Geoarchaeology of Lebanon's ancient harbours:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Archaeopress
2009
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| Schriftenreihe: | British archaeological reports / International series
1953 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VII, 307 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9781407304366 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF LEBANON'S ANCIENT HARBOURS CONTENTS CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1 - GEOSCIENCE OF ANCIENT
MEDITERRANEAN HARBOURS 3 1.1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF
RESEARCH 4 1.2.1 ANCIENT HARBOUR RESEARCH IN ARCHAEOLOGY 4 1.2.1.1 EARLY
TRAVELLERS AND SAVANTS (SEVENTEENTH TO NINETEENTH CENTURIES) 4 1.2.1.2
PRE-WORLD WAR II - THE BEGINNINGS OF UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY 6 1.2.1.3
POST-WAR PERIOD 7 1.2.2 HISTORY OF ANCIENT HARBOUR GEOARCHAEOLOGY 8 1.3
DEFINING ANCIENT HARBOURS 10 1.3.1 THE BASIN CONTAINER 10 1.3.2 THE
SEDIMENTARY CONTENTS 11 1.3.3 THE WATER COLUMN 11 1.4 ANCIENT HARBOUR
TYPOLOGY 12 1.4.1 UNSTABLE COASTS 14 1.4.1.1 SUBMERGED HARBOURS 14
1.4.1.2 UPLIFTED SITES 17 1.4.2 BURIED HARBOURS 18 1.4.2.1 BURIED URBAN
HARBOURS 19 1.4.2.2 BURIED LANDLOCKED HARBOURS 21 1.4.2.3 BURIED FLUVIAL
HARBOURS 24 1.4.2.4 BURIED LAGOONAL HARBOURS 26 1.4.2.5 ERODED HARBOURS
26 1.5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 27 1.5.1 FIELD TECHNIQUES 27 1.5.1.1
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL SURVEYING 27 GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF LEBANON'S ANCIENT
HARBOURS - CONTENTS 1.5.1.2 GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYING 29 1.5.1.3 COASTAL
STRATIGRAPHY 30 1.5.2 LABORATORY TECHNIQUES 30 1.5.2.1 SEDIMENTOLOGY 30
1.5.2.1.1 COLOUR 30 1.5.2.1.2 SEDIMENT TEXTURE AND GRANULOMETRY 30
1.5.2.1.3 EXOSCOPIC INDICATORS 32 1.5.2.2 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 33 1.5.2.2.1
MALACOLOGY 33 1.5.2.2.2 OSTRACODS 33 1.5.2.2.3 FORAMINIFERA 35 1.5.2.2.4
DIATOMS 35 1.5.2.2.5 PALYNOLOGY 35 1.5.3 GEOCHEMISTRY 36 1.6. THE
ANCIENT HARBOUR: STRATIGRAPHY AND GEOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES 37 1.6.1 BASIC
PRINCIPLES 39 1.6.2 KEY FACIES BELTS AND SEQUENCE BOUNDARIES 39 1.6.3
ANCIENT HARBOUR STRATIGRAPHY: A GEOLOGICAL PARADOX? 42 1.7 THE ANCIENT
HARBOUR: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARADIGM? 43 1.7.1 LOGISTIC DIFFICULTIES OF
EXCAVATING IN HEAVILY URBAN CONTEXTS 44 1.7.2 DIFFICULT WORKING
CONDITIONS BELOW THE WATER TABLE 44 1.7.3 HIGH-RESOLUTION ARCHAEOLOGICAL
DATA 44 1.7.4 SEA-LEVEL STUDIES 44 1.7.5 LONG-TERM ARCHIVES OF
ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS 45 1.7.6 CULTURAL HERITAGES 45 1.8 CONCLUDING
REMARKS 47 CHAPTER 2 - ALEXANDER THE GREAT'S ISTHMUS AT TYRE GEOLOGICAL
HERITAGE VS. PLURI-MILLENNIAL ANTHROPOGENIC FORCING 49 2.1 INTRODUCTION
50 2.2 METEO-MARINE AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CONTEXTS 53 2.3 METHODS AND
DATA ACQUISITION 57 2.3.1 FIELD DATA ACQUISITION 57 2.3.2 STRATIGRAPHY
AND SEDIMENTOLOGY 57 II GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF LEBANON'S ANCIENT HARBOURS -
CONTENTS 2.3.3 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 58 2.3.4 CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY 58 2.3.5
NUMERICAL MODELS 58 2.3.5.1 WIND INDUCED CURRENTS MODEL AND SEDIMENT
RESUSPENSION 59 2.3.5.1.1 THE WIND INDUCED CURRENTS MODEL 59 2.3.5.1.2
THE SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION MODEL 59 2.3.5.2 SWELL PROPAGATION AND
DIFFRACTION MODEL 59 2.4 MODEL RESULTS 59 2.4.1 WIND INDUCED CURRENTS
AND SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION MODELS 59 2.4.1.1 WIND-INDUCED CURRENTS 59
2.4.1.2 WIND INDUCED BOTTOM TENSIONS 61 2.4.1.3 WAVE HEIGHTS 61 2.4.1.4
SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION 61 2.4.2 SWELL PROPAGATION AND DIFFRACTION MODEL
65 2.4.3 MODELLING DATA CONCLUSIONS 65 2.5 CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC RESULTS
73 2.5.1 CORE TXVIII EL BASS/MASHUK SALIENT BASE: DESCRIPTION 73 2.5.2
CORE TXIII: DESCRIPTION 74 2.5.3 CORE TXIV: DESCRIPTION 78 2.5.4 CORE
TXV: DESCRIPTION 81 2.6 DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATIONS 84 2.6.1
TRIPARTITE MODEL OF TOMBOLO MORPHOGENESIS 85 2.6.1.1 ORIGIN AND
DEVELOPMENT - EARLY HOLOCENE TRANSGRESSION 85 2.6.1.2 PRE-HELLENISTIC
PROTO-TOMBOLO PHASE 95 2.6.1.3 ANTHROPOGENIC FORCING - CAUSEWAY IMPACTS
96 2.6.2 TYRE VS. ALEXANDRIA 97 2.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS 101 CHAPTER 3 -
GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF TYRE'S ANCIENT HARBOURS 103 3.1 IN SEARCH OF TYRE'S
NORTHERN HARBOUR: GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT 104 3.2 METHODS 105 3.3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 105 3.3.1 WHERE WAS THE ANCIENT NORTHERN HARBOUR?
105 3.3.2 WHEN AND HOW DID THE NORTHERN SEAPORT EVOLVE? 113 III
GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF LEBANON'S ANCIENT HARBOURS - CONTENTS 3.3.2.1 MAXIMUM
FLOODING SURFACE AND SHELTERED LAGOON ENVIRONMENT (-8000 TO -6000 YEARS
BP) 113 3.3.2.2 POCKET BEACH UNIT AND BRONZE AGE PROTO-HARBOUR 113
3.3.2.3 PHOENICIAN AND PERSIAN PERIODS: ARCHIVELESS HARBOUR 130 3.3.2.4
GRAECO-ROMAN HARBOUR 131 3.3.2.5 BYZANTINE HARBOUR 132 3.3.2.6
SEMI-ABANDONMENT PHASE: SIXTH TO EIGHTH CENTURIES AD 132 3.3.2.7 ROMAN
AND BYZANTINE DREDGING 134 3.3.2.7.1 DREDGING EVIDENCE AT MARSEILLES 134
3.3.2.7.2 DREDGING EVIDENCE AT NAPLES 135 3.3.2.7.3 HOW? ARCHAEOLOGICAL
INSIGHTS INTO DREDGING TECHNOLOGY 136 3.4 IN SEARCH OF TYRE'S SOUTHERN
HARBOUR 136 3.4.1 WHAT IS THE EPIGRAPHIC AND ICONOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FOR
TWO HARBOURS AT TYRE? 137 3.4.2 POIDEBARD'S SOUTHERN HARBOUR 137 3.4.3
REINTERPRETATION OF TYRE'S SUPPOSED SOUTHERN HARBOUR 139 3.4.3.1 POLDER
SURFACE (UNIT C) 139 3.4.3.2 DREDGED IRON AGE HARBOUR DEPOSITS (UNIT B)?
146 3.4.3.3 PRESENT MARINE BOTTOM (UNIT A) 147 3.5 WHERE WAS TYRE'S
SOUTHERN HARBOUR? 147 3.5.1 NUMERICAL CURRENT MODELS: WHAT CAN THEY TELL
US ABOUT TYRIAN ANCHORAGES IN ANTIQUITY? . 147 3.5.2 WHAT CAN COASTAL
STRATIGRAPHY TELL US ABOUT TYRE'S SOUTHERN HARBOUR? 148 3.5.2.1 RENAN'S
SOUTHEASTERN HARBOUR 148 3.5.2.1.1 TVIII MARINE TRANSGRESSION 148
3.5.2.1.2 LOW ENERGY MARINE ENVIRONMENT 152 3.5.2.1.3 INFILL PHASES 152
3.5.2.2 WHAT CAN WE SAY ABOUT THE LOCATION OF A SOUTHERN HARBOUR AT
TYRE? 152 3.6 SATELLITE ANCHORAGES 152 3.6.1 TYRE'S OUTER HARBOURS 152
3.6.2 CONTINENTAL HARBOURS 153 3.6.2.1 TELL MASHUK AND A POSSIBLE
LAGOONAL HARBOUR 154 3.6.2.2 TELL CHAWAKIR 154 3.6.2.3 TELL RACHIDIYE
155 3.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS 156 IV GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF LEBANON'S ANCIENT
HARBOURS - CONTENTS CHAPTER 4 - GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF SIDON'S ANCIENT
HARBOURS 159 4.1 INTRODUCTION 160 4.2 SIDON'S MARITIME FACADE:
GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT 163 4.3 METHODS AND DATA ACQUISITION 164 4.4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 164 4.4.1 WHERE WAS SIDON'S ANCIENT NORTHERN
HARBOUR? 164 4.4.2 WHEN AND HOW DID SIDON'S NORTHERN SEAPORT EVOLVE? 167
4.4.2.1 TRANSGRESSIVE UNIT 167 4.4.2.2 POCKET BEACH/BRONZE AGE
PROTO-HARBOUR 168 4.4.2.3 SEMI-ARTIFICIAL BRONZE AGE COVE 177 4.4.2.4
CLOSED IRON AGE TO ROMAN HARBOURS 179 4.4.2.5 CLOSED LATE ROMAN AND
EARLY BYZANTINE HARBOURS 180 4.4.2.6 EXPOSED ISLAMIC HARBOUR 182 4.4.3
WHEN AND HOW DID SIDON'S SOUTHERN COVE EVOLVE? 185 4.4.3.1 HOLOCENE
TRANSGRESSION 185 4.4.3.2 BRONZE AGE POCKET BEACH 185 4.4.3.3 PROGRADING
SHORELINE 185 4.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 186 CHAPTER 5 - GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF
BEIRUT'S ANCIENT HARBOUR 187 5.1 INTRODUCTION 188 5.2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CONTEXTS 188 5.3 METHODS AND DATA ACQUISITION 193 5.4
WHERE WAS BEIRUT'S ANCIENT HARBOUR? 193 5.5 WHEN AND HOW DID BEIRUT'S
ANCIENT HARBOUR EVOLVE? 199 5.5.1 EARLY TO MID-HOLOCENE LOW ENERGY
LAGOON 199 5.5.2 POCKET BEACH/BRONZE AGE PROTO-HARBOUR 199 5.5.3 CLOSED
IRON AGE (?) TO ROMAN/BYZANTINE HARBOURS 209 5.5.4 CLOSED LATE ROMAN AND
EARLY BYZANTINE HARBOURS 211 5.5.5 ISLAMIC AND MEDIEVAL HARBOURS 211 5.6
CONCLUDING REMARKS 212 CHAPTER 6 - BEIRUT, SIDON AND TYRE: 5000 YEARS OF
HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS 215 6.1 WHAT ARE THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN
PHOENICIA'S HARBOURS? 216 V GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF LEBANON'S ANCIENT HARBOURS
- CONTENTS 6.1.1 BRONZE AGE PROTO-HARBOURS 216 6.1.2 ARTIFICIAL IRON AGE
TO ROMAN HARBOURS 218 6.1.3 LATE ROMAN/BYZANTINE APOGEE 220 6.1.4
ISLAMIC AND MEDIEVAL HARBOURS: TRANSFORMATION OR DECLINE? 220 6.1.4.1
HISTORICAL 220 6.1.4.2 TECTONIC 221 6.1.4.2.1 REGIONAL SHORELINE
DEFORMATIONS DURING THE LATE ROMAN PERIOD 221 6.1.4.3 TSUNAMOGENIC 226
6.1.4.4 CLIMATIC 226 6.1.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 227 6.2 SEDIMENT SOURCES
229 6.2.1 DATA ACQUISITION 235 6.2.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 235 6.2.2.1
LITANI AND TYRE DATA 235 6.2.2.2 REGIONAL NILE-LEVANT PATTERNS 238 6.2.3
CONCLUDING REMARKS 245 6.3 GEOCHEMISTRY 246 6.3.2 WHAT CAN GEOCHEMISTRY
TELL US ABOUT THE OCCUPATION HISTORY OF SIDON? 247 6.3.3 COMPARISON WITH
ALEXANDRIA 248 6.3.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 250 6.4 PRESERVING LEBANON'S
COASTAL HERITAGE 251 6.4.1 MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE 252 6.4.2 WRECKS 253
6.4.3 SUBMERGED LANDSCAPES 254 6.4.5 PHOENICIA'S CHANGING COASTLINE 255
6.4.5 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE EXHIBITION OF PHOENICIA'S ARCHAEOLOGICAL
HERITAGE 255 6.4.5.1 LAND BASED 255 6.4.5.2 MARINE BASED 256 6.4.6
CONCLUDING REMARKS 257 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH AVENUES 259
REFERENCES 263 VI |
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| dewey-tens | 930 - History of ancient world to ca. 499 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 3000 v. Chr.-1500 gnd |
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| geographic | Lebanon Antiquities Libanon (DE-588)4035567-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Lebanon Antiquities Libanon |
| id | DE-604.BV035630595 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-19T11:06:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781407304366 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017685556 |
| oclc_num | 423366034 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | VII, 307 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| psigel | gbd_4_1007 |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Archaeopress |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | British archaeological reports / International series |
| spelling | Marriner, Nick 1979- Verfasser (DE-588)13868362X aut Geoarchaeology of Lebanon's ancient harbours Nick Marriner Oxford [u.a.] Archaeopress 2009 VII, 307 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier British archaeological reports / International series 1953 Geschichte 3000 v. Chr.-1500 gnd rswk-swf Funde Archaeological geology Lebanon Excavations (Archaeology) Lebanon Harbors Lebanon Antiquities Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Hafen (DE-588)4022859-9 gnd rswk-swf Lebanon Antiquities Libanon (DE-588)4035567-6 gnd rswk-swf Häfen, archäologisch (DE-2581)TH000008064 gbd Libanon (DE-588)4035567-6 g Hafen (DE-588)4022859-9 s Geschichte 3000 v. Chr.-1500 z Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s DE-604 International series British archaeological reports 1953 (DE-604)BV023549802 1953 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017685556&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Marriner, Nick 1979- Geoarchaeology of Lebanon's ancient harbours Funde Archaeological geology Lebanon Excavations (Archaeology) Lebanon Harbors Lebanon Antiquities Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Hafen (DE-588)4022859-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4022859-9 (DE-588)4035567-6 |
| title | Geoarchaeology of Lebanon's ancient harbours |
| title_auth | Geoarchaeology of Lebanon's ancient harbours |
| title_exact_search | Geoarchaeology of Lebanon's ancient harbours |
| title_full | Geoarchaeology of Lebanon's ancient harbours Nick Marriner |
| title_fullStr | Geoarchaeology of Lebanon's ancient harbours Nick Marriner |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geoarchaeology of Lebanon's ancient harbours Nick Marriner |
| title_short | Geoarchaeology of Lebanon's ancient harbours |
| title_sort | geoarchaeology of lebanon s ancient harbours |
| topic | Funde Archaeological geology Lebanon Excavations (Archaeology) Lebanon Harbors Lebanon Antiquities Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Hafen (DE-588)4022859-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funde Archaeological geology Lebanon Excavations (Archaeology) Lebanon Harbors Lebanon Antiquities Ausgrabung Hafen Lebanon Antiquities Libanon |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017685556&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV023549802 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marrinernick geoarchaeologyoflebanonsancientharbours |