Basic biostatistics for geneticists and epidemiologists: a practical approach
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester, U.K.
Wiley
2008
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Frühere Ausg. u.d.T.: Essentials of biostatistics Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | x, 373 S. graph. Darst. 26 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780470024898 0470024895 9780470024904 0470024909 |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Data Collection | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Epidemiologic Methods | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Medical genetics |x Statistical methods | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804139351669473280 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE
ix
1
INTRODUCTION: THE ROLE AND RELEVANCE
OF STATISTICS, GENETICS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
IN MEDICINE
3
Why Biostatistics?
3
What Exactly Is (Are) Statistics?
5
Reasons for Understanding Statistics
6
What Exactly is Genetics?
8
What Exactly is Epidemiology?
10
How Can a Statistician Help Geneticists and Epidemiologists?
11
Disease Prevention versus Disease Therapy
12
A Few Examples: Genetics, Epidemiology and Statistical Inference
12
Summary
14
References
15
2
POPULATIONS, SAMPLES, AND STUDY DESIGN
19
The Study of Cause and Effect
19
Populations, Target Populations and Study Units
21
Probability Samples and Randomization
23
Observational Studies
25
Family Studies
27
Experimental Studies
28
Quasi-Experimental Studies
36
Summary
37
Further Reading
38
Problems
38
3
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
45
Why Do We Need Descriptive Statistics?
45
Scales of Measurement
46
Tables
47
Graphs
49
Proportions and Rates
55
Relative Measures of Disease Frequency
58
Sensitivity, Specificity and Predictive Values
61
vi
CONTENTS
Measures of Central Tendency
62
Measures of Spread or Variability
64
Measures of Shape
67
Summary
68
Further Reading
70
Problems
70
4
THE LAWS OF PROBABILITY
79
Definition of Probability
79
The Probability of Either of Two Events: A or
В
82
The Joint Probability of Two Events: A and
Ђ
83
Examples of Independence, Nonindependence and Genetic Counseling
86
Bayes
Theorem
89
Likelihood Ratio
97
Summary
98
Further Reading
99
Problems
99
5
RANDOM VARIABLES AND DISTRIBUTIONS
107
Variability and Random Variables
107
Binomial Distribution
109
A Note about Symbols
112
Poisson
Distribution
113
Uniform Distribution
114
Normal Distribution
116
Cumulative Distribution Functions
119
The Standard Normal (Gaussian) Distribution
120
Summary
122
Further Reading
123
Problems
123
6
ESTIMATES AND CONFIDENCE LIMITS
131
Estimates and Estimators
131
Notation for Population Parameters, Sample Estimates, and Sample
Estimators
133
Properties of Estimators
134
Maximum Likelihood
135
Estimating Intervals
137
Distribution of the Sample Mean
138
Confidence Limits
140
Summary
146
Problems
148
7
SIGNIFICANCE TESTS AND TESTS OF HYPOTHESES
155
Principle of Significance Testing
155
Principle of Hypothesis Testing
156
Testing a Population Mean
157
CONTENTS
vii
One-Sided versus Two-Sided Tests
160
Testing a Proportion
161
Testing the Equality of Two Variances
165
Testing the Equality of Two Means
167
Testing the Equality of Two Medians
169
Validity and Power
172
Summary
176
Further Reading
178
Problems
178
8
LIKELIHOOD
BATIOS,
BAYESIAN METHODS AND MULTIPLE
HYPOTHESES
187
Likelihood Ratios
187
Bayesian Methods
190
Bayes
Factors
192
Bayesian Estimates and Credible Intervals
194
The Multiple Testing Problem
195
Summary
198
Problems
199
9
THE MANY USES OF CHI-SQUARE
203
The Chi-Square Distribution
203
Goodness-of-Fit Tests
206
Contingency Tables
209
Inference About the Variance
219
Combining p-Values
220
Likelihood Ratio Tests
221
Summary
223
Further Reading
225
Problems
225
10
CORRELATION AND REGRESSION
233
Simple Linear Regression
233
The Straight-Line Relationship When There is Inherent Variability
240
Correlation
242
Spearman s Rank Correlation
246
Multiple Regression
246
Multiple Correlation and Partial Correlation
250
Regression toward the Mean
251
Summary
253
Further Reading
254
Problems
255
11
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AND LINEAR MODELS
265
Multiple Treatment Groups
265
Completely Randomized Design with a Single Classification of Treatment
Groups
267
viii CONTENTS
Data with
Multiple
Classifications
269
Analysis of Covariance
281
Assumptions Associated with the Analysis of Variance
282
Summary
283
Further Reading
284
Problems
285
12
SOME SPECIALIZED TECHNIQUES
293
Multivariate Analysis
293
Discriminant Analysis
295
Logistic Regression
296
Analysis of Survival Times
299
Estimating Survival Curves
301
Permutation Tests
304
Resampling Methods
309
Summary
312
Further Reading
313
Problems
313
13
GUIDES TO A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF PUBLISHED
REPORTS
321
The Research Hypothesis
321
Variables Studied
321
The Study Design
322
Sample Size
322
Completeness of the Data
323
Appropriate Descriptive Statistics
323
Appropriate Statistical Methods for Inferences
323
Logic of the Conclusions
324
Meta-analysis
324
Summary
326
Further Reading
327
Problems
328
EPILOGUE
329
REVIEW PROBLEMS
331
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED PRORLEMS
345
APPENDIX
353
INDEX
365
Robert
C. Elston
Department of Epidemiology
andl
Bhstatístks,
Case bVestem Reserve University,
USßt,
William D. Johnson
Anyone who attempts to read genetics or epidemiology research literature needs to
understand the essentials of
biostatistiçs.
This book, a revised new edition of the successful
Essentials of Biostatistics has been written to provide such an understanding to those who
have little or no statistical background and who need to keep abreast of new findings in
this fast moving field. Unlike many other elementary books on biostatistics, the main focus
of this book is to explain basic concepts needed to understand statistical procedures.
This Book:
•
Surveys basic statistical methods used in the genetics and epidemiology
literature, including maximum likelihood and least squares.
•
Introduces methods, such as permutation testing and bootstrapping, that are
becoming more widely used in both genetic and
epîdemîologîcal
research.
•
Is illustrated throughout with simple examples to clarify the statistical
methodology.
•
Explains
Bayes*
theorem pictorially.
•
Features exercises, with answers to alternate questions, enabling use
as a course text.
Written at an elementary mathematical level so that readers with high school mathematics
will find the
content
accessible. Graduate students studying
genetic
epidemiology,
researchers and practitioners
f
rom
genetics, epidemiology, biology, medical research
and statistics will find this an invaluable introduction to statistics.
|
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| spelling | Elston, Robert C. 1932- Verfasser (DE-588)136695485 aut Basic biostatistics for geneticists and epidemiologists a practical approach Robert C. Elston, William D. Johnson Chichester, U.K. Wiley 2008 x, 373 S. graph. Darst. 26 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Frühere Ausg. u.d.T.: Essentials of biostatistics Includes bibliographical references and index Biometry methods Data Collection Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Statistical methods Genetics, Medical Medical genetics Statistical methods Medical statistics Biostatistik (DE-588)4729990-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Biostatistik (DE-588)4729990-3 s b DE-604 Johnson, William Davis 1941- Sonstige (DE-588)136695507 oth Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017715526&sequence=000005&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017715526&sequence=000006&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Elston, Robert C. 1932- Basic biostatistics for geneticists and epidemiologists a practical approach Biometry methods Data Collection Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Statistical methods Genetics, Medical Medical genetics Statistical methods Medical statistics Biostatistik (DE-588)4729990-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4729990-3 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Basic biostatistics for geneticists and epidemiologists a practical approach |
| title_auth | Basic biostatistics for geneticists and epidemiologists a practical approach |
| title_exact_search | Basic biostatistics for geneticists and epidemiologists a practical approach |
| title_full | Basic biostatistics for geneticists and epidemiologists a practical approach Robert C. Elston, William D. Johnson |
| title_fullStr | Basic biostatistics for geneticists and epidemiologists a practical approach Robert C. Elston, William D. Johnson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Basic biostatistics for geneticists and epidemiologists a practical approach Robert C. Elston, William D. Johnson |
| title_short | Basic biostatistics for geneticists and epidemiologists |
| title_sort | basic biostatistics for geneticists and epidemiologists a practical approach |
| title_sub | a practical approach |
| topic | Biometry methods Data Collection Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Statistical methods Genetics, Medical Medical genetics Statistical methods Medical statistics Biostatistik (DE-588)4729990-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biometry methods Data Collection Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiology Statistical methods Genetics, Medical Medical genetics Statistical methods Medical statistics Biostatistik Einführung |
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