot of his energy (and so did other Jewish communists in Poland) to renewing
contacts with die Soviet Jewry. For Soviet Jewish authors, Poland became a window to the
Western world. Both Soviet and Polish authorities were aware of this situation and tried to
use Soviet Jewish informers to spy after the activities of the Israeli embassy in Warsaw. The
thaw of
1956
ended quickly, and soon the Polish Jews, because of their ties with the inter¬
national Jewry, became more than suspect in die eyes of the new Party secretary
Władysław
Gomułka
and his co-workers. As a result, from the beginning of the
1960s
the Jewish commu¬
nity was under surveillance of the secret services.
The anti-Semitic campaign of
1968
was a personal failure of the Jewish communists in
Poland, since it meant the return of anti-Semitic propaganda and turning Jewish communists
into an Israeli „fifth column . Therefore the majority of leading activists of the TSKZ left the
country with the
1968
wave of emigration of Polish Jews, seeing no further possibilities of
working in Poland. One of them was David
Sfard
who spent the rest of his life in Israel.
Until his death in
1981,
he was active in Yiddish literary circles.
While David
Sfard
is the main hero of this book, much emphasis has also been given to
his Jewish communist fellows, such as David Rikhter, Shimen
Zachariasz, Hersh
Smolar,
Bernard Mark and
Binem
Heller. The whole community of Jewish communists was shown
against the background of history of Jews in Eastern Europe. This book is a panorama of an
individual Jewish fate in the 20th century, a fate that became symbolic for a whole generation
-
the last citizens of Yiddishland.
Joanna Nalewajko-Kulikov
|
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| author | Nalewajko-Kulikov, Joanna 1976- |
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| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | Wyd. 1. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV035668297 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:42:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788375430646 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017722602 |
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| physical | 348, [2] s., [16] s. tabl. il. - Ill. 24 cm. |
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| publishDate | 2009 |
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| publisher | Wydawn. Neriton [u.a.] |
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| spelling | Nalewajko-Kulikov, Joanna 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)139293353 aut Obywatel Jidyszlandu rzecz o żydowskich komunistach w Polsce Joanna Nalewajko-Kulikov Wyd. 1. Warszawa Wydawn. Neriton [u.a.] 2009 348, [2] s., [16] s. tabl. il. - Ill. 24 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Citizen of Yiddishland Sfard, David Sfard, Doṿid 1905-1981 (DE-588)124717780 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Juden Kommunismus Communism Poland History Jewish communists Poland History Jews Poland History Polen (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Sfard, Doṿid 1905-1981 (DE-588)124717780 p DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017722602&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017722602&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Nalewajko-Kulikov, Joanna 1976- Obywatel Jidyszlandu rzecz o żydowskich komunistach w Polsce Sfard, David Sfard, Doṿid 1905-1981 (DE-588)124717780 gnd Geschichte Juden Kommunismus Communism Poland History Jewish communists Poland History Jews Poland History |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)124717780 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Obywatel Jidyszlandu rzecz o żydowskich komunistach w Polsce |
| title_auth | Obywatel Jidyszlandu rzecz o żydowskich komunistach w Polsce |
| title_exact_search | Obywatel Jidyszlandu rzecz o żydowskich komunistach w Polsce |
| title_full | Obywatel Jidyszlandu rzecz o żydowskich komunistach w Polsce Joanna Nalewajko-Kulikov |
| title_fullStr | Obywatel Jidyszlandu rzecz o żydowskich komunistach w Polsce Joanna Nalewajko-Kulikov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Obywatel Jidyszlandu rzecz o żydowskich komunistach w Polsce Joanna Nalewajko-Kulikov |
| title_short | Obywatel Jidyszlandu |
| title_sort | obywatel jidyszlandu rzecz o zydowskich komunistach w polsce |
| title_sub | rzecz o żydowskich komunistach w Polsce |
| topic | Sfard, David Sfard, Doṿid 1905-1981 (DE-588)124717780 gnd Geschichte Juden Kommunismus Communism Poland History Jewish communists Poland History Jews Poland History |
| topic_facet | Sfard, David Sfard, Doṿid 1905-1981 Geschichte Juden Kommunismus Communism Poland History Jewish communists Poland History Jews Poland History Polen Biografie |
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