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CRC handbook of chemistry and physics: a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data

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Weitere Verfasser:	Lide, David R. (HerausgeberIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Boca Raton, FLa. [u.a.] CRC Press 2009
Ausgabe:	90. ed.
Schlagworte:	Chemie Chemistry > Tables Physics > Tables Physik Tabelle
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	Getr. Zählung graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9781420090840

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: BASIC CONSTANTS, UNITS, AND CONVERSION FACTORS CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants .............................................................................................1-1 Standard Atomic Weights (2008)...................................................................................................................................................................1-12 Atomic Masses and Abundances ...................................................................................................................................................................1-14 Electron Configuration and Ionization Energy of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State .....................................................................1-18 International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) .....................................................................................................................................1-20 Conversion of Temperatures from the 1948 and 1968 Scales to ITS-90 ................................................................................................1-21 International System of Units (SI) ..................................................................................................................................................................1-23 Units for Magnetic Properties .......................................................................................................................................................................1-27 Conversion Factors ...........................................................................................................................................................................................1-28 Conversion of Temperatures ...........................................................................................................................................................................1-38 Conversion Factors for Energy Units ............................................................................................................................................................1-39 Conversion Factors for Pressure Units .........................................................................................................................................................1-40 Conversion Factors for Thermal Conductivity Units ................................................................................................................................1-41 Conversion Factors for Electrical Resistivity Units ....................................................................................................................................1-42 Conversion Factors for Chemical Kinetics ..................................................................................................................................................1-43 Conversion Factors for Ionizing Radiation ..................................................................................................................................................1-44 Values of the Gas Constant in Different Unit Systems ..............................................................................................................................1-46 SECTION 2: SYMBOLS, TERMINOLOGY, AND NOMENCLATURE Symbols and Terminology for Physical and Chemical Quantities ............................................................................................................2-1 Expression of Uncertainty of Measurements ...............................................................................................................................................2-13 Nomenclature for Chemical Compounds ....................................................................................................................................................2-15 Nomenclature for Inorganic Ions and Ligands ..........................................................................................................................................2-16 Organic Substituent Groups and Ring Systems ..........................................................................................................................................2-23 Representation of Chemical Structures with the IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) ..............................................2-27 Scientific Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols .....................................................................................................................................2-29 Greek, Russian, and Hebrew Alphabets ......................................................................................................................................................2-42 Definitions of Scientific Terms .......................................................................................................................................................................2-43 Thermodynamic Functions and Relations ...................................................................................................................................................2-68 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry and Physics ..................................................................................................................................................2-69 SECTION 3: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Physical Constants of Organic Compounds ..................................................................................................................................................3-1 Synonym Index of Organic Compounds ....................................................................................................................................................3-524 Molecular Formula Index of Organic Compounds ..................................................................................................................................3-549 CAS Registry Number Index of Organic Compounds ............................................................................................................................3-634 Diamagnetic Susceptibility of Selected Organic Compounds ...............................................................................................................3-672 SECTION 4: PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS The Elements ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-1 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds .............................................................................................................................................4-43 Formula Index of Inorganic Compounds .................................................................................................................................................4-102 CAS Registry Number Index of Inorganic Compounds .........................................................................................................................4-115 Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals ............................................................................................................................................4-127 Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Point Temperatures of the Elements ........................................................................................4-133 Heat Capacity of the Elements at 25 °С......................................................................................................................................................4-135 Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements — Equations ...........................................................................................................................4-136 Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements — Data ....................................................................................................................................4-138 Density of Molten Elements and Representative Salts ............................................................................................................................4-139 Magnetic Susceptibility of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds ..................................................................................................4-142 Index of Refraction of Inorganic Liquids ....................................................................................................................................................4-148 Physical and Optical Properties of Minerals ..............................................................................................................................................4-149 Crystallographic Data on Minerals ..............................................................................................................................................................4-156 SECTION 5: THERMOCHEMISTRY, ELECTROCHEMISTRY, AND KINETICS CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics ..................................................................................................................................................5-1 Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances ................................................................................................................5-4 Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature ......................................................................................................................5-43 Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Ions .............................................................................................................................................5-66 Heat of Combustion ..........................................................................................................................................................................................5-68 Energy Content of Fuels ...................................................................................................................................................................................5-69 Electrical Conductivity of Water ....................................................................................................................................................................5-70 Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions .............................................................................................................................................5-71 Standard KC1 Solutions for Calibrating Conductivity Cells .....................................................................................................................5-72 Molar Conductivity of Aqueous HF, HC1, HBr, and HI .............................................................................................................................5-73 Equivalent Conductivity of Electrolytes in Aqueous Solution .................................................................................................................5-74 Ionic Conductivity and Diffusion at Infinite Dilution ...............................................................................................................................5-75 Activity Coefficients of Acids, Bases, and Salts ..........................................................................................................................................5-78 Mean Activity Coefficients of Electrolytes as a Function of Concentration .........................................................................................5-80 Enthalpy of Dilution of Acids ..........................................................................................................................................................................5-84 Enthalpy of Solution of Electrolytes ..............................................................................................................................................................5-85 Enthalpy of Hydration of Gases ......................................................................................................................................................................5-86 Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling ...................................................................................................................................5-90 SECTION 6: FLUID PROPERTIES Thermophysical Properties of Water and Steam ..........................................................................................................................................6-1 Vapor Pressure and Other Saturation Properties of Water ........................................................................................................................6-5 Standard Density of Water ...........................................................................................................................,....................................................6-7 Fixed Point Properties of H2O and D2O ...... ....................................................................................................................................................6-9 Properties of Saturated Liquid D2O ...............................................................................................................................................................6-10 Properties of Ice and Supercooled Water .....................................................................................................................................................6-12 Vapor Pressure of Ice ........................................................................................................................................................................................6-13 Melting Point of Ice as a Function of Pressure ............................................................................................................................................6-13 Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Water at Various Frequencies ......................................................................................................6-14 Thermophysical Properties of Air .................................................................................................................................................................6-15 Thermophysical Properties of Fluids ...........................................................,................................................................................................6-21 Virial Coefficients of Selected Gases .............................................................................................................................................................6-38 Van der Waals Constants for Gases ...............................................................................................................................................................6-47 Mean Free Path and Related Properties of Gases .......................................................................................................................................6-48 Influence of Pressure on Freezing Points .....................................................................................................................................................6-49 Critical Constants .......................................... і ...................................................................................................................................................6-50 Sublimation Pressure of Solids .......................................................................................................................................................................6-70 Vapor Pressure ...................................................................................................................................................................................................6-72 Vapor Pressure of Fluids at Temperatures below 300 К ..........................................................................................................................6-102 Vapor Pressure of Saturated Salt Solutions .......................;........................................................................................................................6-110 IUPAC Recommended Data for Vapor Pressure Calibration ...........................................................,.....................................................6-111 Enthalpy of Vaporization ................;..............................................................................................................................................................6-112 Enthalpy of Fusion .................................:........................................................................................................................................................6-130 Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Liquid Density ....................................................................................................................6-140 Volumetric Properties of Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions ............................................................................................................6-142 Properties of Cryogenic Fluids .....................................................................................................................................................................6-143 Properties of Liquid Helium ..........................................................................................................................................................................6-144 Properties of Refrigerants ..............................................................................................................................................................................6-145 Properties of Gas Clathrate Hydrates..... .....................................................................................................................................................6-148 Ionic Liquids .....................................................................................................................................................................................................6-153 Density and Specific Volume of Mercury ...................................................................................................................................................6-157 Thermal Properties of Mercury ...................................................................................................................................................................6-158 Melting Curve of Mercury .............................................................................................................................................................................6-159 Vapor Pressure of Mercury. ...........................................................................................................................................................................6-160 Surface Tension of Common Liquids ..........................................................................................................................................................6-161 Surface Tension öf Aqueous Mixtures ........................................................................................................................................................6-165 Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Liquids ............................................................................................................................................6-166 Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Gases .....................................................................................................................................;.........6-188 Azeotropic Data for Binary Mixtures ..........................................................................................................................................................6-189 Viscosity of Gases ..........................................................„................................................................................................................................6-208 Viscosity of Liquids .........................................................................................................................................................................................6-209 Viscosity of Carbon Dioxide along the Saturation Line ..........................................................................................................................6-214 Viscosity and Density of Aqueous Hydroxide Solutions .........................................................................................................................6-215 Viscosity of Liquid Metals .............................................................................................................................................................................6-216 Thermal Conductivity of Gases ....................................................................................................................................................................6-218 Thermal Conductivity of Liquids .................................................................................................................................................................6-220 Diffusion in Gases.................................................... , .............................................................................................«........................................6-225 Diffusion of Gases in Water ..........................................................................................................................................................................6-227 Diffusion Coefficients in Liquids at Infinite Dilution ..............................................................................................................................6-228 SECTION 7: BIOCHEMISTRY Properties of Amino Acids ................................................................................................................................................................................7-1 Structures of Common Amino Acids ................................................................................................».............................................................7-3 Properties of Purine and Pyrimidine Bases ...................................................................................................................................................7-5 The Genetic Code ......................................>......................................................................................................:.................................................7-6 Properties of Fatty Acids and Their Methyl Esters ...................................................................................................................... .................7-7 Composition and Properties of Common Oils And Fats ............................................................................................................................7-9 Carbohydrate Names and Symbols ..............■.....·........................................ ........................ ■.........:... ..............................................................7-14 Standard Transformed Gibbs Energies of Formation for Biochemical Reactants ..............................................................................7-16 Apparent Equilibrium Constants for Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions ......................................................................................................7-19 Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers in Water ....................................................................................7-23 Biological Buffers, ...............................,..............................................................................................................................................................7-26 Typical pH Values of Biological Materials and Foods .............................................................................................. ,..s ...................«.;·.......7-27 Structure and Functions of Some Common Drugs .........................,..........................................................................................................7-28 Chemical Constituents of Human Blood .....................................................................................................................................................7-45 Chemical Composition of the Human Body ............................................................................*..................................................................7-48 Nutrient Values of Foods ....................................................................................................................................................,.................... ...... s.7-49 SECTION 8: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Preparation of Special Analytical Reagents ...................................................................................................................................................8-1 Standard Solutions of Acids, Bases, and Salts ..............................................................................................................................................8-5 Standard Solutions of Oxidation and Reduction Reagents .........................!..............................................................................................8-7 Organic Analytical Reagents for the Determination of Inorganic Substances ......................................................................................8-8 Flame and Bead Tests .....................................................................................................................................................,.................................8-13 Acid-Base Indicators .........................................................................................................................................................................................8-15 Fluorescent Indicators .......................................................................................................................................................................................8-18 Conversion Formulas for Concentration of Solutions ..........................,....................................................................................................8-19 Electrochemical Series .....................................................................................................................................................................................8-20 Reduction and Oxidation Potentials for Certain Ion Radicals ................................................................................................................8-30 pH Scale for Aqueous Solutions .....................................................................................................................................................................8-32 Practical pH Measurements on Natural Waters .........................................................................................................................................8-37 Buffer Solutions Giving Round Values of pH at 25 °С.................................................................... ..........................................................8-39 Dissociation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases ....................................................................................................................,..........8-40 Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids and Bases ..................................................................................................................................8-42 Concentrative Properties of Aqueous Solutions: Density, Refractive Index, Freezing Point Depression, and Viscosity .............8-52 Ion Product of Water Substance ...................................................................................................................................................................8-78 Ionization Constant of Normal and Heavy Water .....................................................................................................................................8-79 Solubility of Selected Gases in Water ....................................................................................................1...................................................... 8-80 Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Water at Various Temperatures and Pressures .................................................................................8-84 Aqueous Solubility and Henry s Law Constants of Organic Compounds ...................;.........................................................................8-85 Aqueous Solubility of Inorganic Compounds at Various Temperatures ...................................................... ......................................8-121 Solubility Product Constants .......................................................................................................................................................................8-127 Solubility of Common Salts at Ambient Temperatures ..........................................................................................................................8-130 Solubility of Hydrocarbons in Seawater .....................................................................................................................................................8-131 Solubility of Organic Compounds in Pressurized Hot Water .................................................................................................,..............8-133 Solubility Chart ................................................................................................................................................................................................8-136 Reduction of Weighings in Airto Vacuo ...................................................................................................................................................8-138 Volume of One Gram of Water ...................................................................................................................................................................8-139 Properties of Carrier Gases for Gas Chromatography ........................................................................................................,..........,.......8-140 Solvents for Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry. .............................................................................................................................................8-141 13C Chemical Shifts of Useful NMR Solvents ...........................................................................................................................................8-142 Mass Spectral Peaks of Common Organic Solvents .................................................................................................................................8-143 Proton NMR Shifts of Common Organic Solvents ..................................................................................................................................8-150 SECTION 9: MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND SPECTROSCOPY Bond Lengths in Crystalline Organic Compounds ...............................,.....,....................................................................................,...........9-І Bond Lengths in Organometallic Compounds ...........................................................................................................................................9-17 Structure of Free Molecules in the Gas Phase .....,.......................................................................................................................................9-19 Characteristic Bond Lengths in Free Molecules .........................................................................................................................................9-48 Atomic Radii of the Elements .........................................................................................................................................................................9-49 Dipole Moments ................................................................................................................................................................................................9-50 Hindered Internal Rotation .............................................................................................................................................................................9-59 Bond Dissociation Energies .............................................................................................................................................................................9-64 Electronegativity ................................................................................................................................................................................................9-98 Force Constants for Bond Stretching .............................................................................................................................,..............................9-99 Fundamental Vibrational Frequencies of Small Molecules ...................................................................................................................9-100 Spectroscopie Constants of Diatomic Molecules ..................................,..............................,...................................................................9-103 Infrared Correlation Charts ..........................................................................................................................................................................9-108 Nuclear Spins, Moments, and Other Data Related to NMR Spectroscopy .........................................................................................9-113 Proton NMR Chemical Shifts for Characteristic Organic Structures ..................................................................................................9-116 ^C-NMR Absorptions of Major Functional Groups ................................................................................................................................9-117 SECTION 10: ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS Line Spectra of the Elements .........................................................................................................................................................................10-1 NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities .......................................................................................................................................................10-93 Electron Affinities ........................................................................................................................................................................................10-156 Proton Affinities ...........................................................................................................................................................................................10-174 Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities ......................................................................................................................................................10-193 Ionization Energies of Atoms and Atomic Ions .....................................................................................................................................10-203 Ionization Energies of G as-Phase Molecules ..........................................................................................................................................10-206 Х -Ray Atomic Energy Levels .......................................................................................................................................................................10-224 Electron Binding Energies of the Elements ..............................................................................................................................................10-228 Natural Width of Х -Ray Lines ...................................................................................................................................................................10-234 Photon Attenuation Coefficients ..............................................................................................................................................................10-235 Classification of Electromagnetic Radiation ...........„...............................................................................................................................10-240 Sensitivity of the Human Eye to Light of Different Wavelengths .......................................................................................................10-242 Black Body Radiation ...................................................................................................................................................................................10-243 Characteristics of Infrared Detectors .......................................................................................................................................................10-245 Index of Refraction of Inorganic Crystals ................................................................................................................................................10-246 Refractive Index and Transmittance of Representative Glasses .........................................................................................................10-250 Index of Refraction of Water .......................................................................................................................................................................10-251 Index of Refraction of Liquids for Calibration Purposes .....................................................................................................................10-252 Index of Refraction of Air ............................................................................................................................................................................10-253 Index of Refraction of Gases .......................................................................................................................................................................10-254 Characteristics of Laser Sources ..............................................................................................................................................................10-255 Infrared Laser Frequencies ......................................................................................................·..................................................................10-261 Infrared and Far-Infrared Absorption Frequency Standards ..............................................................................................................10-268 SECTION 11: NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS Summary Tables of Particle Properties .........................................................................................................................................................11-1 Table of the Isotopes .......................................................................................................................................................................................11-56 Neutron Scattering and Absorption Properties ......................................................................................................................................11-254 Cosmic Radiation .........................................................................................................................................................................................11-267 SECTION 12: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS Techniques for Materials Characterization .................................................................................................................................................12-1 Symmetry of Crystals ............................................................·.................................................................................................,·........................12-5 Ionic Radii in Crystals ...................................................................................................................................................................................12-11 Polarizabilities of Atoms and Ions in Solids ..............................................................................................................................................12-13 Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Allotropes of the Elements ..........................................................................................12-15 Phase Transitions in the Solid Elements at Atmospheric Pressure .......................................................................................................12-19 Lattice Energies ...............................................................................................................................................................................................12-21 The Madelung Constant and Crystal Lattice Energy ..............................................................................................................................12-34 Elastic Constants of Single Crystals .............................................................................................................................................................12-35 Electrical Resistivity of Pure Metals ....................................................................................................·......................................................12-41 Electrical Resistivity of Selected Alloys .....................................................................................................................................................12-43 Electrical Resistivity of Graphite Materials ................................................................................................................................................12-46 Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Inorganic Solids ...........................................................................................................................12-47 Curie Temperature of Selected Ferroelectric Crystals ............................................................................................................................12-56 Properties of Antiferroelectric Crystals .....................................................................................................................................................12-57 Dielectric Constants of Glasses ...................................................................................................................................................................12-58 Properties of Superconductors .....................................................................................................................................................................12-59 High-Temperature Superconductors ..........................................................................................................................................................12-75 Organic Superconductors .............................................................................................................................................................................12-77 Properties of Semiconductors .......................................................................................................................................................................12-80 Selected Properties of Semiconductor Solid Solutions ...........................................................................................................................12-93 Properties of Organic Semiconductors .......................................................................................................................................................12-95 Diffusion Data for Semiconductors ............................................................................................................................................................12-99 Properties of Magnetic Materials ..............................................................................................................................................................12-107 Organic Magnets ...........................................................................................................................................................................................12-116 Electron Inelastic Mean Free Paths ...................,..........................................................................................,...........................................12-119 Electron Work Function of the Elements .................................................................................................................................................12-121 Secondary Electron Emission ................................................................................................................................................................,...12-122 Optical Properties of Selected Elements .................................................................................................................................................12-123 Optical Properties of Selected Inorganic and Organic Solids ..............................................................................................................12-148 Elasto-Optic, Electro-Optic, and Magneto-Optic Constants .............................................................................................................12-167 Nonlinear Optical Constants .........,...........................................................................................................................................................12-181 Phase Diagrams .............................................................................................................................................................................................12-184 Heat Capacity of Selected Solids...., ..........................................................................................................................................................12-202 Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals ...................................................................................................................................12-203 Thermophysical Properties of Stainless Steel 310..................................................................................................................................12-205 Thermal Conductivity, of Metals and Semiconductors as a Function of Temperature ...................................................................12-206 Thermal Conductivity of Alloys as a Function of Temperature .........................................................................................................12-208 Thermal Conductivity of Crystalline Dielectrics ....................................................................................................................................12-209 Thermal Conductivity of Ceramics and Other Insulating Materials ..................................................................................................12-211 Thermal Conductivity of Glasses .....,........................................................................................................................................................12-213 Thermoelectric Properties of Metals and Semiconductors...., .............................................................................................................12-217 Fermi Energy and Related Properties of Metals... ............,......................................................................................................................12-219 Properties of Commercial Metals and Alloys ..........................................................................................................................................12-221 Hardness of Minerals and Ceramics .........................................................................................................................................................12-222 SECTION 13: POLYMER PROPERTIES Nomenclature for Organic Polymers ............................................................................................................................................................13-1 Solvents for Common Polymers .....................................................................................................................................................................13-5 Glass Transition Temperature for Selected Polymers ................................................................................................................................13-6 Dielectric Constant of Selected Polymers ..................................................................................................................................................13-13 Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relationship for Polymer Melts .........................................................................................................13-14 Upper Critical (UCST) and Lower Critical (LCST) Solution Temperatures of Binary Polymer Solutions ..................................13-19 Vapor Pressures (Solvent Activities) for Binary Polymer Solutions .........................................................,..........,.................................13-37 Specific Enthalpies of Solution of Polymers and Copolymers .............................................................................,.................................13-42 Solubility Parameters of Selected Polymers ..............................................................................................................................................13-70 SECTION 14: GEOPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY, AND ACOUSTICS Astronomical Constants .................................................................................................................................................................................14-1 Properties of the Solar System ........................................................................................................................................................................14-2 Satellites of the Planets .....................................................................................................................................................................................14-4 Interstellar Molecules ............................,....................................................................................................................................................;.....14-7 Mass, Dimensions, and Other Parameters of the Earth .........__........................„.,...........,.....................................................................14-10 Geological Time Scale..... ..........................................................................................................................,....................................................14-12 Acceleration Due to Gravity ..........................................................................................................................................................................14-13 Density, Pressure, and Gravity as a Function of Depth Within the Earth ...........................................................;................................14-14 Ocean Pressure as a Function of Depth and Latitude... ...........................................................................................................................14-15 Properties of Seawater ....................................................................................................................................................................................14-16 Abundance of Elements in the Earth s Crust and in the Sea ..................................................................................................................14-18 Solar Spectral Irradiance ...............................................................................................................................................................................14-19 US. Standard Atmosphere (1976)................................................................................................................................................................14-20 Geographical and Seasonal Variation in Solar Radiation ................................................................,.......................................................14-26 Major World Earthquakes ........,....................................................................................................................................................................14-27 Weather-Related Scales ..................................................................................................................................................................................14-31 Infrared Absorption by the Earth s Atmosphere .......................................................................................................................................14-33 Atmospheric Concentration of Carbon Dioxide, 1958-2004.....................................................,..........................................................14-34 Mean Temperatures in the United States, 1900-1992.............................................................................................................................14-36 Global Temperature Trend, 1856-2004._______.........„..........................................................................................................................14-38 Global Warming Potential of Greenhouse Gases .................................................................................»...................................................14-39 Atmospheric Electricity .................................................................................................................................................................................14-41 Speed of Sound in Various Media ...............................................................................................................................................................14-48 Attenuation and Speed of Sound in Air as a Function of Humidity and Frequency .........................................................................14-50 Speed of Sound in Dry Air .............................................................................................................................................................................14-51 Musical Scales ..................................................................................................................................................................................................14-52 Characteristics of Human Hearing ......................................................................................................,.......................................................14-53 SECTION 15: PRACTICAL LABORATORY DATA Standard ITS-90 Thermocouple Tables ........................................................................................................................................................15-1 Secondary Reference Points on the ITS-90 Temperature Scale ............................................................................................................15-10 Relative Sensitivity of Bayard-Alpert Ionization Gauges to Various Gases .........................................................................................15-12 Laboratory Solvents and Other Liquid Reagents ......................................................................................................................................15-13 Miscibility of Organic Solvents..... ...............................................................................................................................................................15-23 Density of Solvents as a Function of Temperature ...................................................................................................................................15-25 Dependence of Boiling Point on Pressure ..................................................................................................................................................15-26 Ebullioscopic Constants for Calculation of Boiling Point Elevation .....................................................................................................15-27 Cryoscopic Constants for Calculation of Freezing Point Depression .............................................................................................;.... 15-28 Freezing Point Lowering by Electrolytes in Aqueous Solution ..............................................................................................................15-29 Correction of Barometer Readings to 0 °С Temperature ........................................................................................................................15-30 Determination of Relative Humidity from Dew Point .............................................................................................................................15-31 Determination of Relative Humidity from Wet and Dry Bulb Temperatures .....................................................................................15-32 Constant Humidity Solutions ..........................................................................................................................................................-............15-33 Standard Salt Solutions for Humidity Calibration ....................................................................................................................................15-34 Low-Temperature Baths for Maintaining Constant Temperature ........................................................................................................15-35 Metals and Alloys with Low Melting Temperature ..................................................................................................................................15-36 Wire Tables .......................................................................................................................................................................................................15-37 Characteristics of Particles and Particle Dispersoids .............................................................................................;.................................15-38 Density of Various Solids...., ..........................................................................................................................................................................15-39 Density of Sulfuric Acid ..............................................................................................................,..................................................................15-40 Density of Ethanol- Water Mixtures ............................................................................................................................................................15-41 Dielectric Strength of Insulating Materials ................................................................................................................................................15-42 Coefficient of Friction ...................................................................................................,.....................................,..........................................15-47 Flame Temperatures ..................................................................................................... r ........................,..................................................·.....15-49 Allocation of Frequencies in the Radio Spectrum ............................,........................................,..............................................................15-50 SECTION 16: HEALTH AND SAFETY INFORMATION Handling and Disposal of Chemicals in Laboratories ................................................................................................................................16-1 Flammability of Chemical Substances ........................................................................................................................................................16-13 Threshold Limits for Airborne Contaminants ..........................................................................................................................................16-29 Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients..... ...................................................................................................................................................16-43 Protection against Ionizing Radiation ........................................................................................................................................................16-48 Annual Limits on Intakes ofRadionuclides ...............................................................................................................................................16-49 Chemical Carcinogens ...................................................................................................................................................................................16-53 APPENDIX A: MATHEMATICAL TABLES Miscellaneous Mathematical Constants ........................................................................................................................................................ A-l Decimal Equivalents of Common Fractions...., ..............................,............................................................................................................. A-2 Quadratic Formula ............................................................................................................................................................................................. A-2 Exponential and Hyperbolic Functions and Their Common Logarithms .............................................................................................. A-3 Natural Trigonometric Functions to Four Places ............................,........................................................................................................... A-6 Relation of Angular Functions in Terms of One Another .......................................................................................................................... A-8 Derivatives .............................................................................................,............................................................................................................. A-9 Integration ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... A-ll Integrals .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. A-15 Differential Equations ...................................................................................................................................................................................... A-46 Fourier Series ......................................,..........................,..........................................................................;....................................................... A-57 Fourier Expansions for Basic Periodic Functions ................................................,......................................................................,.............. A-59 The Fourier Transforms .................................................................................................................................................................................. A-61 Series Expansion ..............................................................,................................................................................................................................ A-65 Vector Analysis ................................................................................................................................................................................................. A-68 Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates ........................................................................................................................................................... A-75 Transformation of Integrals ........................................................................................................................................................................... A-77 Besseł Functions ............................................................................................................................................................................................... A-78 The Factorial Function .................................................................................................................................................................................... A-80 The Gamma Function ..................................................................................................................................................................................... A-81 The Beta Function ............................................................................................................................................................................................ A-82 The Error Function .......................................................................................................................................................................................... A-83 Orthogonal Polynomials ................................................................................................................................................................................. A-83 Tables of Orthogonal Polynomials ................................................................................................................................................................ A-86 Clebsch-Gordan Coefficients ....................................................................................................................................................................... A-87 Normal Probability Function ......................................................................................................................................................................... A-88 Percentage Points, Student s i-Distribution ................................................................................................................................................ A-91 Percentage Points, Chi-Square Distribution ............................................................................................................................................... A-91 Percentage Points, F-Distribution ................................................................................................................................................................. A-93 Moment of Inertia for Various Bodies of Mass .......................................................................................................................................... A-97 APPENDIX B: SOURCES OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA ................................................................................. B-l INDEX ......................................................................................................................................................................................................1-1
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spellingShingle	CRC handbook of chemistry and physics a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data Chemie Chemistry Tables Physics Tables Chemie (DE-588)4009816-3 gnd Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4009816-3 (DE-588)4045956-1 (DE-588)4184303-4
title	CRC handbook of chemistry and physics a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data
title_auth	CRC handbook of chemistry and physics a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data
title_exact_search	CRC handbook of chemistry and physics a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data
title_full	CRC handbook of chemistry and physics a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data ed. in chief David R. Lide
title_fullStr	CRC handbook of chemistry and physics a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data ed. in chief David R. Lide
title_full_unstemmed	CRC handbook of chemistry and physics a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data ed. in chief David R. Lide
title_short	CRC handbook of chemistry and physics
title_sort	crc handbook of chemistry and physics a ready reference book of chemical and physical data
title_sub	a ready-reference book of chemical and physical data
topic	Chemie Chemistry Tables Physics Tables Chemie (DE-588)4009816-3 gnd Physik (DE-588)4045956-1 gnd
topic_facet	Chemie Chemistry Tables Physics Tables Physik Tabelle
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