Understanding hydrological processes in an ungauged catchment in sub-Saharan Africa:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden
CRC Press, Balkema
2009
|
| Schriftenreihe: | A Balkema book
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 130 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Understanding hydrological processes in an ungauged catchment in sub-Saharan Africa |c by Margaretha Louise Mul |
| 264 | 1 | |a Leiden |b CRC Press, Balkema |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 130 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Understanding Hydrological Processes
xiii
Table of Content
Abstract
v
Acknowledgement
vii
Preface
viii
List of Symbols
ix
List of Acronyms
xii
Table of Content
xiii
Chapter
1
Introduction
1
1.1
Background
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2
Impact of Land Use and Management
----------------------------------------------2
1.3
Hydrological Process Understanding
------------------------------------------------6
1.4
Hydrological Modelling
----------------------------------------------------------------8
1.5
Objectives
------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
Chapter
2
Study Area
11
2.1
Pangani River Basin
------------------------------------------------------------------11
2.2
South Pare Mountains
----------------------------------------------------------------13
2.2.1
Geology
...............................................................................................14
2.2.2
Rainfall
...............................................................................................15
2.2.3
Agricultural water use
........................................................................20
2.2.4
Runoff
.................................................................................................20
Chapter
3
Weather and Climate
23
3.1
Rainfall
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
3.2
Spatial Rainfall Variability
----------------------------------------------------------32
3.3
Potential Evaporation
----------------------------------------------------------------35
3.4
Potential Transpiration versus Rainfall
--------------------------------------------38
Chapter
4
Investigation of Flow Systems
39
4.1
Hydrochemical Mapping
-------------------------------------------------------------39
4.1.1
Water Quality of Springs
....................................................................40
4.1.2
Comparison of Dry versus Wet Conditions
.........................................43
4.2
Geophysical Investigations
-----------------------------------------------------------45
4.2.1
Site I: Highlands
.................................................................................46
4.2.2
Site II: Kilenga Spring
........................................................................46
4.2.3
Site III: Valley Cross Section
..............................................................48
4.2.4
Site IV: Stream Bed
............................................................................49
4.2.5
Auger Wells
........................................................................................49
4.3
Spring Types
---------------------------------------------------------------------------50
4.4
Synthesis: Groundwater Flow Systems in the Makanya Catchment
-----------51
XIV
4.5
Base flow fluctuations
-----------------------------------------------------------------52
4.5.1
Observations
.......................................................................................53
4.6
Conclusion
------------------------------------------------------------------------------57
Chapter
5
Investigation of Hydrological Events
59
5.1 Hydrograph
Separation using Hydrochemical Tracers
---------------------------59
5.1.1 9
November Event
..............................................................................60
5.1.2 5
December Event
...............................................................................64
5.1.3
Discussion
...........................................................................................67
5.2
Spatial Rainfall Variability and Runoff Response during an Extreme Event
68
5.2.1
Rainfall
...............................................................................................68
5.2.2
Runoff
.................................................................................................70
5.2.3
Water Quality
.....................................................................................76
5.2.4
Conclusions
.........................................................................................78
Chapter
6
Hydrological Modelling
81
6.1
Observations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------81
6.2
Methodology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------86
6.3
Model Description
---------------------------------------------------------------------87
6.4
Optimisation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------89
6.5
Results
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------90
6.6
Conclusions
------------------------------------------------------------------------------92
Chapter
7
Sharing Water
95
7.1
Water Allocation Practices
-----------------------------------------------------------95
7.2
agricultural Water Users in Makanya Catchment
---------------------------------96
7.2.1
Manoo Furrow System
........................................................................97
7.2.2
Makanya Spate-irrigation System
.....................................................102
7.3
Water Sharing between Users of Adjacent Furrows
-----------------------------104
7.4
Water Allocation between Neighbouring Villages
--------------------------------105
7.4.1
Agreement between Ndolwa and
Bangalala
......................................105
7.4.2
Agreement between Vudee and
Bangalala
........................................106
7.5
Water Sharing between Distant Villages
------------------------------------------107
7.6
Discussion and Concluding Remarks
-----------------------------------------------109
Chapter
8
Syntheses and Conclusions 111
8.1
Farming Adaptation to Climatological, Hydrological and Bio-physical
Constraints
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
111
8.2
Hydrological Process Understanding and Modelling
----------------------------112
8.3
Impact of farming activities on hydrology
----------------------------------------114
References
117
Samenvatting
127
About the Author
130
Ungauged catchments can be found in many parts of the world, but
particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Information collected in a gauged
catchment and its
regionalisation
to ungauged areas is crucial for
water resources assessment. Especially, farmers in semi-arid areas
are in need of such information. Inter and Intra-seasonal rainfall
variability is large in these areas, and farmers depend more and
more on additional surface and groundwater resources for their
crop production. As a result, understanding the key-hydrological
processes, and determination of the frequencies and magnitudes
of stream flows, is very important for local food production. This is
particularly true for the ungauged Makanya catchment in Tanzania,
which is the subject of this study.
In the absence of long-term hydrological data, hydrological processes
have been studied through a multi-method approach. Regular
rainfall and runoff measurement devices were installed in a nested
catchment approach. High spatial and temporal resolution data have
been collected over a period of
2
years to capture all the hydrological
processes. Spring samples have been taken to identify groundwater
flow systems.
Hydrograph
separation with hydro-chemical data
has been performed to identify and quantify the origins and flow
pathways of the water during flood flows. Electrical resistivity
tomography
(ERT)
has been used to map the subsurface structure at
selected sites. Finally, a conceptual model has been developed to test
the hypothesised conceptualisation of the flow paths.
|
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| spelling | Mul, Margaretha Louise Verfasser aut Understanding hydrological processes in an ungauged catchment in sub-Saharan Africa by Margaretha Louise Mul Leiden CRC Press, Balkema 2009 XIV, 130 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier A Balkema book Zugl.: Delft, Univ., Diss., 2009 Hydrologic cycle / Tanzania Precipitation gauges / Tanzania Water-supply / Tanzania Hydrologic cycle Tanzania Precipitation gauges Tanzania Water-supply Tanzania Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 gnd rswk-swf Wasserkreislauf (DE-588)4189218-5 gnd rswk-swf Tansania (DE-588)4078149-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Tansania (DE-588)4078149-5 g Wasserkreislauf (DE-588)4189218-5 s DE-604 Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 s Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017705989&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017705989&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Mul, Margaretha Louise Understanding hydrological processes in an ungauged catchment in sub-Saharan Africa Hydrologic cycle / Tanzania Precipitation gauges / Tanzania Water-supply / Tanzania Hydrologic cycle Tanzania Precipitation gauges Tanzania Water-supply Tanzania Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 gnd Wasserkreislauf (DE-588)4189218-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4064811-4 (DE-588)4189218-5 (DE-588)4078149-5 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Understanding hydrological processes in an ungauged catchment in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_auth | Understanding hydrological processes in an ungauged catchment in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_exact_search | Understanding hydrological processes in an ungauged catchment in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_full | Understanding hydrological processes in an ungauged catchment in sub-Saharan Africa by Margaretha Louise Mul |
| title_fullStr | Understanding hydrological processes in an ungauged catchment in sub-Saharan Africa by Margaretha Louise Mul |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding hydrological processes in an ungauged catchment in sub-Saharan Africa by Margaretha Louise Mul |
| title_short | Understanding hydrological processes in an ungauged catchment in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_sort | understanding hydrological processes in an ungauged catchment in sub saharan africa |
| topic | Hydrologic cycle / Tanzania Precipitation gauges / Tanzania Water-supply / Tanzania Hydrologic cycle Tanzania Precipitation gauges Tanzania Water-supply Tanzania Wasserversorgung (DE-588)4064811-4 gnd Wasserkreislauf (DE-588)4189218-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Hydrologic cycle / Tanzania Precipitation gauges / Tanzania Water-supply / Tanzania Hydrologic cycle Tanzania Precipitation gauges Tanzania Water-supply Tanzania Wasserversorgung Wasserkreislauf Tansania Hochschulschrift |
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