Verfügbarkeit: Lithium batteries

Lithium batteries: science and technology

'Lithium Batteries' is an up-to-date and comprehensive compendium on advanced power sources and energy related topics. Each chapter is a detailed and thorough treatment of its subject.

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	New York Springer 2009
Ausgabe:	1. softcover print.
Schlagworte:	Lithium cells Lithiumbatterie
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis
Zusammenfassung:	'Lithium Batteries' is an up-to-date and comprehensive compendium on advanced power sources and energy related topics. Each chapter is a detailed and thorough treatment of its subject.
Beschreibung:	XIX, 708 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9780387926742 9781402076282

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MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	* * * * * * * * * ***** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** **** **** I. F U N D A M E N T A L S 1. M A T E R I A L S ASPECTS: AN O V E R V I E W A. MANTHIRAM 1.1.* INTRODUCTION 3 * 1.2.* BASIC C O N C E P T S O F R E C H A R G E A B L E L I T H I U M B A T T E R I E S 3 * 1.3.* CELLS WITH INSERTION C O M P O U N D S AS BOTH ANODE AND C A T H O D E 8 * 1.4. LAYERED O X I D E C A T H O D E S * 11* 1.4.1. LAYERED L I C O 0 2 * 12* 1.4.2. LAYERED L I N I 0 2 * 19* 1.4.3. O T H E R LAYERED O X I D E S * 2 4 * 1.5.* SPINEL OXIDE C A T H O D E S 25* 1.5. I. SPINEL M A N G A N E S E O X I D E S * 2 6 * 1.5.2. O T H E R SPINEL O X I D E S * 30* 1.6. OXIDE C A T H O D E S WITH P O L Y A N I O N S * 32* 1.7. O T H E R O X I D E C A T H O D E S * 33* 1.8. ANODE HOSTS* 35* 1.9. C O N C L U S I O N S 3 6 * REFERENCES 37* 2.* T H E ROIE O F E L E C T R O N I C P R O P E R T I E S I N T H E E L E C T R O C H E R N I C A L B E H A V I O R O F I N T E R C A L A T I O N C O M P O U N D S F R O M A F I R S T P R I N C I P L E S V A N T A G E P O I N T A. VAN DER VEN AND G. CEDER 2.1. INTRODUCTION* 42* 2.2. GENERAL E L E C T R O N I C STRUCTURE O F O C T A H E D R A L T R A N S I T I O N METAL IONS 45* 2.3. FIRST PRINCIPLES METHOD* 48* 2.3.1. T H E LOCAL DENSITY A P P R O X I M A T I O N (LDA)* 54* 2.3.2. T H E G E N E R A L I Z E D G R A D I E N T A P P R O X I M A T I O N (GGA)* 5 4 * 2.3.3. SPIN P O L A R I Z A T I O N * 55* 2.3.4. C A V E A S ABOUT A P P R O X I M A T I O N S TO O F T * 55* 2.3.5. D I F F E R E N T NUMERICAL S C H E M E S * 57* 2.4. ELECTRONIC S T R U C T U R E O F LI X C O 0 2 * 58* 2.4. I. CO VALENT BONDING IN LI X C O 0 2 * 58* 2.4.2. EXPERIMENTAL E V I D E N C E FOR S H I F T IN C O V A L E N C Y * 62* 2.4.3. THE ROLE O F C O V A L E N C Y IN D E T E R M I N I N G T H E R M O D Y N A M I C , * KINETIC A N D STRUCTURAL P R O P E R T I E S O F LI X C O 0 2 64* 2.5. ELECTRONIC P R O P E R T I E S IN L I N I 0 2 : THE 180" I N T E R A C T I O N * 67* 2.6. LAYERED TO SPINEL T R A N S F O N N A T I O N IN LIXMN02* 71* 2.6.1. T H E C R Y S T A L L O G R A P H Y AND T H E R M O D Y N A M I E S O F THE LAYERED* TO SPINEL P H A S E T R A N S F O R M A T I O N 71* 2.6.2. A T W O S T A G E T R A N S F O R M A T I O N M E C H A N I S M * 73* 2.6.3. S U P P R E S S I N G THE LAYERED TO SPINE) T R A N S F O R M A T I O N 78* 2 . 7 . C O N C L U S I O N S 79* REFERENCES 80* VI* CONLENLS 3 . S Y N T H E S I S O F B A T T E R Y M A T E R I A L S M.S. WHITTINGHAM 3. I. I N T R O D U C T I O N * 85* 3 . 2 . T H E S Y N T H E S I S A N D M A N U F A C T U R E O F T I T A N I U M D I S U L F I D E * 8 6 * 3 . 3 . S Y N T H E S I S O F A L K A L I I O N I N T E R C A L A T E S B Y I N S E R T I O N I N T O T H E H O S T * L A T T I C E ( A N D T H E R E V E R S E ) 8 8 * 3 . 4 . H I G H T E M P E R A T U R E S Y N T H E S I S O F L A Y E R E D O X I D E S * 9 0 * 3 . 5 . H Y D R O T H E R M A L A N D S O L V O T H E N N A L S Y N T H E S I S O F C A T H O D E M A T E R I A L S 9 3 * 3 . 6 . ION E X C H A N G E M E T H O D E S FOR L I T H I U M M A N G A N E S E O X I D E S S Y N T H E S I S 95* 3 . 7 . S T A B I L I Z A T I O N O F L A Y E R E D L I M N 0 2 A N D T H E M I X E D M E T A L O X I D E S * L I ( N I . M N , C O ) 0 2 9 7 * 3 . 8 . A D D I T I O N O F C A R B O N C O N D U C T I V E D I L U E N T S P O S T - S Y N T H E S I S A N D * IN-SITU: L I F E P 0 4 99* 3 . 9 . S Y N T H E S I S O F A N O D E M A T E R I A L S * 102* 3 . 1 0 . M E C H A N O C H E M I S T R Y A N D M E C H A N I C A L G R I N D I N G 103* R E F E R E N C E S 105* 11. A N O D E M A T E R I A L S 4. A N O D E S A N D C O M P O S I T E A N O D E S : AN O V E R V I E W LF. NAZARAND O. CROSNIER 4. I. I N T R O D U C T I O N : L I T H I U M M E T A L A N D C A R B O N B A S E D M A T E R I A L S 112* 4 . 1 . 1 . I S S U E O F S A F E T Y , A B R I E F H I S T O R Y * 113* 4 . 1 . 2 . C A R B O N A C E O U S M A T E R I A L S * 1 1 4 * 4 . 1 . 3 . L O O K I N G T O T H E F U T U R E * 115* 4 . 2 . C O M P O U N D S A N D C O M P O S I T E S O F S N , S B A N D AL* 116* 4 . 2 . 1 . I N T E R M E T A L L I C S C O M P O S I T E S A N D B I N A R Y P H A S E S C O M P R I S E D O F 117* S N , S B A N D AI* 4 . 2 . 2 . S I L I C I D E S * 127* 4 . 3 . M E T A L O X I D E S * 129* 4 . 3 . 1 . T R A N S I T I O N M E T A L O X I D E S W H E R E I N S E R T I O N G O V E M S T H E * P R O C E S S 130* 4 . 3 . 2 . T R A N S I T I O N M E T A L O X I D E S W H E R E R E D U C T I O N O F M E T A L O X I D E * T O M E T A L L I C O R S E M I - M E T A L O C C U R S 1 3 0 * 4 . 3 . 3 . M I X E D T R A N S I T I O N M E T A L O X I D E S - * W H E R E B O T H R E D U C T I O N A N D 132* A N D A L L O Y I N G A R E R E S P O N S I B L E F O R LI C A P A C I T Y * 4 . 4 . N I T R I D E S A N D P H O S P H I D E S * 132* 4 . 4 . 1 . N I T R I D E S * 132* 4 . 4 . 2 . P H O S P H I D E S * 134* 4 . 5 . C O N C L U S I O N S 138* R E F E R E N C E S 139* 5. C A R B O N A C E O U S A N D G R A P H I T I C A N O D E S M. WINTER, K.-C. MOELLER AND J. 0 . BESENHARD 5 . 1 . C A R B O N S IN I O N T R A N S F E R B A T T E R I E S * 1 4 4 * 5 . 2 . H I S T O R Y O F L I T H I A T E D C A R B O N S * 146* 5 . 3 . E L E C T R O C H E M I C A L LI S T O R A G E IN C A R B O N * 148* 5 . 3 . 1 . C A R B O N A C E O U S H O S T M A T E R I A L S A N D T H E I R P R O P E R T I E S * 148* 5 . 3 . 2 . E L E C T R O C H E M I C A L LI S T O R A G E IN G R A P H I T I C C A R B O N S * 153* 5 . 3 . 3 . E L E C T R O C H E M I C A L LI S T O R A G E IN N O N - G R A P H I T I C C A R B O N S 160* 5 . 4 . R E A C T I O N S O F L I T H I A T E D C A R B O N S W I T H T H E E L E C T R O L Y T C * 167* VII CONTENTS 5.4.1. I N T E R P H A S E F O R M A T I O N - * M E T A L L I C LI A N O D E VS. LI X C 6 ANODE* A N D O X I D E C A T H O D E 168* 5.4.2. U N S O L V A T E D A N D S O L V A T E D L I T H I U M I N T E R C A L A T I O N * 171* 5.5. W H A T IS S P E C I A L A B O U T L I T H I A T E D C A R B O N S ? 179* R E F E R E N C E S 180* 6. G R A P H I T E - E L E C T R O L Y T E I N T E R F A C E I N L I T H I U M - I O N B A T T E R I E S M.NAZRI, B.YEBKA. ANDG.-A. NAZRI 6.1. I N T R O D U C T I O N * 195* 6.2. E X P E R I M E N T A L S E T UP TO E V A L U A T E S U R F A C E R E A C T I O N S O F G R A P H I T E * ANODES 198* 6 . 2 . 1 . G R A P H I T E T Y P E S * 198* 6 . 2 . 2 . A G E N E R A L P R O C E D U R E TO F A B R I C A T E C A R B O N A N O D E S A N D * T H E I R E V A L U A T I O N 2 0 0 * 6.3. G R A P H I T E C Y C L I N G A N D F I L M F O R M A T I O N * 2 0 3 * 6.3.1. GAS G E N E R A T I O N O N G R A P H I T E S * 2 0 7 * 6.3.2. I N F R A R E D S P E C T R O S C O P Y O F S E I L A Y E R O N G R A P H I T E A N O D E S 2 0 8 * 6.3.3. T H E R M A L A N A L Y S I S O F S E I L A Y E R O N G R A P H I T E A N O D E S 2 1 6 * 6.4. C O N C L U S I O N S 2 1 7 * R E F E R E N C E S 2 1 8 * 7. T H E KEY ROLE O F N A N O P A R T I C L E S I N R E A C T I V I T Y O F 3 D M E T A L O X I D E S T O W A R D S LI JM. TARASCON, S. GRUGEON. S. LARUELLE. D. LARCHER AND P. POIZOT 7. I. I N T R O D U C T I O N * 2 2 0 * 7.2. E X P E R I M E N T A L * 221* 7.3. RESULTS A N D D I S C U S S I O N * 2 2 2 * 7 . 3 . 1 . R E A C T I V I T Y O F 3 D METAL O X I D E S T O W A R D S LI* 2 2 2 * 7.3.2. R A T I O N A L I Z A T I O N A N D P O T E N T I A L A P P L I C A T I O N S * 2 2 6 * 7.3.3. P R A C T I C A L A P P L I C A T I O N C O N S I D E R A T I O N S * 2 3 4 * 7 . 3 . 4 . A C T I N G ON R E A C T I O N P A T H S T H R O U G H P A R T I C L E S I Z E * 2 3 6 * 7.4. C O N C L U S I O N S 2 4 4 * R E F E R E N C E S 2 4 5 * 8. N I T R I D E A N D S I L I C I D E N E G A T I V E E L E C T R O D E S G.G. AMATUCCI AND N. PEREIRA 8.1. I N T R O D U C T I O N * 2 4 7 * 8.2. T H E NITRIDES* 2 4 8 * 8.2.1. T H E T E R N A R Y N I T R I D E S * 2 4 8 * 8.2.2. T H E B I N A R Y N I T R I D E S * 2 5 4 * 8.2.3. S U M M A R Y - N I T R I D E S * 2 5 8 * 8.3. S I L I C I D E S * 2 5 9 * 8.3.1. I N T R O D U C T I O N * 2 5 9 * 8.3.2. T E R N A R Y L I - S I - M S Y S T E M S AT E L E V A T E D T E M P E R A T U R E 2 6 0 * 8.3.3. S I L I C I D E S A T A M B I E N T T E M P E R A T U R E * 2 6 2 * 8.3.4. S U M M A R Y - S I L I C I D E S 2 6 7 * R E F E R E N C E S 2 6 8 * 9. ALLOYS A N D I N T E R M E T A I L I C A N O D E S R .A. HUGGINS 9.1. I N T R O D U C T I O N * 2 7 0 * 9.2. ALLOYS AS AN A L T E R N A T I V E TO P U R E L I T H I U M * 271* VIII* CONTENTS 9 . 2 . I. L I T H I U M - C A R B O N A L L O Y S * 271* 9 . 3 . P R I N C I P L E S D E T E R M I N I N G T H E P O T E N T I A L S A N D C A P A C I T I E S O F A L L O Y * E L E C T R O D E S U N D E R E Q U I L I B R I U M C O N D I T I O N S 272* 9 . 3 . 1 . * R E L A T I O N S B E T W E E N P H A S E D I A G R A M S . T H E C O M P O S I T I O N - * D E P E N D E N C E O F THE P O T E N T I A L , A N D THE C A P A C I T Y O F * E L E C T R O D E S 2 7 3 * 9 . 3 . 2 . * AN E X A M P L E . T H E L I T H I U M - A N T I M O N Y S Y S T E M 2 7 5 * 9 . 3 . 3 . * R E L A T I O N B E T W E E N T H E P O T E N T I A L S A N D T H E R M O D Y N A M I C * D A T A 2 7 8 * 9 . 3 . 4 . T E M P E R A T U R E D E P E N D E N C E O F T H E E Q U I L I B R I U M P O T E N T I A L 2 7 9 * 9 . 3 . 5 . * E X P E R I M E N T S A T A M B I E N T T E M P E R A T U R E 283* 9 . 4 . L I Q U I D B I N A R Y A L L O Y S * 283* 9 . 5 . M I X E D - C O N D U C T O R M A T R I X E L E C T R O D E S * 286* 9 . 6 . D E C R E P I T A T I O N * 2 9 0 * 9 . 7 . F O R M A T I O N O F A M O R P H O U S P R O D U C T S AT A M B I E N T T E M P E R A T U R E 293* 9 . 8 . S U M M A R Y 2 9 4 * R E F E R E N C E S 295* 10. C U R R E N T I S S U E S O R M E T A L L I C L I T H I U M A N O D E M. LSHIKAWA AND M. MORITA 10.1. I N T R I N S I C A D V A N T A G E S A N D D R A W B A C K S O F M E T A L L I C L I T H I U M A N O D E 2 9 7 * 10.2. H I S T O R I C A L A S P E C T S IN R E C H A R G E A B L E M E T A L L I C L I T H I U M B A T T E R I E S 2 9 8 * 10.3. R E C E N T T R E N D S IN T H E D E V E L O P M E N T O F B A T T E R I E S WITH A LI A N O D E 300* 10.4. O P T I M I Z A T I O N O F THE L I T H I U M A N O D E I N T E R F A C E * 3 0 0 * 10.4.1. F U N D A M E N T A L S * 3 0 0 * 10.4.2. E F F E C T O F A D D I T I V E S * 303* 10.5. P H Y S I C A L F A C T O R S A F F E C T I N G T H E L I T H I U M I N T E R F A C E * 303* 1 0 . 6 R E C E N T A D V A N C E S IN T H E R E S E A R C H O N M E T A L L I C L I T H I U M A N O D E 304* R E F E R E N C E S 311* 111. C A T H O D E M A T E R I A L S 1 1 . T R E N D S I N C A T H O D E M A T E R I A L S R O R R E C H A R G E A B L E B A T T E R I E S M. PASQUALI. S. PASSERINI AND G. PISTOIA 11.1. I N T R O D U C T I O N * 315* 11.2. M E T H O D S O F S Y N T H E S I S * 317* 11.3. E F F E C T O F P A R T I C L E S I Z E AND M O R P H O L O G Y O N C A T H O D E B E H A V I O R 321* 11.4. N A T U R A L VS. A R T I F I C I A L C A T H O D I C F I L M S * 3 2 4 * 11.5. S P E C I F I C C A T H O D E M A T E R I A L S * 327* 11.5.1. L I N I 0 2 A N D LICO~ * 327* 11.5.2. M A N G A N E S E S P I N E I S * 335* 11.5.3. L A Y E R E D L I X M N 0 2 A N D S I M I L A R C A T H O D E S * 341* 11.5.4. 3 V C A T H O D E S * 344* 1 1 . 5 . 5 . A S P E C I A L C A S E : L I F E P 0 4 * 347* 1 1 . 5 . 6 . S U L P H U R A N D O R G A N I C O R I N O R G A N I C S U L P H I D E S * 350* 1 1 . 5 . 7 . H I G H Y O L T A G E M A T E R I A L S * 351* 11.6. C O N C L U D I N G R E M A R K S 352* R E F E R E N C E S 353* 12. S P I N E L C A T H O D E M A T E R I A L S R O R L I T H I U M - I O N B A T T E R I E S Y. XIA AND M. YOSHIO IX CONLENTS 12.L.LNTRODUCTION 361* 12.2. LIMN204 AND METAL-LON DOPED SPINEIS LIM,MN2.,04 362* 12.3. OPTIMIZING THE CAPACITY AND RECHARGEABILITY BY USING* A LI-MN-O PHASE DIAGRAM 366* 12.4. CAPACITY FADING ON CYCLING 369* 12.5. OXYGEN-DEFICIENT SPINEL LIMN204.V 373* 12.5.1. CHARGE/DISCHARGE PROFILE OF SPINEIS WITH DIFFERENT LI/MN* RATIOS AND OXYGEN CONTENTS 373* 12.5.2. PHASE TRANSITIONS DURING CHARGE/DISCHARGE 374* 12.5.3. PHASE TRANSITION AT LOW TEMPERATURE 375* 12.6. SUMMARY 377* REFERENCES 377* 13. LAYERED MANGANESE OXIDES AS CATHODES B. AMMUNDSEN 13.1. INTRODUCTION 381* 13.2. OVERVIEW OF THE STL1LCTURE AND STABILITY OF LAYERED MANGANESE 383* OXIDES* 13.2.1. LAYERED VS. ORTHORHOMBIC STL1LCTURE OF LIMN02 383* 13.2.2. INSTABILITY WITH RESPECT TO THE SPINE1 STL1LCTURE 384* 13.2.3. ALTERNATIVE LAYERED STRUCTURES 387* 13.2.4. LAYERED LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDES WITH TETRAVALENT* MANGANESE 388* 13.3. LAYERED MANGANESE OXIDES BASED ON LIMN02 389* 13.3.1. ORTHORHOMBIC LIMN02 389* 13.3.2. LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDE WITH THE 03 LAYERED STL1LCTURE* PREPARED BY "SOFT CHEMISTRY" ROUTES 390* 13.3.3. SUBSTITUTED LIMN02 WITH THE 03 LAYERED STL1LCTURE* PREPARED BY HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCESSING 392* 13.3.4.02 LAYERED STL1LCTURES 395* 13.4. LAYERED SOLID SOLUTION CATHODE MATERIALS BASED ON TETRAVALENT* MANGANESE 397* 13.4.1. OVERVIEW OF SOLID SOLUTION APPROACHES 397* 13.4.2. SOLID SOLUTIONS WITH LICR02 399* 13.4.3. LITHIUM-RICH SOLID SOLUTIONS WITH LICR02 402* 13.4.4. SOLID SOLUTIONS WITH LINI02 AND LICO,NI,.,02 402* 13.4.5. FURTHER WORK 406* 13.5. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK 406* REFERENCES 407* 14. CATHODES BASED ON LICO0 1 AND LINI0 1 B. PARK, Y. J. KIM AND J. CHO 14.1. LICO02CATHODE MATERIALS 410* 14.1.1. INTRODUCTION 410* 14.1.2. CAPACITY FADING MECHANISMS IN LICO02CATHODE MATERIALS 414* 14.1.3. E1ECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LICO02CATHODES 416* 14.1.4. DOPING THE LICO02CATHODE 420* 14.2. LINI02CATHODE MATERIALS 422* 14.2.1. INTRODUCTION 422* 14.2.2. STL1LCTURE OF LINI02 422* X CONTELLTS 14.2.3. ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND CAPACITY FADING* MECHANISMS OF LINI02 423* 14.3. METAL-OXIDE COATING ON LICO02 POWDERS* 426* 14.3.1. INTRODUCTION* 426* 14.3.2. PREPARATION OFMETAL-OXIDE COATED LICO02 POWDERS 426* 14.3.3. CYCLE-LIFE PERFORMANCE OFMETAL-OXIDE COATED LICO02 427* 14.4. 'IHN-FILM LICO02CATHODES* 431* 14.4. I. INTRODUCTION* 431* 14.4.2. ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AH03-COATED LICO02THIN* FILMS 431* 14.4.3. FUTURE WORK 441* REFERENCES 442* 15. POLYANION.BASED POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIALS C. MASQUELIER, S. PATOUX, C. WURM, M. MORCRETTE 15.1. INTRODUCTION: FROM OXIDES TO LONICALLY CONDUCTING* POLYANIONIC FRAMEWORKS 445* 15.2. TUNING THE M IL +/M(IL-1)+ REDOX COUPLE IN THE NASICON STRUCTURE* BY CHANGING THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE X04 1L - GROUPS: INDUCTIVE* EFFECT 448* 15.2.1. RELATIVE POSITION OF YARIOUS M IL +/M(IL-I)+ REDOX COUPLES* (M = FE, TI, Y, NB) IN NASICON PHOSPHATES 450* 15.2.2. POSITION OFTHE TI4+RRI 3 +COUPLE VS. LI+/LI AND NA+/NA 451* 15.2.3. RELATIVE POSITIONS OFTHE TI 4 +RRI 3+, FE 3 +/FE 2 +, NB S +/NB 4 +,* NB4+/NB 3+, Y 4+N3+ AND Y 3+/Y 2+COUPLES VS. NA+/NA AND LI+/LI* IN THE NASICON STRUCTURE 453* 15.3. EXTENSION OFTHE CONCEPT TO OTHER POLYANIONIC STRUCTURES 456* 15.3.1. THE MONOCLINIC FORMS OF FE2(S04H AND LI3M2(X04H* (M = FE, Y, X = P, AS) 457* 15.3.2. THE RHOMBOHEDRAL FORM OF LI3FE2(AS04H* 460* 15.3.3. THE DIPHOSPHATES AND DIARSENATES LI.MX20 7 (M =FE,* Y, TI; X = P, AS) 461* 15.3.4.* AMORPHOUS OR CRYSTALLINE LRON PHOSPHATES: FEP04.NH20* AND FE4(P2UEJH.4H20 463* 15.3.5.* Y S +N4+ AND Y4+N 3 +COUPLES IN LI.YOX04 (X = P, AS) 466* 15.3.6.* NB S +/NB 4 +COUPLE IN LI.NBPOS 467* 15.3.7.* THE OLIVINE LIMP04 (M =FE, MN, CO) 469* 15.4. CONCLUSIONS 473* REFERENCES 474* 16. UNDERSTANDING PHASE TRANSRORMATIONS IN LITHIUM BATTERY MATERIALS BY TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY Y. SHAO-HORN 16.1. INTRODUCTION* 478* 16.2. TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY* 481* 16.2.1. ELECTRON DIFFRACTION OF CRYSTALS* 481* 16.2.2. TEM IMAGING* 483* 16.2.3. TEM SAMPIE PREPARATION* 484* 16.2.4. CAVEAT TO TEM TECHNIQUES* 484* 16.3. LITHIUM AND YACANCY ORDERING* 484* 16.3.1. LITHIUM AND YACANCY ORDERING IN 03 LI.NI02* 485* CONTENTS XI 16.3.2. LITHIUM AND VACANCY ORDERING IN 03 L.CO02 487* 16.3.3. LITHIUM ORDERING IN 02 DERIVED LI.CO02 489* 16.4. SPATIALLY LOCALIZED PHASE TRANSITIONS 492* 16.4.1. JAHN-TELLER INDUCED PHASE TRANSITION IN LI.[MN2104 493* 16.5. PHASE TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN 2D LAYERED AND 3D SPINEL RELATED* CONFIGURATIONS 494* 16.5.1. INTERMEDIATE LAYERED-SPINEL CATION CONFIGURATIONS IN LT-LICO0 2 497* 16.5.2. LAYERED TO SPINEL TRANSFORMATION IN CYCLED LI.MN02 499* 16.6. PERSPECTIVES 500* 16.6.1. HIGH-RESOLUTION TEM IMAGING AND SIMULATION 500* 16.6.2. EELS ANALYSIS AND IMAGING 502* 16.6.3. IN-SITU TEM IMAGING 502* REFERENCES 503* IV. ELECTROLYTES 17. LIQUID ELECTROLYTES: SOME THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS M. NAZRI 17.1. INTRODUCTION TO SOLVENTS 509* 17.2. COULOMBIC FORCES BETWEEN IONS AND DIPOLAR SOLVENTS 511* 17.2.1. ION-DIPOLE FORCES 511* 17.2.2. DIPOLE-DIPOLE INTERACTIONS 513* 17.2.3. DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE INTERACLIONS 513* 17.2.4. INSTANTANEOUS DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE INTERACTION FORCES 514* 17.2.5. HYDROGEN BONDING 515* 17.3. ELECTRON PAIR DONOR-ELECTRON PAIR ACCEPTOR INTERACLIONS* (EPDIEPA INTERACTIONS) 516* 17.4. SOLVATION 517* 17.4.1. SOLVATION NUMBER 518* 17.4.2. SELECTIVE OR PREFERRED SOLVATION 518* 17.5. THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF ELECTROLYTES FOR LITHIUM BALLERIES 519* 17.5.1. ELECTROLYTE CONDUCTIVITY 520* 17.5.2. THE ELECTROCHEMICAL STABILITY OF ORGANIC ELECTROLYTES 525* 17.6. CONCLUSIONS 527* REFERENCES 527* 18. ADVANCED LIQUID ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS D. AURBACH AND A. SCHECHTER 18.1. INTRODUCTION 530* 18.1.1. TYPES OF ADVANCED LIQUID ELECTROLYTE SOLULIONS 530* 18.1.2. SCOPE OF SUBJECTS OF INTEREST 532* 18.2. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS 532* 18.2.1. ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLAR APROTIC ELECTROLYTE* SOLUTIONS 532* 18.2.2. HOW TO EVALUATE SOLVENTS FOR ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS 535* 18.2.3. ON THE CONDUCTIVITY OF POLAR APROTIC SOLUTIONS AND* DIFFUSION OF IONS IN THEM 539* 18.3. ELECTROCHEMICAL WINDOWS OF NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS 541* 18.3.1. ON CATHODIC REACTIONS OF POLAR APROTIC ELECTROLYTE* SOLUTIONS 545* XII CONTENTS 18.3.2. OXIDATION REACTIONS IN POLAR APROTIC ELECTROLYTE* SOLUTIONS 547* 18.3.3. A SHORT SUMMARY OF THE ANODIC LIMIT OF NONAQUEOUS* ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS 552* 18.4. LIQUID ELECTROLYTES SOLUTIONS FOR RECHARGEABLE LI (METAL)* BATTERIES 553* 18.4.1. PROBLEMS WITH THE USE OF LI METAL ANODES 553* 18.4.2. ON THE CHOICE OF ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS FOR RECHARGEABLE LI* (METAL) BATTERIES 556* 18.5. LIQUID ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS FOR RECHARGEABLE LI-ION BATTERIES 560* 18.5.1. THE REQUIREMENTS OF SUITABLE SOLUTIONS FOR LI-ION* BATTERIES 560* 18.5.2. STANDARD ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS FOR LI-ION BATTERIES 561* 18.5.3. ADVANCED ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS FOR LI-ION BATTERIES 564* 18.6. MOLTEN SALTS 567* 18.6.1. INTRODUCTION 567* 18.6.2. ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MOLTEN SALT SOLUTIONS AND* BATTERY APPLICATIONS 568* REFERENCES 568* 19. POLYMERIE ELECTROLYTES: AN OVERVIEW J.B. KERR 19.1. INTRODUCTION 574* 19.2. LITHIUM TRANSPORT IN LITHIUM BATTERIES 575* 19.2.1. SOLVENT-FREE, ION-COUPLED SYSTEMS 577* 19.2.2. EFFECT OF POLYMER MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (ARCHITECTURE) 579* 19.2.3. EFFECT OF POLYMER SOLVATION STRUCTURE 582* 19.2.4. EFFECT OF SURFACES ON POLYMER ELECTROLYTE BEHAVIOR 587* 19.2.5. GEL POLYMER SYSTEMS 591* 19.3. POLYMER ELECTROLYTES IN LITHIUM BATTERIES 592* 19.3.1. THE EFFECT OF TRANSPORT PROPERTIES ON CELL PERFORMANCE 595* 19.3.2. POLYELECTROLYTE SINGLE-ION CONDUCTORS 602* 19.3.3. CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL STABILITY OF POLYMER ELECTROLYTES 604* 19.3.4. DENDRITE GROWTH 609* 19.3.5. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 613* 19.4. CONCLUSIONS 615* REFERENCES 617* 20. GLASS AND CERAMIC ELECTROLYTES FOR LITHIUM AND LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES N. J. DUDNEY 20.1. INTRODUCTION 623* 20.2. GLASS ELECTROLYTES 625* 20.2.1. OXIDE GLASSES 626* 20.2.2. OXYNITRIDE GLASSES AND LIPON 626* 20.2.3. SULFIDE AND OXYSULFIDE GLASSES 628* 20.2.4. THIONITRIDE GLASSES 629* 20.2.5. LITHIUM HALIDE DOPED GLASSES 629* 20.3. CRYSTALLINE CERAMIC ELECTROLYTES 630* 20.3.1. PEROVSKITE ELECTROLYTES 631* 20.3.2. NASICON-TYPE PHOSPHATES 632* 20.3.3. LISICON-TYPE MATERIALS 633* CONTENTS XIII 20.3.4. LITHIUM METAL HALIDES, NITRIDES, AND PHOSPHIDES 633* 20.3.5. OTHER COMPOSITIONS 634* 20.4. MODELS FOR ION CONDUCTION 634* 20.5. CONCLUSION 635* REFERENCES 637* V. BATTERY SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS 21. LI-ION BATTERIES FOR EV, HEV AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS M. BROUSSELY 21.1. INTRODUCTION 645* 21.1.1. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES REQUIRED OFLNDUSTRIAL LI-ION BATTERIES 646* 21.2. WHICH LI-ION CHEMISTRY FOR A LARGE BATTERY? 646* 21.2.1. POSITIVE MATERIALS 646* 21.2.2. NEGATIVE MATERIALS 651* 21.3. GENERAL TECHNOLOGY AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 651* 21.3.1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR BATTERY ASSEMBLY 652* 21.4. EV APPLICATIONS 652* 21.4.1. EV BATTERY REQUIREMENTS AND TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON 653* 21.4.2. BATTERY MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT 654* 21.4.3. LI-ION TECHNOLOGY FOR EV 655* 21.5. HEV APPLICATIONS 663* 21.5.1. APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS 663* 21.5.2. COMPETING BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES 664* 21.5.3. HIGH POWER LI-ION TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES 664* 21.6. STATIONARY APPLICATIONS 671* 21.6.1. STANDBY (F1OAT) OPERATIONS 671* 21.6.2. INTENNITTENT CHARGING (CYCLING) APPLICATIONS 673* 21.6.3. BUFFER OPERATION 673* 21.6.4. STATIONARY BATTERY TRIALS 674* 21.7. SPACE APPLICATIONS 674* 21.7.1. BATTERY REQUIREMENTS FOR SATELLITES 675* 21.7.2. COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES 676* 21.7.3. SAFT CELL AND BATTERY DESIGN 677* 21.7.4. OTHER BATTERY DESIGNS 680* 21.7.5. LAUNCHERS 683* 21.8. CONCLUSIONS 684* REFERENCES 684* 22. LITHIUM BATTERIES FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS E. S. TAKEUCHI. R. A. LEISING. D. M. SPILLMAN. R. RUBINO, H. GAN. K. J. TAKEUCHI AND A. C. MARSCHILOK 22.1 INTRODUCTION 686* 22.2 PRIMARY BATTERIES 687* 22.2.1. THE USE OF LITHIUM METAL AS AN ANODE 687* 22.2.2. LITHIUM/LODINE SYSTEMS AND THEIR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 688* 22.2.3. LITHIUM/THIONYL CHLORIDE SYSTEMS AND THEIR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 689* 22.2.4. LITHIUM/CF. SYSTEMS AND THEIR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 691* 22.2.5. LITHIUM/SILVER-VANADIUM-OXIDE SYSTEMS AND THEIR MEDICAL* APPLICATIONS 691* 22.2.6. LITHIUM/MN02 SYSTEMS AND THEIR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 694* XIV CONTENTS 22.3. SECONDARY BATTERIES 694* 22.3.1 . LITHIUM-ION SYSTEMS - GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 694* 22.3.2. LITHIUM-ION SYSTEMS - CURRENT AND FUTURE MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 697* 22.4. SUMMARY 699* REFERENCES 699* 23. CURRENT ISSUES AND MARKET TRENDS OR LI-ION BATTERIES ROR CONSUMER APPLICATIONS D. MACARTHUR 23.1. INTRODUCTION 701* 23.2. LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 702* 23.2.1. THE MARKET 702* 23.2.2. DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES 704* 23.2.3. TARGETS: SMALL AND LARGE BATTERIES 705* REFERENCES 706* SUBJECT INDEX 707*
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spelling	Lithium batteries science and technology ed. by Gholam-Abbas Nazri ... 1. softcover print. New York Springer 2009 XIX, 708 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier 'Lithium Batteries' is an up-to-date and comprehensive compendium on advanced power sources and energy related topics. Each chapter is a detailed and thorough treatment of its subject. Lithium cells Lithiumbatterie (DE-588)4167901-5 gnd rswk-swf Lithiumbatterie (DE-588)4167901-5 s DE-604 Nazri, Gholamabbas Sonstige oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-387-92675-9 text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3227308&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext OEBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017647475&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Lithium batteries science and technology Lithium cells Lithiumbatterie (DE-588)4167901-5 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4167901-5
title	Lithium batteries science and technology
title_auth	Lithium batteries science and technology
title_exact_search	Lithium batteries science and technology
title_full	Lithium batteries science and technology ed. by Gholam-Abbas Nazri ...
title_fullStr	Lithium batteries science and technology ed. by Gholam-Abbas Nazri ...
title_full_unstemmed	Lithium batteries science and technology ed. by Gholam-Abbas Nazri ...
title_short	Lithium batteries
title_sort	lithium batteries science and technology
title_sub	science and technology
topic	Lithium cells Lithiumbatterie (DE-588)4167901-5 gnd
topic_facet	Lithium cells Lithiumbatterie
url	http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3227308&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017647475&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT nazrigholamabbas lithiumbatteriesscienceandtechnology

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