Guidelines for safe and reliable instrumented protective systems:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Hoboken, NJ
Wiley-Interscience
2007
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Cover Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 405 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780471979401 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
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| 008 | 090722s2007 ad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
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| 024 | 3 | |a 9780471979401 | |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Guidelines for safe and reliable instrumented protective systems |c Center for Chemical Process Safety |
| 264 | 1 | |a Hoboken, NJ |b Wiley-Interscience |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 405 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemical process control | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemical processes - Safety measures | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemische Industrie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Measuring instruments - Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Process control - Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Prozessüberwachung | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sicherheitstechnik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Measuring instruments |v Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Process control |v Handbooks, manuals, etc | |
| 710 | 2 | |a American Institute of Chemical Engineers |b Center for Chemical Process Safety |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)5046408-5 |4 oth | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017695800 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804139321847971840 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
vii
PREFACE
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
xix
LIST OF TABLES
xxiii
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
Purpose
3
1.2
Target Audience
5
1.3
Book Road Map
8
1.4
Management Commitment
9
PLANNING
11
2.1
Protective Management System Lifecycle
14
2.2
Why It Makes Good Business Sense
19
2.3
Documentation
20
2.4
Good Engineering Practices
24
2.4.1
Conformance
25
2.4.2
Application-Specific Practices
26
2.4.3
SIS Good Engineering Practices
27
2.4.4
ISA 84.01/IEC
61511
Overview
28
2.5
Key Management System Elements
34
2.5.1
Staffing
34
2.5.2
Responsibility and Competence
35
2.5.3
Independent Review
36
2.6
Special Topics
43
2.6.1
Non-safety Risks
43
2.6.2
Lifecycle Costs
44
2.6.3
Managing Organization Changes
44
xi
xii
Table
of
Contents
2.6.4
IPS Classification
45
2.6.5
Existing SIS 46
RISK ASSESSMENT
49
3.1
Intended Audience
52
3.2
Input Information
52
3.3
Basic Work Process
56
3.4
Output Documentation
63
3.5
Key Management System Elements
65
3.5.1
Risk Criteria
65
3.5.2
Screen Hazardous Events
69
3.5.3
Evaluate Consequence Severity
72
3.5.4
Evaluate Initiating Event Frequency
74
3.5.5
Identify Protective Functions
75
3.5.6
Conceptual Allocation
76
3.6
Special Topics
80
3.6.1
Develop Risk Reduction Strategy
80
3.6.2
Mitigated Versus Unmitigated Risk
82
3.6.3
Identify Non-Protective Actions
83
DESIGN
85
4.1
Intended Audience
88
4.2
Input Information
89
4.3
Basic Work Process
90
4.4
Output Documentation
93
4.5
Process Requirements
95
4.5.1
Operability
Requirements
97
4.5.2
Functionality Requirements
99
4.5.3
Reliability Requirements
105
4.5.4
Maintainability Requirements
106
4.5.5
Classify Remaining Functions
107
4.5.6
Verify Process Requirements
107
Guidelines for Safe and Reliable IPS
xiii
4.6
I&E Requirements
107
4.6.1
Identity Good Engineering Practices
110
4.6.2
Physically Allocate IPF
110
4.6.3
Architecture
116
4.6.4
Fault Detection Strategy
130
4.6.5
Operator Interface
137
4.6.6
Independence and Common Cause
143
4.6.7
Cost-Benefit Analysis
144
4.6.8
Risk Reduction and
STR
Verification
145
4.6.9
Verify the I&E Requirements
146
4.7
Functional Assessment
147
4.8
Key Management System Elements
148
4.8.1
Technical Practices
148
4.8.2
Approved Equipment List
149
4.9
Special Topics
151
4.9.1
Independence Evaluation
151
4.9.2
Continuous and Demand Mode Operation
152
ENGINEERING, INSTALLATION, COMMISSIONING
AND VALIDATION
155
5.1
Intended Audience
157
5.2
Input Information
158
5.3
Basic Work Process
159
5.4
Output Documentation
163
5.5
Hardware
164
5.5.1
Application Requirements
164
5.5.2
Field Device Specification
165
5.5.3
Logic Solver Specification
166
5.5.4
Operator Interface Specification
169
5.5.5
Response Time
171
5.6
Software
173
xiv Table of Contents
5.6.1
Software Specification
174
5.6.2
Utility Software Selection
175
5.6.3
Software Language Selection
176
5.6.4
Application Program Development
177
5.6.5
Managing Changes
180
5.7
Factory Acceptance Test
180
5.7.1
FAT Procedure
181
5.7.2
Deficiency Tracking
183
5.7.3
Test Documentation
183
5.8
Installation Plans
184
5.9
Commissioning Plans
185
5.9.1
Commissioning Sequence
187
5.9.2
Commissioning Activity Follow-up
189
5.10
Verify Operator And External Interfaces
190
5.11
Validation
191
5.11.1
Loop checks
191
5.11.2
Site Acceptance Test
192
5.11.3
Start-up Procedures
194
5.11.4
Hot Cutover
195
5.11.5
Pre-Startup Safety Review
195
5.12
Management Of Change
196
OPERATIONAL AND MECHANICAL INTEGRITY
197
6.1
Intended Audience
198
6.2
Input Information
199
6.3
Basic Work Process
199
6.3.1
Developing IPS Procedures
201
6.3.2
Auditing IPS Procedures
204
6.3.3
Revising IPS Procedures
204
6.4
Output Documentation
204
6.5
Operating Procedures
206
Guidelines for Safe and Reliable IPS x
6.5.1
Operator Response to Hazardous Events
207
6.5.2
Operator Response to Failure
208
6.5.3
Compensating Measures and MTTR
208
6.6
Bypass Management Procedure
209
6.7
Maintenance Procedures
210
6.8
Training
212
6.8.1
Operations
213
6.8.2
Maintenance
214
6.8.3
Engineering
214
6.8.4
Auditing
214
6.9
Managing Changes
215
6.9.1
Access Security
216
6.9.2
Management of Change
216
6.9.3
Hardware Configuration Management
217
6.9.4
Embedded Software Management
218
6.9.5
Application Program Management
218
6.9.6
Decommissioning
219
6.10
Monitoring Performance
220
6.10.1
Process Demands
220
6.10.2
Detected Faults
221
6.10.3
Dangerous Failures
221
6.10.4
Spurious Operation
222
6.10.5
Personnel conformance to work practices
223
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT
225
7.1
Intended Audience
227
7.2
Input Information
228
7.3
Basic Work Process
231
7.3.1
Understanding History
232
7.3.2
Benchmarking Current Status
233
7.3.3
Defining Gaps
233
xvj Table of
Contents
7.4
Output Documentation
235
7.5
Determining Path Forward
236
DEFINITIONS
239
PROTECTION LAYERS
267
B.
1
Inherently Safer Design
269
B.2 Control
271
B.2.1 Control Function
272
B.2.2 Protective Function
275
B.3 Supervisory
276
B.3.1 Operator Activities
277
B.3.2 Operator Alarms with Response
279
B.3.3 Instrumented Systems
284
B.4 Preventive
284
B.4.1 Instrumented Systems
285
B.5
Mitigative
287
B.5.1 Mechanical Equipment
287
B.5.2 Instrumented Systems
289
B.6 Barriers
294
B.7 Limitation
295
B.8 Response
299
CORE ATTRIBUTES
301
C.I Independence
301
C.2 Functionality
303
C.3 Integrity
304
C.4 Reliability
305
C.5 Auditability
306
C.6 Access Security
306
C.7 Management Of Change
309
UNDERSTANDING FAILURE
3
11
D.
1
Caution-It s A Benchmark
3
1
3
Guidelines for Safe and Reliable IPS
xvii
D.2 A Bathtub Viewpoint
314
D.3 Failure Types
3 ] 7
D.3.1 Random failures
318
D.3.2 Systematic failures
319
D.3.3 Common Cause Failures
322
D.4 Failure Classification
325
D.4.1 Safe and Dangerous Failures
326
D.4.2 Detected and Undetected Failures
328
D.5 IPF Performance Metrics
330
D.5.1 Failure Rate
331
D.5.2 Instantaneous Probability of Failure
332
D.5.3 Average Probability of Failure on Demand
335
D.5.4 Beta Factor
338
D.6 Spurious Trip Rate
338
D.7 Example Application
340
PROCESS EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY DATABASE
343
USER APPROVED EQUIPMENT AND PRACTICES
347
F.I User Approved
347
F.
1.1
Operating environment
350
F.I.I Analysis and Testing
350
F.
1.3
Prior Use History
352
F.2 Evolution Of Plant Automation
355
F.2.1 Basic Process Control System
357
F.2.2 Safety Instrumented System
357
F.2.3 Future Technology
359
F.3 Logic Solver Considerations
360
F.3.1 Technologies
360
F.3.2 Electrical Systems
361
F.3.3 Electronic Systems
362
F.3.4 Programmable Electronic System
363
xviii
Table of Contents
F.3.5 Logic Solver Separation
364
F.4 Field Device Considerations
366
F.4.1 Separation
367
F.4.2 Inputs
368
F.4.3 Final Elements
371
F.5 Utilities
373
F.5.1 Instrument air
374
F.5.2 Power
375
F.6 Wiring Practices
379
F.7 Communications And Interconnectivity
381
F.8 Prescriptive Designs
383
F.8.1
SIL
1 384
F.8.2
SIL
2 384
F.8.3
SIL
3 385
REFERENCES
387
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
393
INDEX
396
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| spelling | Guidelines for safe and reliable instrumented protective systems Center for Chemical Process Safety Hoboken, NJ Wiley-Interscience 2007 XXIII, 405 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Chemical process control Chemical processes - Safety measures Chemische Industrie Measuring instruments - Handbooks, manuals, etc Process control - Handbooks, manuals, etc Prozessüberwachung Sicherheitstechnik Measuring instruments Handbooks, manuals, etc Process control Handbooks, manuals, etc American Institute of Chemical Engineers Center for Chemical Process Safety Sonstige (DE-588)5046408-5 oth DE-576;wiley image/jpeg http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz271696222cov.htm 20090327012518 Cover Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017695800&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Guidelines for safe and reliable instrumented protective systems Chemical process control Chemical processes - Safety measures Chemische Industrie Measuring instruments - Handbooks, manuals, etc Process control - Handbooks, manuals, etc Prozessüberwachung Sicherheitstechnik Measuring instruments Handbooks, manuals, etc Process control Handbooks, manuals, etc |
| title | Guidelines for safe and reliable instrumented protective systems |
| title_auth | Guidelines for safe and reliable instrumented protective systems |
| title_exact_search | Guidelines for safe and reliable instrumented protective systems |
| title_full | Guidelines for safe and reliable instrumented protective systems Center for Chemical Process Safety |
| title_fullStr | Guidelines for safe and reliable instrumented protective systems Center for Chemical Process Safety |
| title_full_unstemmed | Guidelines for safe and reliable instrumented protective systems Center for Chemical Process Safety |
| title_short | Guidelines for safe and reliable instrumented protective systems |
| title_sort | guidelines for safe and reliable instrumented protective systems |
| topic | Chemical process control Chemical processes - Safety measures Chemische Industrie Measuring instruments - Handbooks, manuals, etc Process control - Handbooks, manuals, etc Prozessüberwachung Sicherheitstechnik Measuring instruments Handbooks, manuals, etc Process control Handbooks, manuals, etc |
| topic_facet | Chemical process control Chemical processes - Safety measures Chemische Industrie Measuring instruments - Handbooks, manuals, etc Process control - Handbooks, manuals, etc Prozessüberwachung Sicherheitstechnik Measuring instruments Handbooks, manuals, etc Process control Handbooks, manuals, etc |
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