Verfügbarkeit: High-grade clays of the eastern United States

High-grade clays of the eastern United States: with notes on some western clays

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Washington, DC US Gov. Print. Off. 1922
Schriftenreihe:	US Geological Survey bulletin 708
Schlagworte:	Clay > United States USA
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XIV, 314 S. Ill., Kt.

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MARC


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245	1	0	\|a High-grade clays of the eastern United States \|b with notes on some western clays \|c by H. Ries ...
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Titel: High-Grade clays of the eastern United States Autor: Ries, H Jahr: 1922 CONTENTS. Pase. Introduction__________________________________________________________________________________________1 Field work and acknowledgments______________________________________________________________________J Imports of clay____________________________________________________________________________________________________1 Statistics____________________________________________________________________________________________________________1 Sources and kinds„.__________________________________________________________________________________3 Exports of clay____________________________________________________________________________________________________5 Statistics of production______________________________________________________________________________________C Requisite qualities of hijçh-grade clays for different purposes________________6 White-ware clays__________________ ____________________________________________________C Kaolins__________________________________________________________________________________________________7 White-burning sedimentary clays__________________________________________________7 Ball clays---------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 Paper clays----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Paint clays____________________________________________________________________________________________________11 Linoleum clays.l________________________________________________________________________________________11 Refractory bond clays______________________________________________________________________________11 Deposits of high-grade clays__________________________________________________________________________________15 Kaolins (white residual clays)________________________________________________________________________15 Definition______________________________________________________________________________________________________15 General features__________________________________________________________________________________________15 Types of rocks that form kaolin____________________________________________________________16 Need of purification for market------------------------------------------------------------16 Distribution of kaolins in the United States------------------------------------------16 Kaolin-bearing formations________________________________________________________________________16 Kaolins from pegmatites__,------------------------------------------------------17 Pennsylvania and Delaware------------------------------------------------------------18 Maryland______________________________________________________________________________________________18 Virginia__________________________________________________________________________________________________18 North Carolina, by W. S. Bayley----------------------------------------------------18 Distribution of kaolin---------------:------------------------------------18 Origin__________________________________________________________20 Variation in completeness of kaolinization---------------------22 Refining and by-products----------------------------------------------------------23 Composition__________________________________________25 Kaolins in the mountain region----------------------------------------------26 Occurrence________________________________________________________________________________26 Character of the pegmatites----------------------------------------------26 Kaolin mines________________________________________________________________________27, Dillsboro, Jackson County----------------------------------------28 Hog Rock mine--------------------------------------------------28 Roda mine____________________________________________________________30 Woodrow, Haywood County------------------------------------31 Mine of the Hand Clay Co. (Inc.)----------------31 ii: IV CONTENTS. D eposits of high-grade clays—Continued. Kaolins (white residual clayB)—Continued. Kaolins from pegmatites—Continued. North Carolina—Continued. Kaolins in the mountain region—Continued. Kaolin mines—Continued. Page. Mica ville, Yancey County----------------------------------------35 Wilson mine__________________________________35 Wyatt mine__________________________________________________________35 Toecane, Yancey County------------------------------------------36 Job Thomas mine-------•----- ------------------36 Pit of the Clay Products Co----------------------------36 Sprucepine, Mitchell County----_--------------------------36 Sprucepine mine- --------------------------------------------36 Sparks mine________________________________________________________39 Franklin, Macon County------------------------------------------41 Porter property--------------------------------------------------41 Johnston property----------------------------------------------42 Cunningham property______________________________________42 lotla mine------------------------------------------------------------43 Almond, Swain County----------------------------------------------44 Hewitt mine--------------------------------------------------------44 Bryson, Swain County____,------------------------------------44 Payne Sullivan mine______________________________________44 Harris mine________________________________________________________46 Penland, Mitchell County________________________________________47 Property of the Bailey Lumber Co________________47 Undeveloped deposits__________________________________________________________52 Franklin, Macon County__.______________________________________52 McGuire property______________________________________________53 Ferguson property___ ----------------------------------------54 Dillsboro, Jackson County______________________________________55 Property of the Harris Kaolin Co________________55 Beta, Jackson County________________________________________________55 Ross property________________________________________________________55 Etowah, Henderson County______________________________________57 Valentine property______________________________________________57 Hazelwood, Haywood County________________________________58 Herren property__________________________________________________58 Bird town, Swain County________________________________________59 Cole Black property______________________________________59 Micaville, Yancey County________________________________________60 Thomas prospect________________________________________________60 Smith prospect____________________________________________________61 Mitchell County_______________________________________________61 Jefferson, Ashe County____________________________________________64 Bare property______________________________________________________64 Kaolins in the Piedmont Plateau region________________________________65 Kaolins from pegmatite and granite______________________________65 Bessemer City, Gaston County________________________________65 Property of J. A. Smith____________________________________65 Lincolnton, Lincoln County______________________________________67 Mine of the United States Tin Co________________67 CONTENTS. V Deposits of high-grade clays—Continued. Kaolins (white residual clays)—Continued. Kaolins from pegmatites—Continued. North Carolina—Continued. Kaolins in the Piedmont Plateau region—Continued. Page. Kaolins from schistose rocks (partly pegmatites)— 68 Troy, Montgomery County--------------------------------------68 Mount Gilead, Montgomery County----------------------69 Property of P. M. Eames----------------------------------69 Overton, Montgomery County----------------------------------69 Property of A. J. Overton--------------------------------69 Catawba, Catawba County______________________________________70 Property of E. A. Ervin______________________________________70 Statesville, Iredell County--------------------------------------71 Property of Cashion Furchess____________________71 Bosticks Mills, Richmond County__________________________72 Property of R. L. Steele__________________________________72 Kaolin reserves of North Carolina__________________________________________75 Prospecting for kaolin--------------------------------------------------------------77 Uses of kaolins of North Carolina----------------------------------------78 South Carolina, by VV. S. Bayley----------------------------------------------------79 Abbeville County------------------------------------------------------------------------79 Georgia__________________________________________________________________________________________________82 Alabama___i________________________________________________________________________________________82 Kaolin from Cambrian schists in Pennsylvania--------------------------------82 Glen Loch, Delaware County__________________________________________________________82 South Mountain region, Cumberland County------------------------------83 General features of the deposits--------------------------------------------. 83 Property of the Cumberland Clay Co--------------------------------------85 Property of the Philadelphia Clay Co----------------------------------85 Property of the Sandusky Portland Cement Co----------------85 Henry Clay mine------------------------------------------------------------------------86 Property of the Holly Clay Corporation----------------------------86 Beavertown__________________________________________________________________________________88 Uses of the kaolins from the South Mountain region— 89 Future of the region------------------------------------------------------------------89 Narvon, Lancaster County________________________________________________________________89 Pit of the VVhittaker Clay Co________________________________________________90 Pit of the Diller Clay Co___:__________________________________________________90 Uses of the clays from Narvon______________________________________________91 Honeybrook, Chester County__________________________________________________________91 Kaolin from Cambrian quartzite in central Pennsylvania, by E. S. Moore__________________________________________________________92 Geologic occurrence----------------------------------------------------------------------------92 Distribution of the clays__________________________________________________________________94 Mines and prospects__________________________________________________________________________94 Blair property------------------------------------------------------------------------------94 Colonial Clay Co________________________________________________________________________95 Patton property_________________________________________________________________96 Dungarvin station----------------------------------------------------------------------97 Woodbury Clay Co______________________________________________________________________98 Possibilities of future development______________________________________________98 Uses of the kaolins from central Pennsylvania------------------------98 Kaolin from feldspathic quartzite in Connecticut______________________________99 VI CONTENTS. Deposits oí high-grade clayB—Continued. Kaolins (white residual clays)—Continued. Page. Xaolin from Cambrian shale in Virginia______________________________________________99 Lipscomb, Augusta County______________________________________________________________100 Cold Spring, Augusta County----------------------------------------------------------101 Lofton, Augusta County____________________________________________________________________102 Vesuvius, Augusta County______________________________________________________________103 Buena Vista, Rockbridge County__________________________________________________104 Kaolins from Cambrian limestone in Missouri__________________________________104 General features of the deposits____________________________________________________104 Property of American China Clay Co____________________________________________107 Bausch mine________________________________________________________________________________________108 Kaolins from shales and limestones of the Oriskany group in the Appalachian States________________________________________________________________________________108 Occurrence and distribution____________________________________________________________108 Pennsylvania________________________________________________________________________________________109 Saylorsburg district____________________________________________________________________109 Geology, by F. B. Peck______________________________________________________109 Character and uses of the clays____________________________________111 Mines______________________________________________________________________________________111 Mine of the Keystone Clay Reduction Co________111 Property of the Mount Eaton Clay Co__________________112 Property of the Atlas Portland Cement Co________113 Kunkletown, Monroe County------------------¦----------------114 Petersburg, Huntingdon County______________________________________________115 Shirleysburg, Huntingdon County-----------------------------115 Hollidaysburg, Blair County____________________________________________________116 West Virginia and Virginia____________:________________________________117 Hampshire County, W. Va., and Frederick County, Va____117 Lignite, Botetourt County, Va________________________________________________117 Notes on occurrences of kaolin west of the Mississippi------------------120 Arkansas_______________________________i------------------------------120 Bauxite____________________________________________________________________________________________120 Little Rock______________________________________________________________________________________120 Nevada, by J. P. Buwalda----------------------------------121 Oreana__________________________________________________________________________________________121 Pitt-Rowland mino______________________________________________________________121 Lovelocks______________________________________________________________________________________122 Adamson-Dickson property.-__________________________________________122 Telluride________________________________________________________________________________________124 Shepard property----------------------------------------------------------------124 Kiernan property________________________________________________________________125 Beatty______________________________________________________________________________________________125 Bond Marks deposit______________________________________________________125 Idaho____________________________________________________________________126 California______________________________________________________________________________________________126 Antioch__________________________________________________________________________________________126 Summary______________________________________________________________________________________________________126 Kaolin mining and refining______________________________________________________________________127 Residual clays of undetermined derivation----------------------------------------------128 Alabama__________________________________________________ ---- 128 Fort Payne, Dekalb County------------------------------------------------------------128 Bynum, Calhoun County----------------------------------------------------------------------130 CONTENTS. VII Deposits of high-grade clays—Continued. Residual clays of undetermined derivation—Continued. Page. Clays of Carboniferous age (chiefly sedimentary)--------------------------131 St. Louis district, Mo--------------------------------------------------------------------------131 Glass-pot clays in Ohio, by Wilbur Stout----------------------------------133 Pennsylvania________________________________________________________________________________________135 Flint clays of central Missouri____________________________________________________________________135 Occurrence and distribution____________________________________________________________135 Character of the clays-------------------------------------------138 Grades of clay shipped______________________________________________________________________140 Future of the district________________________________________________________________________140 Details of the flint-clay pits____________________________________________________________140 Hofflin, Crawford County----------------------------------------------------------140 Owensville, Gasconade County________________________________________________141 Connell pit____________________________________________________________________________141 Sassman pit--------------------------------------------------------------------------142 Rosebud, Gasconade County____________________________________________________144 Brown pit______________________________________________________________________________144 Bauers Watkins pit_________________________— 144 Heidel Toelke pit______________________________________________________________144 Bland, Gasconade County---------------------------------------------145 Shockley pit--------------------------------------------------------------------------145 Campbell Lichte pit________________________________________________________145 Canaan, Gasconade County______________________________________________________146 Belle, Maries County__________________________________________________________________147 Indianaite of Indiana______________________________________________________147 General features of the deposits, by W. N. Logan------------------------------147 Geographic distribution____________________________________________________________________147 Geologic occurrence____________________________________________________________________________149 Character of the outcrop------------------------------------------------------------------150 General character of the clay--------------------------------------------------------150 Associated rocks__________________________________________________________________________________152 Resources of indianaite--------------------------------------------------------------------154 The deposit of indianaite near Huron, Lawrence County, Ind., by H. Ries________________________________________________________________________________________________154 Structure of the beds________________________________________________________________________154 Physical character of the clay--------------------------------------------------------156 Pétrographie character------------------------------------------------------------------------156 Relations of the clay to the rocks associated with it------------------------158 Theories of origin--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------159 Combustion of coal bed----------------------------------------------------------------------159 Alteration of limestone----------------------------------------------------------------------159 Deposits of residual clay____________________________________________________________160 Igneous intrusion________________________:--------------------------------160 Vein deposits----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------160 Sedimentary deposits------------------------------------------------------------------------161 Biochemical reactions---------------------------i--------------161 Replacement of quartz pebbles--------------------------------------------------------161 Sedimentary clays of the Coastal Plain and the Embayment Area--------162 Geologic relations________________________________________________________________________________________162 Methods of mining______________________________________________________________________________________163 VIII CONTENTS. Deposita of high-grade clays—Continued. Sedimentary clays of the Coastal Plain and the Embayment Area—Con. Paçc. Lower Cretaceous clays____________________________________________________________________________164 South Carolina, by W. S. Bayley__________________________________________________164 The clay-bearing formations____________________________________________________164 The clay beds______________________________________________________________________________166 Pits in Lower Cretaceous clays____________________________________________168 Bath, Aiken County____________________________________________________________168 Property of the McNamee Kaolin Co____________________168 Langley, Aiken County______________________________________________________171 Property of the South Carolina Clay Co--------------171 Property of the Paragon Kaolin Co------------------------174 Property of the Peerless Clay Co--------------------------177 Property of the Immaculate Kaolin Co________________182 Dixiana, Lexington County______________________________________________185 Geiger property__________________________________________________________185 Trenton, Edgefield County________________________________________________185 Mims property______________________________________________________________185 Uses of the Cretaceous clays of South Carolina------------------186 Varieties of clay__________________________________________________________________186 Paper_________________ ____________________________________________________187 Pigments________________________________________________________________________________188 Floor and wall tile______________________________________________________________189 Pottery______________________________________— 189 Filler_________________________________________________190 Miscellaneous uses--------------------------------------------------------------190 Defects and their remedy----------------------------------------------------190 Conditions that affect operation--------------------------------------------191 Location________________________________________________________________________________191 Overburden____________________________________________________________________________192 Economic problems____________________________________________________________________193 Future development of the white clays of South Carolina 194 Georgia__________________________________________________________________________________________________194 Distribution__________________________________________________________________________________194 Origin____________________________________________________________________________________________195 Mode of occurrence____________________________________________________________________195 Structure______________________________________________________________________________________196 Variation in the clay__________________________________________________________________196 Chemical and physical properties------------------------------------------197 Minerals________________________________________________________________________________________197 Overburden__________________________________________________________________________________198 The white-clay industry____________________________________________________________198 Future expansions____________________________________________________________________200 Uses of the white clays of Georgia________________________________________200 Maryland______________________________________________________________________________________________201 Arundel formation_________________________________________201 Patapsco formation____________________________________________________________________201 Upper Cretaceous clays------------------------------------------------------------------------------202 Raritan formation______________________________________________________________________________202 New Jersey----------------------------------------------------------------------------------202 Occurrence and distribution--------------------------------------------202 Uses of the clays of New Jersey, by G. H. Brown______203 Maryland______________________________________________________________________________________204 CONTENTS. IX Deposits of high-grade clays—Continued. Sedimentary clays of the Coastal Plain and-the Embayment Area—Con. Upper Cretaceous clays—Continued. Page. Tuscaloosa formation________________________________________________________________________204 Alabama_______________________________________________________________204 Mississippi--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------205 Distribution and character------------------------------------------------205 Undeveloped properties in Tishomingo County, by E. N. Lowe__________________________-______________________206 Tishomingo__________________________________________________________________206 Iuka________________________________________________________________________________206 Golden____________________________________________________________________________209 Eastport__________________________________________________________________________209 ¡Middendorf arkose member of Black Creek formation in South Carolina----------------------------------------------------------------------------------211 Warrenville, Aiken County------------------------------------------------------211 Property of Parker Kaolin Co----------------------------------------211 Rayli. n, Lexington County------------------------------------------------213 - Property of Edisto Kaolin Co----------------------------------------213 Horrell Hill, Kicliland County________________________________________________215 Property of Interstate Clay Co--------------------------------------215 Property of Columbia Mineral Products Co----------------219 Aiken, Aiken County------------------------------------------------------------------220 Property of Henderson Bros--------------------------------------------220 Society Hill, Chesterfield County--------------------------------------------222 Coker property--------------------------------------------------------------------222 Eutaw formation__________________________________________________________________________________222 Selma clialk__________________________________________________________________________________________222 liipley formation__________________________________________________________________________________223 Distribution and character------------------------------------------------------223 Georg a__________________________________________________________________________________________224 Tennessee______________________________________________________________________________________225 Hollow Rock, Carroll County--------------------------------------------225 India, Henry County__________________________________________________________229 Tertiary clays______________________________________________________________________________________________230 Distribution__________________________________________________________________________________________- 280 Eocene (?) clay__________________________________________________________________________________230 South Carolina, by W. S. Bayley----------------------------------------------230 Abbeville, Abbeville County----------------------------------------------230 Midway group______________________________________________________________________________________233 Georgia_________________________________________________________________233 Mississippi------------------------- ----------------------------------235 Tennessee, Kentucky, and Illinois________________________________________236 Distribution and character______________________________________________236 Benton, Marshall County, Ky__________________________________________236 Briensburg, Marshall County, Ky__________________________________238 Murray, Calloway County, Ky----------------------------------------238 Wilcox group_________________________________L____________________238 Distribution----------------------------------------------------------------------------------238 Georgia__________________________________________________________________________________________239 Mississippi____________________________________________________________________________________239 Distribution and character_______________________________239 Clays of Ackerman formation________________________________________240 X CONTENTS. Deposita of high-grade clays—Continued. Sedimentary clays of the Coastal Plain and the Embayment Area—Con Tertiary clays—Continued. Wilcox group—Continued. Mississippi—Continued. Page. Clays of Holly Springs sand__________________________________________240 Clays of Grenada formation____________________________________________242 Distribution and character________________________________________242 Pits of J. T. Bramlett______________________________________________243 Property of McLendon Clay Co______________________________246 Pits of Mitchell Clay Co__________________________________________247 Property of Southern Ball Clay Co________________________247 Charleston, Tallahatchie County____________________________248 Future of the clays of the Grenada formation____248 Undeveloped properties, by E. N. Lowe________________________249 Clays of Grenada formation____________________________________249 Tocowa, Panola County____________________________________249 Charleston, Tallahatchie County--------------------250 Carrollton, Carroll County______________________________250 Clays of Holly Springs sand____________________________________252 Hudsonville, Marshall County________________________252 Lamar, Benton County.____________________________________253 Oxford, Lafayette County-----------------253 Arkansas----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------255 Distribution and character______________________________________________255 Mines______________________________________--------256 Lester, Ouachita County------------------------------------------256 Benton, Saline County______________________________________________259 I^agrange formation____________________________________________________________________________259 Correlation and character------------------------------------------------------------259 Tennessee_________________;--------------------------------------------------260 Distribution and character______________________________________________200 Localities------------------------------------------------------------------------------261 General features of the mines--------------------------------261 La Grange, Fayette County----------------------------------------262 J. F. Dale sand pit____________________________________________262 McNanee pit__________________________________________263 Pinson, Mad. soii County--------------------------------------------263 McKenzie, Carrol! County------------------------------------------264 Johnson-Porter Clay Co------------------------------------264 C. S. Sparks pit--------------------------------------------------266 Hairy, Henry County________________________________________________267 Whitlock, Henry County__________________________________________269 Pits of Mandle Clay Mining Co____________________269 Puryear, Henry County______________________________________________272 Property of Dixie Brick Tile Co----------------272 Property of Cooley Ball Sagger Clay Co.. 272 Uses of Lagrange clays of Tennessee------------------------------275 Kentucky______________________________________________________________________________________276 Occurrence and distribution____________________________________________276 Pryorsburg, Graves County______________1________________276 Property of Kentucky Construction Improve- ment Co__________________________________- 277 Pit of Mayfield Clay Co____________________________________________279 ILLUSTRATIONS. XI Deposite of high-grade clays—Continued. Sedimentary clays of the Coastal Plain and the Embayment Area—Con. Tertiary clays—Continued. Lagrange formation—Continued. Kentucky—Continued. Page. Hickory Grove, Graves County______________________________________280 Pit of Old Hickory Clay Talc Co________________________280 Pit of Colonial Clay Co______________________________________________281 Pit of National Sales Co__________________________________________281 Wiekliffe, Ballard County-------------------------------------------282 LaClede-Christy Clay Co__________________________________________282 American Clay Co______________________________________________________282 Undeveloped Lagrange clays in Kentucky------------------282 Uses of Lagrange clays of Kentucky------------------------------283 Illinois____________________________________________________________________________________________284 Distribution and occurrence____________________________________________284 Character and uses of the clays--------------------------------------285 Oligocene clays____________________________________________________________________________________289 Florida__________________________________________________________________________________________289 Distribution and character----------------------------------------------289 Uses of clays of Florida____________________________________________________291 Microscopic study of clays, by R. E. Somers------------------------------------------------------292 Method of examination------------------------------------------------------------------------------------292 Identification and character of minerals------------------------------------------------------296 Quartz____________________________________________________________________________________________________________296 Kaolinite______________________________________________________________________________296 Hydromica---------------------.----------------------------------------------------------296 Comparative abundance of kaolinite and hydromicas----------------------297 Hailoysite______________________________________________________________________________________________________298 Rutile______________________________________________________________________________________________________________293 Kare minerals_______________________________________^----------------299 Diaspore________________________________________________________________________________________________________299 Gibbsite____________________________________________________________________________________________________________299 Texture------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------300 Minerals in the burned clay____________________________________________________________________________300 Previous work on burned clay---------------------------------- 304
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spelling	High-grade clays of the eastern United States with notes on some western clays by H. Ries ... Washington, DC US Gov. Print. Off. 1922 XIV, 314 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier US Geological Survey bulletin 708 Clay United States USA Ries, H. Sonstige oth US Geological Survey bulletin 708 (DE-604)BV002539394 708 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017615843&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	High-grade clays of the eastern United States with notes on some western clays US Geological Survey bulletin Clay United States
title	High-grade clays of the eastern United States with notes on some western clays
title_auth	High-grade clays of the eastern United States with notes on some western clays
title_exact_search	High-grade clays of the eastern United States with notes on some western clays
title_full	High-grade clays of the eastern United States with notes on some western clays by H. Ries ...
title_fullStr	High-grade clays of the eastern United States with notes on some western clays by H. Ries ...
title_full_unstemmed	High-grade clays of the eastern United States with notes on some western clays by H. Ries ...
title_short	High-grade clays of the eastern United States
title_sort	high grade clays of the eastern united states with notes on some western clays
title_sub	with notes on some western clays
topic	Clay United States
topic_facet	Clay United States USA
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017615843&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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