SQL and Relational Theory: how to write accurate SQL code
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Sebastopol, CA
O'Reilly & Associates
2009
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Ausgabe: | 1. Aufl. |
Schriftenreihe: | Theory in practice
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XIX, 404 S. |
ISBN: | 9780596523060 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Titel: SQL and relational theory
Autor: Date, Chris J.
Jahr: 2009
CONTENTS
PREFACE xiii
1 SETTING THE SCENE 1
The Relational Model Is Much Misunderstood 2
Some Remarks on Terminology 3
Principles, Not Products 1
A Review of the Original Model 5
Model us. Implementation 13
Properties of Relations 17
Base vs. Derived Relations 19
Relations vs. Reluars 21
Values vs. Variables 23
Concluding Remarks 21
Exercises 25
2 TYPES AND DOMAINS 27
Types and Relations 27
Equality Comparisons 28
Data Value Atomicity 31
What s a Type? 37
Scalar vs. Nonscalar Types 10
Scalar Types in SQL 12
Type Checking and Coercion in SQL 13
Collations in SQL 15
Row and Table Types in SQL 17
Concluding Remarks 19
Exercises 50
3 TUPLES AND RELATIONS, ROWS AND TABLES 53
What s a Tuple? 53
Rows in SQL 57
What s a Relation? 60
Relations and Their Bodies 61
Relations Are n-Dimensional 62
Relational Comparisons 63
TABLE_DUM and TABLE_DEE 61
Tables in SQL 65
Column Naming in SQL 66
Concluding Remarks 68
Exercises 69
* NO DUPLICATES, NO NULLS 71
What s Wrong with Duplicates? 71
Duplicates: Further Issues 76
Avoiding Duplicates in SQL 77
What s Wrong with Nulls? 79
Avoiding Nulls in SQL 82
A Remark on Outer Join 84
Concluding Remarks 85
Exercises . 86
5 BASE RELVARS, BASE TABLES 89
Data Definitions 90
Updating Is Set Level 90
Relational Assignment 92
More on Candidate Keys 94
More on Foreign Keys 97
Relvars and Predicates 100
Relations vs. Types 102
Exercises 105
6 SQL AND RELATIONAL ALGEBRA I:
THE ORIGINAL OPERATORS 107
Some Preliminaries 107
More on Closure 110
Restriction 113
Projection 114
Join 115
Union, Intersection, and Difference 118
Which Operators Are Primitive? 120
Formulating Expressions a Step at a Time 121
What Do Relational Expressions Mean? 122
Evaluating SQL Table Expressions 123
Expression Transformation 121
The Reliance on Attribute Names 127
Exercises 129
7 SQL AND RELATIONAL ALGEBRA II:
ADDITIONAL OPERATORS 133
Semijoin and Semidifference 133
Extend 131
Image Relations 136
Divide 139
Aggregate Operators 111
image Relations bis 115
Summarization 116
Summarization bis 151
Group and Ungroup 152
What If Queries 151
What About ORDER BY? 155
Exercises 156
8 SQL AND CONSTRAINTS 161
Type Constraints 162
Type Constraints in SQL 165
Database Constraints 166
Database Constraints in SQL 170
Transactions 171
Why Database Constraint Checking Must Be Immediate 172
But Doesn t Some Checking Haue to Be Deferred? 175
Constraints and Predicates 177
Miscellaneous Issues 179
Exercises 181
9 SQL AND VIEWS 185
Views Are Rehars 186
Views and Predicates 190
Retrieval Operations 190
Views and Constraints 192
Update Operations 195
What Are Views For? 199
Views and Snapshots 200
Exercises 201
10 SQL AND LOGIC 205
Simple and Compound Propositions 206
Simple and Compound Predicates 209
Quantification 211
Relational Calculus 215
More on Quantification 221
Some Equivalences 227
Concluding Remarks 229
Exercises 230
11 USING LOGIC TO FORMULATE SQL EXPRESSIONS 233
Some Transformation Laws 231
Example 1: Logical Implication 236
Example 2: Universal Quantification 236
Example 3: Implication and Universal Quantification 238
Example t: Correlated Subqueries 210
Example 5: Naming Subexpressions 211
Example 6: More on Naming Subexpressions 211
Example 7: Dealing with Ambiguity 215
Example 8: Using COUNT 217
Example 9: Join Queries 218
Example 10: UNIQUE Quantification 2t8
Example 11: ALL or ANY Comparisons 219
Example 12: CROUP BYand HAVING 253
Exercises 251
12 MISCELLANEOUS SQL TOPICS 255
SELECT* 256
Explicit Tables 256
Name Qualification 256
Range Variables 257
Subqueries 259
Possibly Nondeterministic Expressions 262
Empty Sets 263
A BNF Grammar for SQL Table Expressions 261
Exercises 266
A THE RELATIONAL MODEL 269
The Relational Model vs. Others 271
The Relational Model Defined 271
Objectives of the Relational Model 278
Some Database Principles 279
What Remains to Be Done? 280
B DATABASE DESIGN THEORY 285
The Place of Design Theory 286
Functional Dependencies and Boyce/Codd Normal Form 288
Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form 294
Two Cheers for Normalization 300
Orthogonality 304
Some Remarks on Physical Design 306
Concluding Remarks 308
Exercises 309
C ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 313
Chapter 1 313
ChapterZ 319
Chapter 3 326
Chapter t 330
Chapter 5 335
Chapter 6 340
Chapter 7 348
Chapter 8 358
Chapter 9 366
Chapter 10 372
Chapter 11 378
Chapter 12 380
Appendix B 380
D SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING 389
INDEX 397
|
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discipline | Informatik |
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isbn | 9780596523060 |
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spelling | Date, Chris J. 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)120054884 aut SQL and Relational Theory how to write accurate SQL code C. J. Date 1. Aufl. Sebastopol, CA O'Reilly & Associates 2009 XIX, 404 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Theory in practice Relational databases SQL (Computer program language) SQL (DE-588)4134010-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content SQL (DE-588)4134010-3 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017712687&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Date, Chris J. 1941- SQL and Relational Theory how to write accurate SQL code Relational databases SQL (Computer program language) SQL (DE-588)4134010-3 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4134010-3 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
title | SQL and Relational Theory how to write accurate SQL code |
title_auth | SQL and Relational Theory how to write accurate SQL code |
title_exact_search | SQL and Relational Theory how to write accurate SQL code |
title_full | SQL and Relational Theory how to write accurate SQL code C. J. Date |
title_fullStr | SQL and Relational Theory how to write accurate SQL code C. J. Date |
title_full_unstemmed | SQL and Relational Theory how to write accurate SQL code C. J. Date |
title_short | SQL and Relational Theory |
title_sort | sql and relational theory how to write accurate sql code |
title_sub | how to write accurate SQL code |
topic | Relational databases SQL (Computer program language) SQL (DE-588)4134010-3 gnd |
topic_facet | Relational databases SQL (Computer program language) SQL Lehrbuch |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017712687&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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