Crkvene i političke prilike u doba velikog raskola 1054. godine:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Beograd
Hrišćanski Kulturni Centar
2008
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 307 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788685273148 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Crkvene i političke prilike u doba velikog raskola 1054. godine |c Vladislav Puzović |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804139304335704064 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | САДРЖАЈ
Реч унапред
..............................................7
Увод
....................................................9
I.
ИСТОЧНО И ЗАПАДНО
ХРИШЋАНСТВО
У ПРВИХ
ДЕСЕТ ВЕКОВА
-
ИЗМЕЂУ ЈЕДИНСТВА
И ДЕОБЕ
..............17
П. ИСТОК И ЗАПАД У
ПРВОЈ
ПОЛОВИНИ
XI
ВЕКА
................29
1.
Црквене и политичке прилике у
Византији
(1000-1042).. 29
2.
Епоха
Константинопољског патријарха
Михаила
Кируларија
(1043-1058)
и цара Константина
IX
Мономаха
(1042-1055).............................38
3.
Црквене и политичке прилике на Западу
(1000-1049).... 45
4.
Римска црква
под управом папе Лава
IX
(1049-1054).... 50
III.
НАПУТУ КАРАСКОЛУ
.......................................55
1.
Спорна
питања грчког
и латинског
хришћанства
(1000-1053)...........................55
2.
Јужна Италија
и норманско питанье
...................61
IV.
ЗАОШТРАВАЊЕ
ЦРКВЕНЕ КРИЗЕ
(1053-1054)...................73
1.
Писмо
архиепископа Охридског Лава епископу
Транијском Јовану.................................
73
2.
Одговор Римске цркве
-
писмо
папе Лава
IX
Константинопољском патријарху
Михаилу
............81
3.
Антиохијска патријаршија
и сукоб
Константинополь
и Рима
..........................100
4.
Покушај приближавања
Римске
и
Константинопољске
цркве
........................124
V.
ВРХУНАЦ КРИЗЕ
-
ПАПСКИ
ЛЕГАТИ
У
КОНСТАНТИНОПОЉУ
....................................139
1.
Папски изасланици
-
легати
........................139
2.
Легати у
Константинопољу
-
сусрет
с
царем
и
патријархом ............................
147
3.
Сукоб кардинала
Хумберта и
монаха
Никите Ститата
.. 161
4.
„Концил
или
,јадни
диспут у манастиру Студион
.... 193
5.
Латинска
Грамата
екскомуникације
(Libellus excommunicationis)
........................201
6.
У вртлогу анатеме
................................209
7.
Синод
Константинопољске
цркве
-
одговор
на латинску анатему
...............................220
8.
Михайло
Константинопољски
и
Петар
Антиохијски
-
акривија
или
икономија према Латинској цркви
......224
ЗАКЉУЧАК
..................................................239
1.
Завршно
разматрање
.............................. 239
2.
Црквени историчари о Великом расколу
..............242
3.
Прилози
.........................................246
Summary
..........................................287
Скраћенице........................................
291
Извори
............................................293
Литература
........................................295
Регистар
...........................................301
О аутору
...........................................309
SUMMARY
What did actually happen in Constantinople in the summer of
1054?
How did it come about that negotiations on ecclesial reconci¬
liation and political alliance tuned into a schism? There is simple
answer. The Latin anathema and the Greek response represented
the climax to a two-year long crisis between the Churches of Con¬
stantinople and of Rome. Keeping in mind the permanent consequ¬
ences of the anathema, it is fully clear that it would be wrong to
link up these events exclusively to the ecclesial schism of
1053
and
1054.
It was really a significant historical turning point in the relati¬
ons between the two Churches.
The events from the mid-
1
1th century should be envisaged wit¬
hin the framework of a many-centuries long process of separation
between the Eastern and the Western Churches. There are three es¬
sential phases of this process. The first one is linked with the 9th
century conflict between Patriarch Photius and Pope Nicholas I. The
next phase is related to the schism of
1054,
and the concluding one
is the period of the Crusades, especially the fourth one. All the pha¬
ses were extremely dramatic, but only that of
1054
is deserving of
the name of the Great Schism. Mutual anathematization and excom¬
munication from Church communion between the highest ranking
representatives both of the Roman and the Constantinople Churches
was an event without any precedent in many aspects. The Gramma-
fa of Excommunication and the Synodal Decree became fundamen¬
tal to the schism. The errors and sins of the opposing sides, which
were enumerated in these documents, were to become the basis for
all further conflicts between Eastern and Western Christianity.
Several factors were decisive in this ecclesial conflict
(1053-
1054).
The main factor of the schism related to some disputable qu-
288
estions:
dogmatic,
ecclesiological.
liturgical, canonical ones, etc.
Incidental, and by no means less significant, factors related to the
political situation and the personal characteristics of the main pro¬
tagonists of the conflict. One has to search for the reasons for the
dramatic events of
1054
in these interwoven aspects.
The deepest theological problem was the addition ofthefilioque
clause to the Creed. Because of this, a vehement conflict had already
started between Constantinople and Rome in the 9th
С
What caused
the matter to reach a climax in the 9th C. was the official introduction
of this addition into the Creed of the Church of Rome. During the
conflict of
1053-1054
this matter allegedly took second place. This
false conclusion was supported by an abundant discussion on the azi-
ma (unleavened bread). If one analyses in more details the primary
(source) documents, one perceives that solid attention was dedica¬
ted to the question of the filioque. Both the Latin anathema and the
Synodal Response of the Church of Constantinople deal with this
subject. However, the Latin
Grommata
includes this problem along
with all other accusations at the expense of the Greeks, whereas the
filioque alone occupies a central place in the Synodal Act. Cardinal
Humbert and the Studite monk Nikitas wrote special studies dealing
with this controversial matter. And finally, Patriarch Peter III of An-
tioch, a representative of a moderate theological school, indicated
the filioque as a key cause for division in the Church. The threat that
this addition ofthefilioque would damage the dogma of the Ortho¬
dox Church on the Holy Trinity forced the most moderate represen¬
tatives of the Eastern Church to begin to defend the faith.
Another substantially controversial matter dealt with the pri¬
macy of the Roman Pope. Heterogeneous understanding of this
matter came to the fore most obviously in the summer of
1054.
Having been inspired by the forged Constance s Donations, the
Papal legates assumed the role of judges over the Greek Church..
They endeavored to impose in the Byzantine capital the primacy
that they were able only to dream of in Western Europe. It was
an attempt at a crude violation of the dignity of the Patriarchate of
Constantinople. The response of Eastern Church was to be expec¬
ted. The very nature of the Patriarch who was leading this Church
at that time, and whose pretensions sometimes remind one of those
of the Pope, contributed to the conflict assuming the dimensions of
an open schism.
289
All other controversial matters, notwithstanding to what ex¬
tent they were dealt with, had in essence a secondary character.
Nevertheless, they additionally estranged the two sides and contri¬
buted to the vehemence of the conflict. The 11th century conflict
itself did not introduce any epoch-making novelties into the contro¬
versial ecclesial matters. The majority of them had existed even
earlier. The only novelty in this dispute was the question of usage
of unleavened bread (azima) in the Latin Liturgy. For this reason
a considerable degree of attention was devoted to this matter. This
was the main theme of a letter of Leo of
Ohrid,
of the correspon¬
dence of Peter of Antioch and
Domenie
of Aquileia as well as of
the dispute between Cardinal Humbert and the monk Nikitas. Next
to the theoretical domain, the conflict continued in praxis. The ac¬
ceptance of unleavened bread in a province under the jurisdiction
of Constantinople (primarily in Southern Italy) further aggravated
the conflict.
During the conflict
(1053-1054)
ecclesial problems were lin¬
ked up with the tense political situation. The main dispute was in re¬
lation to Southern Italy. Jurisdiction over that region was disputed,
in both political and ecclesial realms. The hasty onslaught of the
Normans accelerated the crisis between Rome and Constantinople.
Attempts to implement a political and military league of Byzanti¬
um and the West were accompanied by a hasty deterioration in rela¬
tions between the Churches of Rome and Constantinople. The poli¬
tical interests of the Byzantine Court were opposed to the interests
of their own Church. This state of affairs was skillfully exploited
by the Roman Curia. Having relied on the league with the Emperor,
it made efforts to assume jurisdiction over Southern Italy and impo¬
se Papal primacy over the Patriarchate of Constantinople. One may
conclude that the matter of the ecclesial jurisdiction over Southern
Italy was a direct cause for the ecclesial schism of
1053-1054.
In order to clarify the schism from
1054
in more details one
has to keep in mind also the personal characteristics of the main pro¬
tagonists of the conflict. Pope Leo IX, Cardinal Humbert and Patri¬
arch Michael Cerularius had much in common. They were strong
and efficient personalities who had an extremely high opinion of
their own positions. A lack of flexibility and a surplus of negative
tension towards the other side were particular characteristics of
the head of the papal delegation, Humbert. His nervousness and
290
precipitance contributed a great deal to the development of the state
of affairs. Attempts by the Papal legates to judge the Patriarch of
Constantinople, Cerulalius, in the very Byzantine capital, were con¬
demned to fail. This Byzantine hierarch, who exalted the throne
more highly than any before him, was not the proper person to meet
with such behavior from the legates. Being strict, uncompromising
and exercising a great authority in the capital, Patriarch Michael
remained untouchable for the Papal envoys. They found an ally
in the person of Emperor Constance IX Monomachus. This weak,
inefficient, hesitant and often uninformed ruler, made it possible by
his actions for the events in Constantinople to be complicated to the
point of a schism. Some moderate actions from Antioch (Peter III)
and Aquileia
(Domenie)
did not substantially change the course of
events.
Problems accumulated for centuries between Eastern and We¬
stern Christianity had do escalate. The ideal opportunity for this
was a conflict between a renewed, German-reformed papacy and
the mighty and influential Church of Constantinople. Later events
contributed to the anathemas from
1054
being confirmed and made
effective.
|
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| geographic_facet | Byzantinisches Reich |
| id | DE-604.BV035629238 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:41:57Z |
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| isbn | 9788685273148 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 307 S. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Hrišćanski Kulturni Centar |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Puzović, Vladislav Verfasser aut Crkvene i političke prilike u doba velikog raskola 1054. godine Vladislav Puzović Beograd Hrišćanski Kulturni Centar 2008 307 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1000-1054 gnd rswk-swf Morgenländisches Schisma (DE-588)4130393-3 gnd rswk-swf Vorgeschichte (DE-588)4138921-9 gnd rswk-swf Byzantinisches Reich (DE-588)4009256-2 gnd rswk-swf Byzantinisches Reich (DE-588)4009256-2 g Geschichte 1000-1054 z DE-604 Morgenländisches Schisma (DE-588)4130393-3 s Vorgeschichte (DE-588)4138921-9 s Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017684223&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017684223&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Puzović, Vladislav Crkvene i političke prilike u doba velikog raskola 1054. godine Morgenländisches Schisma (DE-588)4130393-3 gnd Vorgeschichte (DE-588)4138921-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4130393-3 (DE-588)4138921-9 (DE-588)4009256-2 |
| title | Crkvene i političke prilike u doba velikog raskola 1054. godine |
| title_auth | Crkvene i političke prilike u doba velikog raskola 1054. godine |
| title_exact_search | Crkvene i političke prilike u doba velikog raskola 1054. godine |
| title_full | Crkvene i političke prilike u doba velikog raskola 1054. godine Vladislav Puzović |
| title_fullStr | Crkvene i političke prilike u doba velikog raskola 1054. godine Vladislav Puzović |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crkvene i političke prilike u doba velikog raskola 1054. godine Vladislav Puzović |
| title_short | Crkvene i političke prilike u doba velikog raskola 1054. godine |
| title_sort | crkvene i politicke prilike u doba velikog raskola 1054 godine |
| topic | Morgenländisches Schisma (DE-588)4130393-3 gnd Vorgeschichte (DE-588)4138921-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Morgenländisches Schisma Vorgeschichte Byzantinisches Reich |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017684223&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017684223&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT puzovicvladislav crkveneipolitickeprilikeudobavelikograskola1054godine |